Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinica...Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 188 cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG between January 2008 and December 2018 in our institute were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively,and 114 patients who completed a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were analysed.Patient and tumor characteristics,strain of BCG,adverse effects,and tumor progression were included for analysis.Intravesical BCG was instilled in intermediate-and high-risk patients.Six weeks of induction BCG,followed by three weekly maintenance BCG at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months was advised in high-risk patients.Results:Overall 68 patients received BCG Danish 1331 strain and 46 patients received Moscow-I strain.Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The median follow-up period was 42.5 months and 34.5 months in Danish 1331 and Moscow-I groups,respectively.Adverse events like dropout rate,antitubercular treatment requirement,and need of cystectomy were higher in Moscow-I group(n=31,67.4%)when compared to Danish 1331 strain(n=33,48.5%)(p=0.046).On direct comparison between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain,there was similar 3-year recurrence-free survival(80.0%vs.72.9%)and 3-year progression-free survival(96.5%vs.97.8%).Conclusion:Study results suggest no significant differences between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain in recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival,but a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe adverse events in BCG Moscow-I strain.展开更多
On November 3,CIIS President Su Ge and Vice President Dong Manyuan met with the delegation from the Danish Parliament headed by Soren Espersen,Chairman of its Foreign Policy Committee.The two sides exchanged views on ...On November 3,CIIS President Su Ge and Vice President Dong Manyuan met with the delegation from the Danish Parliament headed by Soren Espersen,Chairman of its Foreign Policy Committee.The two sides exchanged views on China-Europe relations and the DPRK nuclear issue,among other topics.Members of the delegation included展开更多
EDITOR'S NOTE: In recent years, Chinese human rights institutes and experts are increasingly having academic exchanges and co-operation with those of other countries, among of which Danish Institute for Human Righ...EDITOR'S NOTE: In recent years, Chinese human rights institutes and experts are increasingly having academic exchanges and co-operation with those of other countries, among of which Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) and its staff are an outstanding example. In early June,Mr. Morten Kjserum, the Executive Director of DIHR, Co-director ofthe Danish Centre for International Studies and Human Rights, Memberof the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD),President of the International Coordination Committee for NationalHuman Rights Institutions (ICC) came to Beijing to participate in aseminar, during which he was interviewed by our staff reporter Wang Yanbing. Following is his viewpoints of human rights issues.展开更多
Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been ado...Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.展开更多
The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 1...The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100%renewable energy generation by 2050.A major challenge is balancing load and generation.In addition,the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility,so-called indirect electric energy storage options,are investigated.A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.展开更多
Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having w...Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems(BACS)provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different systems.In this regard,building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential improvements.While there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics,very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation patterns.This lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the eu.bac System methodology in a university office building.The building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class E.Two BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated,and energy savings up to 28.5%are reported.The preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope upgrade.In addition,the impact of the eu.bac System improvements and labeling on the building’s classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is evaluated.The study discusses the feasibility of eu.bac System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests improvements.It also correlates and compares the eu.bac System audit to the upcoming European SRI instrument.In light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector,ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great importance.Thus,a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and evaluation methodology will be a crucial part of buildings’initial and retro-commissioning platforms.展开更多
基金We thank Dr. Neha Sanwalka for the support with the statisticalanalysis and Dr. Meenal Hastak and Dr. Bijal Kulkarnifor their continued support and in discussion of pathologicalaspects of disease.
文摘Objective:To compare the differences in adverse effects and efficacy profile between bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Danish 1331 and BCG Moscow-I strain in management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 188 cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG between January 2008 and December 2018 in our institute were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively,and 114 patients who completed a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were analysed.Patient and tumor characteristics,strain of BCG,adverse effects,and tumor progression were included for analysis.Intravesical BCG was instilled in intermediate-and high-risk patients.Six weeks of induction BCG,followed by three weekly maintenance BCG at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months was advised in high-risk patients.Results:Overall 68 patients received BCG Danish 1331 strain and 46 patients received Moscow-I strain.Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The median follow-up period was 42.5 months and 34.5 months in Danish 1331 and Moscow-I groups,respectively.Adverse events like dropout rate,antitubercular treatment requirement,and need of cystectomy were higher in Moscow-I group(n=31,67.4%)when compared to Danish 1331 strain(n=33,48.5%)(p=0.046).On direct comparison between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain,there was similar 3-year recurrence-free survival(80.0%vs.72.9%)and 3-year progression-free survival(96.5%vs.97.8%).Conclusion:Study results suggest no significant differences between Danish 1331 and Moscow-I strain in recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival,but a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe adverse events in BCG Moscow-I strain.
文摘On November 3,CIIS President Su Ge and Vice President Dong Manyuan met with the delegation from the Danish Parliament headed by Soren Espersen,Chairman of its Foreign Policy Committee.The two sides exchanged views on China-Europe relations and the DPRK nuclear issue,among other topics.Members of the delegation included
文摘EDITOR'S NOTE: In recent years, Chinese human rights institutes and experts are increasingly having academic exchanges and co-operation with those of other countries, among of which Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) and its staff are an outstanding example. In early June,Mr. Morten Kjserum, the Executive Director of DIHR, Co-director ofthe Danish Centre for International Studies and Human Rights, Memberof the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD),President of the International Coordination Committee for NationalHuman Rights Institutions (ICC) came to Beijing to participate in aseminar, during which he was interviewed by our staff reporter Wang Yanbing. Following is his viewpoints of human rights issues.
文摘Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.
文摘The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100%renewable energy generation by 2050.A major challenge is balancing load and generation.In addition,the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility,so-called indirect electric energy storage options,are investigated.A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.
基金supported by the BuildCOM project,funded by the Danish Energy Agency under the Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program(EUDP),ID number:64019-0081.
文摘Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems(BACS)provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different systems.In this regard,building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential improvements.While there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics,very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation patterns.This lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the eu.bac System methodology in a university office building.The building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class E.Two BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated,and energy savings up to 28.5%are reported.The preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope upgrade.In addition,the impact of the eu.bac System improvements and labeling on the building’s classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is evaluated.The study discusses the feasibility of eu.bac System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests improvements.It also correlates and compares the eu.bac System audit to the upcoming European SRI instrument.In light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector,ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great importance.Thus,a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and evaluation methodology will be a crucial part of buildings’initial and retro-commissioning platforms.
