A Self-Adapting and Efficient Dandelion Algorithm and Its Application to Feature Selection for Credit Card Fraud Detection

A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.

Effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds from dandelion:identification and mechanistic insights using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking and dynamics simulation

This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein-2,MD-2)using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking(single ligand and multi-ligand docking)and molecular dynamics simulation.A 50%aqueous methanol extract had a greater anti-inflammatory effect and higher chicoric acid content,compared with the 100%water and 100%methanol extracts.Chicoric acid,chlorogenic acid,methylophiopogonone A,caffeic acid,gallic acid monohydrate and 4’-O-demethylbroussonin A had relatively high binding energies and contents in all extracts.Chicoric acid competed with chlorogenic acid,4’-O-demethylbroussonin A and quercetin for MD-2.Among dandelion’s phenolics,chicoric acid most effectively hindered TLR4-MD-2 complex formation,with a quenching constant of 0.62×10^(6) L/mol for MD-2 or TLR4 at 320 K,and binding energies of-6.87 and-5.97 kcal/mol,respectively,for MD-2 and TLR4.

Mechanism of Herbal Medicine and Food Dandelion Effects May be Related to RNA or DNA Regulation: A Review

Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are reviewed to help further in-depth studies and develop more products derived from dandelions in the future. Method: The literature about dandelion in various databases such as Pubmed is searched. Results: Dandelions have many effects, such as virus inhibition, anti-tumor activity, nutritional value, anti-aging, potential as a vaccine and alleviation of heat stress. The mechanism underlying these effects is analyzed and it was found that dandelions were regulated by RNA or DNA. Conclusion: As a medicinal and food, dandelions are safe and have many effects. Many products derived from dandelions have been developed. The metabolic regulation is related with ribonucleic acid or possibly deoxynucleic acid. Further in-depth studies should be conducted on the regulation of dandelions through RNA or DNA. There will likely be more products derived from dandelions in the future.

Effect of Dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)Intercropping with Different Plant Spacing on Blight and Growth of Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)

Intercropping of crops that can secrete bacteriostatic active substances can not only inhibit the occurrence of disease but also have an important effect on plant growth.However,the effects of dandelion intercropping on pepper blight control and pepper growth remain unclear.In this study,the control effect of dandelion on pepper blight was studied by inoculating the pepper leaves with Phytophthora infestans,and it also discusses the correlation of the occurrence of pepper epidemic disease with the pepper canopy environment,soil environment,pepper photo-synthesis,and yield index.The results showed that best plant distance for dandelion intercropping was 20 cm(P20),and the control effect reached 43.31%.As compared to the CK,SOD enzyme,POD enzyme,and PAL enzyme were significantly up-regulated during the growth of pepper;chlorophyll content in pepper leaves was significantly increased;photosynthetic characteristics were significantly increased;stem diameter and yield of crop pepper were effectively improved;and the quality of the pepper product was better,but intercropping dandelion resulted in a significant decrease of nutrients in the soil environment of pepper,so a reasonable intercropping distance was needed.The correlation analysis shows that the incidence of pepper blight(A)was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature(Q),intercellular carbon dioxide(L),and canopy air temperature(O).The incidence of capsicum blight(A)was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content(F),net photo-synthetic rate(K),stomatal conductance(M),ww rate(N),soil sucrase activity(W),vitamin C(AB),and leaf PAL enzyme(J).Finally,it was deduced that intercropping dandelion could effectively control the occurrence of pepper blight while also demonstrating a complex interaction with the pepper growing environment.

Hepatoprotection by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and mechanisms

The protection of the liver as an essential organ in the body against oxidative stress and deleterious compounds has been the subject of recent investigations.Among different compounds,medicinal plants play an important role due to their hepatoprotective effects.Taraxacum officinale or"common dandelion"is a popular plant that has been traditionally used for its hepatoprotective effects.Currently,there are limited clinical studies on its hepatoprotective effects.The aim of this review article is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of dandelion and its mechanism of action.We reviewed literature up to July 2019 on"Taraxacum officinale"or"dandelion"and hepatoprotection.Currently available pharmacological studies indicate that dandelion extracts have hepatoprotective effects against chemical agents due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities.The anti-inflammatory effects of dandelion,the prebiotic effects of its oligofructans,inhibitory effects against the release of lipopolysaccharides and fasting induced adipose factor,digestive enzymes,and enhancing effects of lipogenesis,reduce lipid accumulation and liver inflammation,which directly or indirectly improve the liver functions.Given emerging evidence on hepatoprotective effects of dandelion,designing large human clinical studies is essential.

