Damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory bowel disease:From biomarkers to therapeutic targets

The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of nonimmune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct proinflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD.The effects determine pathologic changes,which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes.In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers,research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.

Honokiol-enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by dendritic cells pulsed with damage-associated molecular patterns

BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for cholangiocarcinoma treatment but their efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma was low. We suggest how such antitumor activity can be increased using cell lysates derived from an honokioltreated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). AIM To increase antitumour activity of DCs pulsed with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). METHODS The effect of honokiol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on choangiocarcinoma cells was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity and the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DCs were loaded with tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells their efficacy including induction of T lymphocyte proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity effect on target cholangiocarcinoma cells were evaluated. RESULTS Honokiol can effectively activate cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis and increase the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. DCs loaded with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated tumour cells enhanced priming and stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation and type I cytokine production. T lymphocytes stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of honokiol-treated tumour cells significantly increased specific killing of human cholangiocarcinoma cells compared to those associated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of untreated cholangiocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that honokiol was able to enhance the immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells associated with increased effectiveness of DC-based vaccine formulation. Treatment of tumour cells with honokiol offers a promising approach as an ex vivo DC-based anticancer vaccine.

Potential of damage associated molecular patterns in synergising radiation and the immune response in oesophageal cancer

BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.

Study on gene expression patterns and functional pathways of peripheral blood monocytes reveals potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis

BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclasemodulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.

Peri-Net-Pro: the neural processes with quantified uncertainty for crack patterns

This paper develops a deep learning tool based on neural processes(NPs)called the Peri-Net-Pro,to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classifies them according to the classification modes with quantified uncertainties.In particular,image classification and regression studies are conducted by means of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and NPs.First,the amount and quality of the data are enhanced by using peridynamics to theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite element method(FEM)in generating crack pattern images.Second,case studies are conducted with the prototype microelastic brittle(PMB),linear peridynamic solid(LPS),and viscoelastic solid(VES)models obtained by using the peridynamic theory.The case studies are performed to classify the images by using CNNs and determine the suitability of the PMB,LBS,and VES models.Finally,a regression analysis is performed on the crack pattern images with NPs to predict the crack patterns.The regression analysis results confirm that the variance decreases when the number of epochs increases by using the NPs.The training results gradually improve,and the variance ranges decrease to less than 0.035.The main finding of this study is that the NPs enable accurate predictions,even with missing or insufficient training data.The results demonstrate that if the context points are set to the 10th,100th,300th,and 784th,the training information is deliberately omitted for the context points of the 10th,100th,and 300th,and the predictions are different when the context points are significantly lower.However,the comparison of the results of the 100th and 784th context points shows that the predicted results are similar because of the Gaussian processes in the NPs.Therefore,if the NPs are employed for training,the missing information of the training data can be supplemented to predict the results.

Heterotic Classes and Utilization Patterns in Chinese Foxtail Millet [<i>Setaria italica</i>(L.) P. Beauv]

Utilization of heterosis to develop hybrid cultivars can significantly increase yield of most crops including foxtail millet. However, previous foxtail millet hybrid cultivars have been largely developed from crosses between sterile lines and conventional varieties or between sterile lines and varieties that are geographically distent from the sterile lines. The research on classification of heterotic classes and determinetaion of heterotic patterns has not been reported, which results in uncertainty in selection of parents for crosses and delays progress in utilization of high yielding hybrids in large-scale commercial production. In this study, a core collection of 128 accessions from China was grouped into six classes using combined analyses of population structure, pedigree, and clustering. The classification was conducted based mainly on molecular clustering of genotypic data, also considered the population structure and mathematical clustering using phenotypic data, and was finally validated through pedigree analysis. According to the transgressive and superstandard heterosis for grain yield, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight collected from an incomplete-diallel-cross experiment, we identified six superior heterosis patterns (C2/C1, C2/C4, C2/C5, C2/C6, C1/C5 and C4/C5) and four inferior heterosis patterns (C1/C3, C1/C4, C1/C6 and C4/C6), and explored their potential applications in millet hybrid breeding. This study laid a foundation for effective use of foxtail millet heterosis in improving millet hybrid yield.

