The present study examined changes in retinal tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in rats having undergone optic nerve transection and housed under a normal day/night cycle or in the dark. The aim was to investigat...The present study examined changes in retinal tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in rats having undergone optic nerve transection and housed under a normal day/night cycle or in the dark. The aim was to investigate the effects of amacrine cells on axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells and on the synapses that transmit visual signals. The results revealed that retinal TH expression gradually decreased following optic nerve transection in rats housed under a normal day/night cycle reaching a minimum at 5 days. In contrast, retinal TH expression decreased to a minimum at 1 day following optic nerve transection in dark reared rats, gradually increasing afterward and reaching a normal level at 5 7 days. The number of TH-positive synaptic particles correlated with the TH levels indicating that dark rearing can help maintain TH expression during the synaptic degeneration stage （5 7 days after optic nerve injury） in retinal amacrine cells.展开更多
The TiO2 nanoporous film photoelectrode, as a crucial component of dye-sensitized solar cells, has been investigated. The photovoltaic properties and the dark current were studied by two surface modification methods. ...The TiO2 nanoporous film photoelectrode, as a crucial component of dye-sensitized solar cells, has been investigated. The photovoltaic properties and the dark current were studied by two surface modification methods. One was to apply a compact layer between the conductive glass substrate and nanoporous TiO2 film. Another was to produce TiO2 nanoparticles among the microstructure by TICl4 treatment. A suitable concentration and number of times for TICl4 treatment were found in our experiment. The dark current is suppressed by surface modifications, leading to a significant improvement in the solar cells performance. An excessive concentration of TICl4 will produce more surface states and introduce a larger dark current reversely. The dye is also regarded as a source of charge recombination in dark to some extent, due to an amount of surface protonations introduced by the interracial link in the conductive glass substrate/dye interface and dye/TiO2 interface.展开更多
Herein we propose a new equivalent circuit including double heterojunctions in series to simulate the current–voltage characteristic of P–I–N planar structure perovskite solar cells. This new method can theoretical...Herein we propose a new equivalent circuit including double heterojunctions in series to simulate the current–voltage characteristic of P–I–N planar structure perovskite solar cells. This new method can theoretically solve the dilemma of the parameter diode ideal factor being larger than2 from an ideal single heterojunction equivalent circuit,which usually is in the range from 1 to 2. The diode ideal factor reflects PN junction quality, which influences the recombination at electron transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer interface. Based on the double PN junction equivalent circuit, we can also simulate the dark current–voltage curve for analyzing recombination current(Shockley–Read–Hall recombination) and diffusion current(including direct recombination), and thus carrier recombination and transportation characteristics. This new model offers an efficacious and simple method to investigate interfaces condition, film quality of perovskite absorbing layer and performance of transport layer, helping us furtherimprove the device efficiency and analyze the working mechanism.展开更多
A successful design, previously adapted for treatment of complex wastewaters in a microbial fuel cell(MFC),was used to fabricate two MFCs, with a few changes for cost reduction and ease of construction. Performance an...A successful design, previously adapted for treatment of complex wastewaters in a microbial fuel cell(MFC),was used to fabricate two MFCs, with a few changes for cost reduction and ease of construction. Performance and electrochemical characteristics of MFCs were evaluated in different environmental conditions(in complete darkness and presence of light), and different flow patterns of batch and continuous in four hydraulic retention times from 8 to 30 h. Changes in chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations were evaluated. In contrast to the microbial fuel cell operated in darkness(D-MFC) with a stable open circuit voltage of 700 mV, presence of light led to growth of other species, and consecutively low and unsteady open circuit voltage. Although the performance of the MFC subjected to light(L-MFC) was quite low and unsteady in dynamic state(internal resistance = 100 Ω, power density = 5.15 W·m^(-3)), it reached power density of 9.2 W·m^(-3) which was close to performance of D-MFC(internal resistance = 50 Ω, power density = 10.3 W·m^(-3)).Evaluated only for D-MFC, the coulombic efficiency observed in batch mode(30%) was quite higher than the maximum acquired in continuous mode(9.6%) even at the highest hydraulic retention time. In this study,changes in phosphate and different types of nitrogen existing in dairy wastewater were investigated for the first time. At hydraulic retention time of 8 h, the orthophosphate concentration in effluent was 84% higher compared to influent. Total nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were reduced 70% and 99% respectively at hydraulic retention time of 30 h, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased. The microbial electrolysis cell(MEC), revamped from D-MFC, showed the maximum gas production of 0.2 m^3 H_2·m^(-3)·d^(-1) at 700 mV applied voltage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Influence of visual deprivation on bipolar cell synaptic formation and degeneration following opticnerve transection), No. 30671100