Comparison of DPPH Scavenging Ability of Flavonoid and Polysaccharide from Dandelion ( Taraxacum mongolicum)

The paper was to study DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrobenzene hydrazine） scavenging ability of different concentrations of tlavonoid and polysaccheride from dandelion. Flavonoids were extracted from dandelion using alcohol precipitation ultrasonic extraction method and polysaccharide was extracted using water ul- trasonic extraction method. DPPH free radical scavenging ability of flavonoid and polysaccharide was determined using ultravialet spectrophotometer method. The difference in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between flavonoids and polysacchafide was analyzed statistically. The results showed that DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of flavanoid was 1.6 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was up to 96.11% and I Cso （median inhibitory concentration of inhibi^rs） was 0.38 mg/mL. DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of polysaccheride was 1.4 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was 89.33% and IC5o was 0.51 mg/mL. Statistical results showed that there were significant differences in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between dandelion flavonoid and polysaeoharide （P 〈 0.05 ）. Flavonoid had significantly higher scavenging ability than polysaccharide （P 〈 0.05）. The study lays a theoretical foundation for further research on dan- delion flavonoid, and provides a theoretical basis for development and utilization of dandelion resources.

Dandelion格网：一种新型立体格网设计方案

随着空间探索技术和数据获取手段的飞速发展，对地球的研究已经不仅仅局限于地表，而是趋向于海陆空地下一体化发展。因此，全球离散格网开始由球面格网发展到球体格网。然而，现阶段球体格网单元与单元之间的联系比较复杂。于是，一种新的三维立体剖分格网——Dandelion格网的设计方案经探讨提出。Dandelion格网仿蒲公英结构，从中心点发射线构成球面单元部分，从球心发射线截取它的径向距离，从而构成一个单元结构体。由于其特殊构造，单元之间的联系相对其他格网更加明朗简单。本文重点对Dandelion格网的构建方案进行了深入研究。

基于Dandelion编码生成有界树宽CP-nets

针对条件偏好网络(CP-nets)图模型在进行推理运算时的高时间复杂度的问题,提出了一种基于Dandelion编码生成有界树宽的CP-nets(BTW-CP-nets Gen)算法。首先,通过Dandelion编码与树宽为k的树结构(ktree)之间的双向映射原理推导出Dandelion编码与k-tree之间的解码与编码算法,实现编码与树结构的一对一映射;其次,利用k-tree来约束CP-nets结构的树宽,并利用k-tree的特征树得到了CP-nets的有向无环图结构;最后,利用离散多值函数的双射计算出各CP-nets结构节点的条件偏好表,然后针对生成的有界树宽CP-nets进行占优查询检测。理论分析和实验数据表明,与Pruffer编码生成k-tree(Pruffer code)算法相比,BTW-CP-nets Gen算法的运行时间在生成简单结构和复杂结构时的下降幅度分别为21.1%和30.5%;而BTW-CP-nets Gen算法所生成的图模型在进行占优查询时的节点遍历比在简单结构和复杂结构上分别提高了18.48%和29.03%。BTW-CP-nets Gen算法在更短的时间内,占优查询时遍历的节点率更高。可见,BTW-CP-nets Gen算法在图模型的推理中能够有效提高算法效率。

Research Progress of Anti-tumor Active Ingredients in Dandelion

As a traditional Chinese herb,dandelion,containing complicated active ingredients which includes polysaccharide,flavonoid,terpene,pigment,phytosterol,coumarin,organic acid and etc,plays significant roles in various physiological activities in organisms.The active ingredients generally interfere in signal transduction of cancer cells,regulate cell cycle and apoptotic protein expression,inhibit cancer cells proliferation and migration and etc,which effectively restrains tumor development and deterioration.This article summarizes the anti-tumor mechanism of five active ingredients in dandelion through paper reading which provides thoughts and references for anti-tumor research.