Observation of Vortex Patterns in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma System

Vortex patterns of dust particles have been observed in a magnetized dusty plasma system. The formation mechanism of two-dimensional （2D） vortex patterns has been investigated by analysing the forces acting on dust particles and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations in a 2D confined magnetized dusty plasma. It has been found that with a weak confining electric field and a strong magnetic field, the particles＇ trajectories will form a vortex shape. The simulation results agree with our experimental observations. In our experiments, vortex patterns can be induced via circular rotation of particles by changing the rf （radio-frequency） power in a magnetized dusty plasma.

Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns of Wheat on Population Structure of Puccinia striiformis West.f. sp. tritici

The paper was to study the effects of different cultivation patterns( mix cultivation and monocultivation) of wheat on population structure of Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici in the fields. Five race-specific-markers( CY32,CY31,CY29,CY23 and Shuiyuan pathotype) were used to survey 113 infected samples collected from two cultivation patterns. The results indicated that frequency of race-specific-markers under monocultivation was higher than that under mix cultivation; the dominant race-specific-markers were CY32 and CY29 under monocultivation,and the frequency of detection were 81. 5% and 78. 5%,respectively. The dominant race-specific-markers were CY29 and Shuiyuan pathotype under mix cultivation,and the frequency of detection are 41. 7% and 18. 8%,respectively.Several race-specific-markers were detected in single infected leaf,and 41. 7% of infected single leaf were detected with more than two race-specific-markers,58. 3% of infected single leaf were detected with one race-specific-marker under mix cultivation pattern,while there were 75. 0% infected leaves with more than two race-specific-markers and 25. 0% infected single leaf detected with one race-specific-marker under monocultivation pattern. The results indicated that mix cultivation pattern of wheat can reduce races on single leaf,affect the distribution of races in infected leaves,and suppress the occurrence frequency of dominant races of P. striiformis in the fields significantly,subsequently reduced severity and prevalence of the disease.

Nanoindentation Models of Monolayer Graphene and Graphyne under Point Load Pattern Studied by Molecular Dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the nanoindentation models of monolayer suspended graphene and graphyne. Fullerenes are selected as indenters. Our results show that Young＇s modulus of monolayer-thick graphyne is almost half of that of graphene, which is estimated to be 0.50 TPa. The mechanical properties of graphene and graphyne are different in the presence of strain. A pre-tension has an important effect on the mechanical properties of a membrane. Both the pre-tension and Young＇s modulus plots demonstrate index behavior. The toughness of graphyne is stronger than that of graphene due to Young＇s modulus magnitude. Young＇s moduli of graphene and graphyne are almost independent of the size ratio of indenter to membrane.

Establishment,Characterization and Expression Pattern of a Spleen Cell Line,SMSP,Derived from Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

A turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)cell line named SMSP was obtained from the spleen.The origin of the cells was identified by morphology,chromosome number and COI gene.The optimal basic medium,serum concentration and growth temperature of the cells were detected.SMSP cell line is mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells.Most of the SMSP cells contained 44 chromosomes,and the sequence of COI gene confirmed that the cells were originated from turbot.The optimal culture conditions were 24℃,DMEM+10%FBS.The cell line had high transfection efficiency for siRNA and plasmid.After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or poly(I:C),the expressions of immune-related genes such as TNF-β,IL-12s,IL-10 and IL-1βwere up-regulated significantly in the early stage(P<0.05).This study will provide a model for exploring immune mechanism of turbot against pathogen in vitro.

四川盆地南部下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩孔隙结构特征与页岩气赋存模式

近年来,四川盆地南部地区(以下简称川南地区)下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气勘探开发取得了实质性的突破,但是,关于筇竹寺组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征及其对页岩气赋存模式影响的研究还较为薄弱。为此,以川南地区W207井筇竹寺组页岩为例,以总有机碳含量(TOC)不小于1.0%为界,将筇竹寺组页岩划分出4个高有机碳页岩层段(H1—H4层),并基于大视域扫描电镜、流体注入法孔隙定量表征、三维分子结构建模与分子模拟等方法,研究了不同富有机质层段页岩孔隙特征,并着重分析了H3层页岩孔隙发育特征与页岩气赋存模式。研究结果表明:(1)筇竹寺组页岩纵向上孔隙发育差异较大,其中H3层页岩孔隙系统最为有利,发育粒缘缝—有机质纳米连通孔隙—有机质基质分子内孔隙3级孔隙网络,其矿物粒缘缝与有机质纳米孔隙提供了较大的游离气储集空间,页岩有机质分子结构中普遍发育微孔,提供了较大的吸附空间;(2)微孔对总吸附量的贡献随压力增高而降低,但在30.0 MPa时仍贡献了56%以上的总吸附气量;(3)高温高压下(30.0 MPa、70℃),页岩中游离气甲烷含量占总含气量的57%,当压力由30.0 MPa降低至16.5 MPa,游离气贡献总开采气量超过80%;(4)粒缘缝、有机质纳米连通孔隙和有机质基质分子内孔隙良好的配置关系为页岩气富集及开发提供了良好的连通体系,远离风化壳的超压层段有利于页岩孔隙发育。结论认为,川南地区筇竹寺组H3层页岩孔隙系统发育,具备页岩气高产地质条件,是筇竹寺组下一步重点关注层段,在此基础上寻找远离风化壳、孔隙发育的超压页岩储层是筇竹寺组选区选层的关键。

