Swertia mussotii Franch is an endangered medicinal plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its regeneration from callus culture is very difficult. In this study, an efficient method for plant regeneration was developed fr...Swertia mussotii Franch is an endangered medicinal plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its regeneration from callus culture is very difficult. In this study, an efficient method for plant regeneration was developed from its calli. The calli derived from young stem explants of S. mussotii were cultured at two types of temperature treatments to test their efficiency of shoot regeneration. When the calli were cultured at variable temperature (VT, 20℃ during the day and 10℃ at night) treatment, the adventitious shoots were formed at each combination tested. However, that did not occur when the calli were cultured at constant temperature (CT, 25℃) treatment. The best response (53.7%) of plantlet regeneration was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg·l-1 6-benzylaminopurine with 0.5 mg·l-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the VT treatment. The regenerated plantlets were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. They flowered in the following subculture. The results indicate that the treatment of day-night temperature difference is a critical factor to callus differentiation in S. mussotii. This protocol can be used for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前电力市场双层竞价策略。首先,对考虑碳交易的日前电力市场机制进行介绍和分析。其次,基于Stackelberg博弈原理建立以VPP为竞价主体的日前电力市场双层竞价模型,上层模型以VPP预期收益最大化为目标,下层模型以系统出清成本最小化为目标。针对VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性,基于信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)给VPP运营商提供风险规避和机会寻求2种投标策略。然后,利用强对偶理论、Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件以及大M法,将双层模型简化为一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,通过算例给出VPP的最优竞价策略以及运行计划,并分析VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性对VPP预期收益的影响。算例表明,VPP可以通过策略性的投标决策影响市场价格,考虑碳交易后,VPP的预期收益较无碳交易时增加了5.1%。展开更多
文摘Swertia mussotii Franch is an endangered medicinal plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its regeneration from callus culture is very difficult. In this study, an efficient method for plant regeneration was developed from its calli. The calli derived from young stem explants of S. mussotii were cultured at two types of temperature treatments to test their efficiency of shoot regeneration. When the calli were cultured at variable temperature (VT, 20℃ during the day and 10℃ at night) treatment, the adventitious shoots were formed at each combination tested. However, that did not occur when the calli were cultured at constant temperature (CT, 25℃) treatment. The best response (53.7%) of plantlet regeneration was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg·l-1 6-benzylaminopurine with 0.5 mg·l-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the VT treatment. The regenerated plantlets were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. They flowered in the following subculture. The results indicate that the treatment of day-night temperature difference is a critical factor to callus differentiation in S. mussotii. This protocol can be used for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前电力市场双层竞价策略。首先,对考虑碳交易的日前电力市场机制进行介绍和分析。其次,基于Stackelberg博弈原理建立以VPP为竞价主体的日前电力市场双层竞价模型,上层模型以VPP预期收益最大化为目标,下层模型以系统出清成本最小化为目标。针对VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性,基于信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)给VPP运营商提供风险规避和机会寻求2种投标策略。然后,利用强对偶理论、Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件以及大M法,将双层模型简化为一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,通过算例给出VPP的最优竞价策略以及运行计划,并分析VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性对VPP预期收益的影响。算例表明,VPP可以通过策略性的投标决策影响市场价格,考虑碳交易后,VPP的预期收益较无碳交易时增加了5.1%。