Impact of the aqueous extract of dandelion, probiotic and their synbiotic on male lamb’s testicular histopathology relative to semen characteristics

This study aimed at investigating effects of dandelion/probiotic on the testis histology and semen characteristics of male lambs. Twelve prepuberal Noemi male lambs (2 ± 0.4-month-old and 20 ± 3.5 kg B.W) were randomly allocated into four groups. Animals in group 1 were controlled, orally given normal saline as the same schedule of treated animals. In group 2 animals were given daily oral 50 ml of an aqueous extract of dandelion leaves. In group 3 animals were given a daily 50 ml of cow’s milk probiotics, and in group 4 animals were given 50 ml of a 1:1 mixture (dandelion extract: probiotic). Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks. At puberty, semen ejaculates were collected weekly for further 10 weeks. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and testicles were obtained, weighed and a histopathological study was performed on the testis. Results revealed that oral administration of the dandelion aqueous extract to prepuberal lambs exhibited disturbances in the histological architecture of the testicular semeniferous tubules. Additionally, dandelion resulted in edematic interstitial tissues with evident vaculations. These deteriorations were reflected in less spermatogenesis (i.e. less sperm concentration and ejaculate volume by 10% and 20%, respectively than controlled group). Also, the percentage of sperm progressive motility was lower (P < 0.05) and dead sperm was higher (P < 0.05) in rams given dandelion than control. Administration of probiotic hasn’t revealed a change in the seminiferous tubules architecture, however, very little vaculation with rare edema was observed. Administration of the synbiotic mixture revealed intermediate histopathological appearances. The highest sperm concentration, testosterone concentration and advanced motility were obtained when probiotic was administered. In conclusion, although dandelion cures some hepatic malfunctions in human, caution must be taken into consideration of the frequent ingestion of dandelion for its harmful effect on male fertility.

Introduction and Selection of Dandelion Varieties under the Forest

[Objectives]To select dandelion varieties suitable for forest land in Beijing suburb plain.[Methods]With the local varieties in Beijing as control,four dandelion varieties,Hebei 2,Shandong 1,Anhui 1 and Henan 1 were introduced,and the growth differences,effective components and yield indexes of different varieties were analyzed.[Results]The leaf and root yield of Henan 1 dandelion was significantly higher than that of the control,and the content of caffeic acid in the root was also higher than the standard of Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]On the whole,the dandelion variety Henan 1 is suitable for demonstration planting under the young forest in the plains of Beijing suburb.

Detection and classification of pesticide residues in dandelion(Taraxacum officinale L.)by electronic nose combined with chemometric approaches

In this study,for the first time a suitable pesticide residue detection system for dandelion(Taraxacum officinale L.)was established based on electronic nose to determine and study the concentration of pesticide residue in dandelion.Dandelions were sprayed with different concentrations of pesticides(avermectin,trichlorfon,deltamethrin,and acetamiprid),respectively.Data collection was performed by application of an electronic nose equipped with 12 metal oxide semiconductor(MOS)sensors.Data analysis was conducted using different methods including BP neural network and random forest(RF)as well as the support vector machine(SVM).The results showed the superior effectiveness of SVM in discrimination and classification of non-exceeding maximum residue limits(MRLs)and exceeding MRLs standards.Moreover,the model trained by SVM has the best performance for the classification of pesticide categories in dandelion,and the classification accuracy was 91.7%.The results of this study can provide reference for further development and construction of efficient detection technology of pesticide residues based on electronic nose for agricultural products.

蒲公英提取物对脑出血大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究

目的研究蒲公英提取物对自发性脑出血(ICH)大鼠的治疗作用及核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号通路的影响。方法通过脑定位注射Ⅳ型胶原酶诱导建立48只ICH大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、蒲公英提取物组、Nrf2抑制剂(ML385)组和蒲公英提取物+ML385组,每组12只,另选12只大鼠作为假手术组。以药物分组处理后,进行大鼠神经功能损伤评分;检测大鼠血脑屏障功能、海马神经元细胞凋亡率、血清环氧化酶2(COX-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及脑组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、活性氧、丙二醛水平和Nrf2/HO-1信号通路蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、伊文思蓝渗出量、海马神经元细胞凋亡率、血清COX-2、IL-6、iNOS水平、脑组织活性氧、丙二醛水平显著升高(P<0.05),CAT、GSH-Px、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与蒲公英提取物组比较,蒲公英提取物+ML385组大鼠神经功能评分[(2.54±0.23)分vs(1.43±0.19)分]、伊文思蓝渗出量[(22.15±3.61)ng/mg vs(6.54±1.24)ng/mg]、海马神经元细胞凋亡率[(31.97±5.26)%vs(3.51±0.94)%]、血清COX-2[(5.82±1.16)ng/ml vs(1.34±0.42)ng/ml]、IL-6[(1.47±0.31)ng/ml vs(0.43±0.14)ng/ml]、iNOS[(59.91±10.36)U/ml vs(13.94±3.78)U/ml]、脑组织活性氧[(4.70±0.45)U/kg vs(1.70±0.51)U/kg]、丙二醛水平[(3.72±0.52)nmol/mg vs(1.17±0.34)nmol/mg]显著升高(P<0.05),CAT[(2.54±0.59)U/mg vs(5.68±1.04)U/mg]、GSH-Px[(8.01±0.86)U/mg vs(16.97±3.03)U/mg]、Nrf2(0.67±0.13 vs 1.07±0.19)、HO-1(0.55±0.07 vs 0.86±0.10)蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论蒲公英提取物可通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路增强ICH大鼠抗氧化活性,阻止炎症和氧化应激反应进展,抑制海马神经元细胞凋亡,修复血脑屏障功能,改善大鼠神经功能。