光动力治疗与肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡

抗癌治疗的成功依赖于免疫系统介导的长期特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应。而近年来肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡(ICD)被认为是诱发机体产生这种反应的重要方式。光动力疗法(PDT)已被证实可引发肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡。ICD的核心是垂死癌细胞表达或释放危险相关分子模式(DAMPs),这些DAMPs对激活树突状细胞(DC)和激活T细胞适应性免疫反应至关重要,并导致长期免疫记忆的形成。本文将介绍ICD的研究进展以及通过改善肿瘤微环境缺氧和光敏剂的亚细胞定位增强PDT诱导ICD的能力的探索。

脓毒症心肌病的发病机制研究进展

脓毒症是宿主对感染的反应失调而导致威胁生命的器官功能障碍,脓毒症心肌病是严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克的并发症,死亡率高,预后不良,但目前脓毒症心肌病的病理生理机制暂不明确,尚无针对性的治疗措施。现总结目前关于脓毒症引起心肌功能障碍相关机制的研究现状,为未来的研究和干预方向提供新思路。

胶质母细胞瘤的复发模式及相关因素分析

目的:探究手术后胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma, GBM)的复发模式及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性收集并分析2017年01月至2020年12月期间就诊于我院的105例胶质母细胞瘤患者的资料,基于连续的影像学表现将肿瘤复发模式划分为局部复发及非局部复发。进一步收集患者的临床及病理特征,分析不同复发模式的影响因素。结果:这项单中心回顾性研究包括105例手术切除后的胶质母细胞瘤患者。所有患者的中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)为9.8个月;中位总生存期(overall survival, OS)为22.8个月。在49例(67.1%)和24例(32.9%)患者中观察到局部和非局部复发模式。73例复发患者中局部复发患者的中位PFS为4.8个月,非局部复发的患者为9.9个月(P=0.045)。未观察到OS与复发模式之间的相关性(P=0.242)。单因素回归分析示病灶部位(P=0.002)、室管膜下区受侵犯情况(P=0.009)、MGMT启动子甲基化状况(P=0.013)、 TERT启动子突变状况(P=0.031)、化疗与否(P=0.000)与PFS相关;病灶部位(P=0.003)、化疗与否(P=0.001)、放疗完成与否(P=0.004)与患者的OS相关。多因素Cox回归分析示病灶部位(P=0.035)、室管膜下区受侵犯情况(P=0.026)、化疗与否(P=0.036)和MGMT启动子甲基化(P=0.049)为PFS的独立影响因素;化疗与否(P=0.005)及放疗完成与否(P=0.005)是影响OS的独立危险因素。结论:GBM主要复发在局部,PFS较短。不同的临床和分子特征可以影响患者的预后,为医生提供理论参考,以做出更个性化和精确的治疗决策。

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

铁死亡在肿瘤免疫中的作用研究进展

铁死亡(ferroptosis)是由亚铁离子和脂质过氧化物过量堆积所导致的新型细胞死亡模式,能够以自噬依赖的方式释放损伤相关分子模式,作为免疫原性细胞死亡的佐剂,激活适应性免疫和固有免疫。肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞铁死亡受多种因素的调控且相互影响,对肿瘤的发展、治疗和预后起着重要作用。文中总结了肿瘤微环境中,T细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、 B细胞等免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞铁死亡之间的相关生物学效应。

