Theory and practice of urban spatial planning in big data era- Taking Hunan as an example

In recent years, the rapid development of information and communication technologies accelerates the arrival of the big data era. But it still needs to be explored further for what large data brought on the impact of urban planning and how to respond to the implementation and formation of urban planning to the end. We will research from two aspects of the practice study and formation of urban planning in Hunan to discuss based on brief review of research about urban space big data era.

Decadal trends in precipitable water vapor over the Indus River Basin using ERA5 reanalysis data

Precipitable Water Vapor(PWV)constitutes a pivotal parameter within the domains of atmospheric science,and remote sensing due to its profound influence on Earth’s climate dynamics and weather patterns.It exerts a significant impact on atmospheric stability absorption and emission of radiation,thus engendering alterations in the Earth’s radiative equilibrium.As such,precise quantification of PWV holds the potential to enhance weather prognostication and fortify preparedness against severe meteorological phenomena.This study aimed to elucidate the spatial and temporal changes in seasonal and annual PWV across the Indus River Basin and its sub-basins using ERA5 reanalysis datasets.The present study used ERA5 PWV(entire atmospheric column),air temperature at 2 m(t2m)and 500 hPa(T_500hPa),evapotranspiration,and total cloud cover data from 1960 to 2021.Theil Sen slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test were used for trend analysis.Correlation and multiple regression methods were used to understand the association of PWV with other factors.The findings have unveiled the highest increase in mean PWV during the monsoon(0.40 mm/decade),followed by premonsoon(0.37 mm/decade),post-monsoon(0.27 mm/decade),and winter(0.19 mm/decade)throughout the study period.Additionally,the mean PWV exhibited the most pronounced positive trend in the sub-basin Lower Indus(LI),followed by Panjnad(P),Kabul(K),and Upper Indus(UI)across all seasons,except winter.Annual PWV has also risen in the Indus basin and its sub-basins over the last six decades.PWV exhibits a consistent upward trend up to an elevation of 3500 m within the basin which is most pronounced during the monsoon season,followed by the pre-monsoon.The escalating PWV within the basin is reasonably ascribed to increasing air temperatures,augmented evapotranspiration,and heightened cloud cover.These findings hold potential utility for pertinent authorities engaged in water resource management and planning.

The Path to Reshaping the Structure and Chain System of the Publishing Industry in the Era of Big Data

Today,we are living in the era of“big data”where massive amounts of data are used for quantitative decisions and communication management.With the continuous penetration of big data-based intelligent technology in all fields of human life,the enormous commercial value inherent in the data industry has become a crucial force that drives the aggregation of new industries.For the publishing industry,the introduction of big data and relevant intelligent technologies,such as data intelligence analysis and scenario services,into the structure and value system of the publishing industry,has become an effective path to expanding and reshaping the demand space of publishing products,content decisions,workflow chain,and marketing direction.In the integration and reconstruction of big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,and other related technologies,it is expected that a generalized publishing industry pattern dominated by virtual interaction will be formed in the future.

Continuous land cover change monitoring in the remote sensing big data era

Since the late 20th century,global change issues have attracted lots of attention.As a key component of global changes,land cover and land use information has been increasingly important for improved understanding of global environmental changes and feedbacks between social and environmental systems（Verburg et al.,2015）.

基于ERA5海浪再分析数据的风浪涌浪分离方法

为了探究和分析海浪中的主要成分,本文基于ERA5海浪再分析数据,依据能量因子分离风、涌浪的原理,研究了风、涌浪的平均波周期与风速的分布规律。利用最小二乘拟合方法,提出了一种分离风、涌浪的方法,并将其命名为TU方法。通过将TU方法与波龄方法进行比较分析,验证TU方法的可行性和可靠性。结果显示:在本文的研究区域中,TU方法与波龄方法识别风浪的正确率为98.57%和98.55%,TU方法与波龄方法识别涌浪的正确率为78.9%和65.1%,表明根据风速与平均波周期2个参数识别涌浪,TU方法效果比波龄方法更好。对高度计等缺少风向信息情况下分离风浪与涌浪有着重要的意义。

Data-driven Discovery: A New Era of Exploiting the Literature and Data

In the current data-intensive era, the traditional hands-on method of conducting scientific research by exploring related publications to generate a testable hypothesis is well on its way of becoming obsolete within just a year or two. Analyzing the literature and data to automatically generate a hypothesis might become the de facto approach to inform the core research efforts of those trying to master the exponentially rapid expansion of publications and datasets. Here, viewpoints are provided and discussed to help the understanding of challenges of data-driven discovery.