蒲公英黄酮提取物对鲜切玉露香梨果的保鲜效果

随着鲜切果蔬产业的发展,天然植物提取物保鲜剂越来越受到关注。利用植物天然提取物进行鲜切果蔬保鲜不但安全高效,还能延长鲜切果蔬的货架期,提高其商品价值。为探究蒲公英黄酮提取物对鲜切玉露香梨果的保鲜效果,本研究在蒲公英黄酮提取的基础上,以无菌蒸馏水为对照,利用不同质量浓度(0.3 mg/ml、0.6 mg/ml、0.9 mg/ml、1.2 mg/ml)的蒲公英黄酮提取物对鲜切玉露香梨果进行浸泡处理,分析了贮藏期间鲜切玉露香梨果可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、总酚含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量等抗氧化指标和品质指标的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,适宜质量浓度的蒲公英黄酮提取物浸泡处理可以显著抑制贮藏期间鲜切玉露香梨果的相对电导率上升、MDA含量增加、色泽褐变和微生物的生长,维持鲜切玉露香梨果可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、总酚含量、硬度和2,2-二苯基-1-苦丙烯酰肼(DPPH)自由基清除率。其中,0.3 mg/ml质量浓度蒲公英黄酮提取物浸泡处理具有较好的保鲜效果,而高质量浓度蒲公英黄酮提取物浸泡处理会在一定程度上降低鲜切玉露香梨果的品质。

河北不同地理居群蒲公英核型及核型似近系数聚类分析

为探究河北地区蒲公英(Taraxacum F.H.Wigg.)的核型特征、进化趋势及亲缘关系。本研究采用常规根尖压片法对河北5个地区20个不同地理居群蒲公英进行核型分析及核型似近系数聚类分析。结果表明,20个蒲公英的染色体数目为2n=24,32,染色体基数x=8,12;有二倍体、同源三倍体、异源三倍体、异源四倍体。核型有1A,2A,1B,2B四种类型。17种核型公式,均有随体。核型不对称系数AS.K%在56.54%~61.32%之间,核型不对称系数AI在0.97~3.22之间。Z2和C2核型似近系数最大(0.997 8),核型进化距离最小(0.002 2),亲缘关系最近,B2与Z4的核型进化距离最大,亲缘关系最远。当核型似近系数为0.985 7时,20个蒲公英聚为五类,当核型似近系数为0.661 8时,共属一类。本研究探明了河北不同地理居群蒲公英的核型及亲缘关系,为进一步探明蒲公英的分类、系统进化、亲缘关系奠定细胞学基础。

蒲公英葡萄复合饮料的研发

为了丰富饮料的品种,本文以蒲公英、葡萄为主要原料,研制了一种新型的复合饮品。通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化蒲公英葡萄复合饮料的配方。结果表明,蒲公英汁10 g、葡萄汁30 g、白砂糖15 g、柠檬酸0.2 g、水120 mL为蒲公英葡萄复合饮料的最佳工艺配方,复合饮料口感清爽、风味独特、营养丰富,理化和微生物指标均符合国家标准。