损伤相关分子模式作为内在驱动力参与骨关节炎进程的研究进展

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)作为中老年人群常见的退行性疾病,其迁延不愈这一特征长期以来困扰着人们,并且造成了医疗消费与日俱增和生活质量下降等一系列问题。目前,OA的治疗方案较多集中于关节内部炎症性疼痛的改善,尚无有效根治手段。相关文献指出巨噬细胞的激活和炎症级联反应的启动与损伤相关分子模式(damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMP)的介导密切相关,DAMP作为驱动剂在关节慢性炎症进程中发挥着至关重要的作用,其不仅存在于关节内部损伤,还可释放入血参与关节外部炎症进程,关节内外的DAMP炎症诱导作用可作为重要驱动力参与OA的进展。本文将从DAMP这一靶点入手,探究DAMP相关的关节慢性炎症正反馈调节机制以及DAMP在OA病人关节外部炎性微环境中的介导作用。

肺癌治疗新方向:细胞免疫原性死亡

肺癌是全球范围内发病率和死亡率增长最快,对人类生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。被诊断为肺癌的患者通常会接受多种治疗,包括手术、化疗和/或放射治疗、免疫治疗及靶向治疗;然而,肺癌五年生存率仍然很低,特别是当癌症已达到晚期或发生远处转移时。因此,必须开发更有效、更新颖的技术来解决这个问题。免疫原性细胞死亡(immunogenic cell death,ICD)的诱导剂应用已被证明可以增强接受各种类型治疗患者的免疫力。ICD是指一种触发对死细胞抗原,特别是来自癌细胞的抗原的免疫反应的细胞死亡类型,它最初是关于使用传统细胞毒性药物进行抗癌化疗的效果提出的。本研究的目的是回顾和讨论ICD作为肺癌有前途的联合免疫疗法的作用和机制。

植物伤害信号分子细胞外DNA的研究进展

在病原菌形成病变之前,植物的先天免疫系统可通过受体识别来源于病原菌的激发子或自身的内源伤害信号分子(damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMPs),并做出一系列的防御反应,从而阻断或降低病原菌的侵染。近年来的研究发现,植物细胞外自身DNA片段(esDNA)作为一种DAMP,对同种植株的生长产生了抑制作用,并触发了植株自身特异性的免疫响应。本文系统地总结了esDNA的产生、作用特点、信号途径、潜在受体以及应用等方面的研究进展,以期为esDNA进一步的理论研究与农业生产应用提供参考。

Clinical distribution and molecular profiling on postoperative colorectal cancer patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes

Background:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,also named syndrome,are comprehensive and integral analyses of clinical information which helps to guide different individualized treatment prescriptions.Methods:Thirty healthy controls and 80 colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(including 33 Spleen Qi Deficiency syndrome,23 Dampness Heat syndrome,17 Blood Stasis syndrome and 7 other syndrome)were enrolled into this study.Human mRNAs were extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.The gene expression for CRC patients with different TCM syndrome was determined by microarray and qRT-PCR.Results:Spleen Qi Deficiency,Dampness Heat and Blood Stasis were the most common syndromes in CRC patients.There is a significant difference was found in mRNA expression levels(especially for PIK3CA,STAT3,SOX9 and KDM5C)among Spleen Qi Deficiency,Dampness Heat and Blood Stasis syndrome groups.The higher mRNA levels of JNK1,TP53,MLH1,MSH6,PMS2,SOCS3,TCF7L2,FAM123B,PSAP,FBXW7,SALL4 and the lower expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were found in Spleen Qi Deficiency group but not other syndrome types.The higher mRNA levels of KRAS,MUC16,EGFR,GRASP65,PIK3CA,MAPK7,CD24,STAT3,SLC11A1,Bcl-2,TXNDC17 and some inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,IL-23,TNF-a,CXCR4)were found in Dampness Heat group but not other syndrome types.Blood Stasis syndrome showed higher expression of SOX9,MLH1,MSH6,KDM5C,PCDH11X,PSAP and SALL4,and lower mRNA levels of PIK3CA,CD24,STAT3,CXCR4,TXNDC17 and TP53.The CRC patients with Dampness Heat syndrome might have a poor prognosis than other syndrome types.Conclusion:The identification of syndrome conditions had different impacts on CRC prognosis,and which might be related with different mRNA expression levels.Some oncogenes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in Dampness Heat group but not other syndrome types,suggesting that the CRC patients with Dampness Heat syndrome might have a poor prognosis.Our results prelimitarily uncovered the molecular basis of syndrome differences in CRC prognosis,a better understanding for TCM treatment of CRC.