文摘The present study examined changes in retinal tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in rats having undergone optic nerve transection and housed under a normal day/night cycle or in the dark. The aim was to investigate the effects of amacrine cells on axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells and on the synapses that transmit visual signals. The results revealed that retinal TH expression gradually decreased following optic nerve transection in rats housed under a normal day/night cycle reaching a minimum at 5 days. In contrast, retinal TH expression decreased to a minimum at 1 day following optic nerve transection in dark reared rats, gradually increasing afterward and reaching a normal level at 5 7 days. The number of TH-positive synaptic particles correlated with the TH levels indicating that dark rearing can help maintain TH expression during the synaptic degeneration stage （5 7 days after optic nerve injury） in retinal amacrine cells.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2006CB202600） the Natural Science Foundation of Nantong University （No. 06Z120）+1 种基金 the Fund for High Technology Research of Jiangsu Province （No. BG2005022） ＂The Six Top Talents Project＂ of Jiangsu
文摘The TiO2 nanoporous film photoelectrode, as a crucial component of dye-sensitized solar cells, has been investigated. The photovoltaic properties and the dark current were studied by two surface modification methods. One was to apply a compact layer between the conductive glass substrate and nanoporous TiO2 film. Another was to produce TiO2 nanoparticles among the microstructure by TICl4 treatment. A suitable concentration and number of times for TICl4 treatment were found in our experiment. The dark current is suppressed by surface modifications, leading to a significant improvement in the solar cells performance. An excessive concentration of TICl4 will produce more surface states and introduce a larger dark current reversely. The dye is also regarded as a source of charge recombination in dark to some extent, due to an amount of surface protonations introduced by the interracial link in the conductive glass substrate/dye interface and dye/TiO2 interface.
基金the 973 Program of China(No.2014CB643506 and 2013CB922104)the China Scholarship Council(No.201506165038)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673091)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.ZRZ2015000203)Technology Creative Project of Excellent Middle and Young Team of Hubei Province(No.T201511)the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(2015KF18)is acknowledged
文摘Herein we propose a new equivalent circuit including double heterojunctions in series to simulate the current–voltage characteristic of P–I–N planar structure perovskite solar cells. This new method can theoretically solve the dilemma of the parameter diode ideal factor being larger than2 from an ideal single heterojunction equivalent circuit,which usually is in the range from 1 to 2. The diode ideal factor reflects PN junction quality, which influences the recombination at electron transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer interface. Based on the double PN junction equivalent circuit, we can also simulate the dark current–voltage curve for analyzing recombination current(Shockley–Read–Hall recombination) and diffusion current(including direct recombination), and thus carrier recombination and transportation characteristics. This new model offers an efficacious and simple method to investigate interfaces condition, film quality of perovskite absorbing layer and performance of transport layer, helping us furtherimprove the device efficiency and analyze the working mechanism.
基金supported by Sharif University of Technology,Vice President for Research Grant G930111
文摘A successful design, previously adapted for treatment of complex wastewaters in a microbial fuel cell(MFC),was used to fabricate two MFCs, with a few changes for cost reduction and ease of construction. Performance and electrochemical characteristics of MFCs were evaluated in different environmental conditions(in complete darkness and presence of light), and different flow patterns of batch and continuous in four hydraulic retention times from 8 to 30 h. Changes in chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations were evaluated. In contrast to the microbial fuel cell operated in darkness(D-MFC) with a stable open circuit voltage of 700 mV, presence of light led to growth of other species, and consecutively low and unsteady open circuit voltage. Although the performance of the MFC subjected to light(L-MFC) was quite low and unsteady in dynamic state(internal resistance = 100 Ω, power density = 5.15 W·m^(-3)), it reached power density of 9.2 W·m^(-3) which was close to performance of D-MFC(internal resistance = 50 Ω, power density = 10.3 W·m^(-3)).Evaluated only for D-MFC, the coulombic efficiency observed in batch mode(30%) was quite higher than the maximum acquired in continuous mode(9.6%) even at the highest hydraulic retention time. In this study,changes in phosphate and different types of nitrogen existing in dairy wastewater were investigated for the first time. At hydraulic retention time of 8 h, the orthophosphate concentration in effluent was 84% higher compared to influent. Total nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were reduced 70% and 99% respectively at hydraulic retention time of 30 h, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased. The microbial electrolysis cell(MEC), revamped from D-MFC, showed the maximum gas production of 0.2 m^3 H_2·m^(-3)·d^(-1) at 700 mV applied voltage.