中蒙药对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的筛选对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)具有抑菌作用的中蒙单药,构建新型抑菌方剂,探索中蒙药对H.pylori的治疗价值。方法取H.pylori标准菌株,常规体外培养;临床分离并培养H.pylori现症感染患者的H.pylori菌株,采用生化反应、H.pylori特异性基因检测进行鉴定。选取黄连、黄芩、大黄、丁香、鱼腥草、黄芪、茯苓、三七、生姜、苦参、诃子、蒲公英分别对H.pylori标准和临床菌株进行药敏试验,采用十字测量法测量抑菌圈直径,直径15~20 mm为高敏、直径10~14 mm为中敏。根据上述药敏试验,选取敏感药物构建新型组方,然后采用药敏试验、浓度梯度试验、尿素酶浓度测定试验评估新型组方的抑菌作用。选取阿莫西林、克拉霉素、甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星、利福平、四环素、庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮对H.pylori临床菌株进行药敏试验,分析耐药情况及耐药患者H.pylori菌株对新型组方的敏感性。结果H.pylori标准菌株对蒲公英、诃子高敏,对丁香、大黄中敏;H.pylori临床菌株对蒲公英高敏,对鱼腥草、三七、苦参、黄芩、黄连、黄芪、诃子、丁香、大黄、生姜中敏。其中蒲公英、诃子、丁香、大黄对H.pylori标准和临床菌株均具有较好抑菌作用,且蒲公英作用最强。构建的新型组方命名为半夏益胃颗粒,包括清半夏15 g、黄连6 g、黄芩10 g、干姜10 g、党参10 g、炙甘草6 g、大枣15 g、诃子10 g、丁香6 g、三七粉6 g、蒲公英30 g、百合30 g、乌药10 g、鱼腥草10 g、海螵蛸15 g。有6例H.pylori临床菌株对半夏益胃颗粒高敏,3例H.pylori临床菌株及标准菌株对半夏益胃颗粒中敏。半夏益胃颗粒最小抑菌浓度为0.5 g/mL,此浓度半夏益胃颗粒应用后,H.pylori标准和临床菌株分泌的尿素酶浓度较应用前明显降低(P均<0.05)。H.pylori临床菌株抗生素耐药情况:甲硝唑7例、左氧氟沙星4例、克拉霉素3例、呋喃唑酮1例、阿莫西林1例;半夏益胃颗粒对甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星耐药H.pylori临床菌株的药敏试验均为高敏。结论蒲公英、诃子、丁香、大黄对H.pylori标准和临床菌株均具有较好抑制作用;新组方半夏益胃颗粒对H.pylori标准和临床菌株抑制作用明显,对有些抗生素耐药的H.pylori临床菌株也有抑制作用,有望成为根除H.pylori的辅助药物。

蒲公英叶提取物在盐酸中对铁片的缓蚀行为研究

通过浸提法从蒲公英叶中提取植物缓蚀剂,采用失重法、傅里叶红外光谱测试、腐蚀形貌表征法及吸附等温曲线拟合,研究了蒲公英叶提取物在1 mol/L HCl中对纯铁的缓蚀性能和机制。结果表明:蒲公英叶提取物对铁片均有显著的缓蚀效果,在35℃下,0.8 g/L的蒲公英叶提取物对铁片的缓蚀效率高达97.45%,效果最佳;蒲公英叶提取物中的活性分子官能团,以物理吸附的形式占据铁片表面反应位点来抑制铁片腐蚀。吸附等温线拟合结果显示,蒲公英叶提取物在铁片表面的吸附为单分子层吸附,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。

蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机设计与试验

针对蒲公英的种子与绒毛分离困难,分离过程中劳动量大、人工成本高等问题,设计两级脱分的蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机。整机结构由一级脱分装置、二级脱分装置、负压除杂装置、传动装置以及进料口组成。对一级脱分和二级脱分的筛网进行结构设计和计算,得出设计参数:一级锥形筛网高度为277 mm,母线长为320 mm,顶圈筛孔个数为87个,底圈筛孔的个数为185个,二级冲孔筛的直径为520 mm,筛孔数为6928个。以喂入量和毛刷转速为试验因素,以蒲公英种子的脱净率、破损率为试验指标进行试验,得到脱分机的最佳工作状态:当毛刷转速为320 r/min、喂入量为0.0037 kg/s时,脱净率为87.6%,破损率为2.8%。蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机整体结构合理、运行状况稳定,满足设计要求。

蒲公英中总黄酮的提取条件研究——“天然产物化学实验”课程实验设计

天然产物化学实验注重学生综合能力及创新能力的培养。通过实验设计,以蒲公英总黄酮为对象,结合紫外分光光度法探索不同条件对蒲公英总黄酮得率的影响,使学生掌握总黄酮提取和测定机理,从而夯实学生理论知识,提升学生解决天然产物提取复杂问题,强化知识运用能力。整个实验课程内容全面,操作简单,对培养学生科学探究、开拓创新的精神有很大帮助。