Numerical Study on the Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics of Low-Solubility and Low-Volatile Dangerous Chemicals from Ship in Inland Rivers

Considering the accidents of ships for dangerous chemicals transportation in inland rivers,a numerical method for the simulation of the leakage and diffusion processes of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers is proposed in this paper.Geographic information,such as rivers and buildings in the model,is obtained through Google Earth and structures of rivers and buildings are described by Auto CAD.In addition,the Fluent is adopted to simulate the leakage and diffusion processes of the dangerous chemicals where the standard k-εmodel is used to calculate the turbulent flow.Considering the interaction between chemicals and water,the VOF method is used to describe the leakage,drift and diffusion process of dangerous chemicals groups on the water surface.Taking a section of the Yangtze River as an example,the leakage and diffusion processes from a ship carrying 3,000 tons of low-solubility and low-volatile dangerous chemicals are studied,and the characteristics of leakage and diffusion are analyzed in detail.During the simulation,the area of the maximum group of leaked dangerous chemicals reaches up to about 1800 m2,and the number reaches up to 45.Furthermore,the influence of density,viscosity,water velocity and leakage velocity on the leakage and diffusion processes is investigated in this paper.

Probabilistic Approach to Risk Analysis of Chemical Spills at Sea

Risk analysis of chemical spills at sea and their consequences for sea environment are discussed. Mutual interactions between the process of the sea accident initiating events, the process of the sea environment threats, and the process of the sea environment degradation are investigated. To describe these three particular processes, the separate semi-Markov models are built. Furthermore, these models are jointed into one general model of these processes interactions. Moreover, some comments on the method for statistical identification of the considered models are proposed.

Asian Honey Bees Use Trace Amount Chemical to Avoid Danger

While foraging,animals can form inter-and intra-specific social signaling(i.e.one organism using signals to alert another about danger)networks to avoid similar predators.Honey bee sting alarm pheromones are multi-component blends,for instance isopentyl acetate(IPA),octyl acetate(OA),benzyl acetate(BA),etc.However,the

Persistent organic pollutants control strategy in China

The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts (e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with international guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, life-cycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the science-based decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing world and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.