Applicability analysis of the sea surface pressure and wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data in the Bohai Sea and the Northern Huanghai Seas

A preliminarily assessment of the applicability of the sea surface pressure and wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data is carried out using the observation data at 10 m height observation data of 9 buoys in the Bohai Sea and the Northern Huanghai Sea.The results show that:the sea surface pressure and wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data has high correlation coefficients with the observation data,the correlation between sea surface pressure and wind speed is different in different time scales.The correlation of monthly average is better than that of daily average and daily extreme value,and the correlation coefficient is the lowest in extreme weather.In generally,the deviation between statistical products of the ERA5 and the observed products is negative.It means that the high pressure is weaker than the observed data,and the low pressure is stronger than the observed data,and there is some systematic deviation between ERA5 reanalysis data and the observed data.The deviation varies with the different wind speed level,when the wind is high,the reanalysis wind speed is generally less than the measured.By analyzing the monthly average data,the reanalysis data reveal the seasonal variation of sea surface pressure in the study area,and the deviation from the observed data also show seasonal variation characteristics,the applicability in winter is better than in summer.The error of reanalysis data of sea surface pressure and wind speed is large under extreme weather conditions,especially the typhoon process,further evaluation and revision of the data are needed.

ERA-interim气温、土壤温度再分析数据在青海东部农业区的适用性评估

利用1999—2018年逐月ERA-interim再分析数据,选取青海省东部农业区的15个气象站点平均气温和土壤温度,采用误差和相关性分析,对比两种资料时间和站点空间变化规律,并对ERA-interim再分析资料的准确性进行验证评估。结果表明:ERA-interim再分析数据平均气温、5和15 cm土壤温度均低于观测值,分别偏低3.5、4.3和4.5℃;观测值与订正前后的再分析资料月际和季节变化基本一致,空间变化均表现出从东南部向西北部减小的趋势,而且最大值和最小值出现的站点完全一致。近20年来,观测值与再分析资料平均气温均呈现上升趋势,5和15 cm土壤温度观测值表现为升高趋势,而再分析数据呈减小趋势。与订正前相比,订正后的再分析资料与观测值的平均偏差和均方根误差明显减小,同时平均偏差和均方根误差年际变化均呈先增大后减小的趋势。年内平均偏差和均方根误差均呈现“M”型,最大值均出现在4月,最小值出现在12或1月。东部农业区地形复杂、海拔高度差异是再分析资料比观测值偏低的主要原因,利用回归方程实现平均气温和土壤温度再分析数据的订正,有效降低了ERA-interim再分析数据的偏差,提高再分析数据评估的准确性,提升再分析资料对青海省东部农业区农时农事服务及评估。

Broadband Mobile Data Service Era is Coming

For China’s telecom industry,2009 is destined to be an extraordinary year due to the approach of long-thirsted-for mobile 3G era,which will have significant impact on current work and lifestyles.2009 will also be a year full of opportunities and challenges because the coming 3G era will bring limitless business opportunities and impose more challenges on Chinese telecom operators.The reshuffling of Chinese telecom markets has been brought to an end.The new China Unicom,China Mobile and China Telecom all focus their strategies on broadband mobile data services in order to achieve the objective of a smooth transforming from voice services to data services.Technologically,various 3G technologies and their evolutions become great concerns of telecom operators;while in terms of services,the key for 3G systems is their data services.As a result,high speed broadband data services see an era of rapid development.

ERA-Interim和ERA5再分析风资料在中国近海的适用性对比研究

全球再分析海面风资料在波浪模拟和风能资源评估等研究中发挥着重要作用,但风场资料种类繁多,且准确性在不同海域差异较大,使用时需要进行适用性分析。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5和ERA-Interim再分析风场,利用多个站点的实测数据,分析了其在中国近海的适用性,并将再分析风场输入FVCOM-SWAVE波浪模型,对比了它们在常风天和台风天对波浪模拟的效果。结果表明:(1)常风天条件下ERA5和ERA-Interim资料在中国近海表现相似,风速较实测值略偏大,均能基本反映海表面风场变化和平均风速分布,吻合度指标在各站点均超过0.9;(2)ERA5对台风的模拟显著优于ERA-Interim,能较好模拟台风风速结构,对不同台风模拟精度差异大,整体上会低估台风风速;(3)风场质量是造成波浪模拟误差的主要原因之一,ERA5和ERA-Interim均能较好地模拟常海况下的波浪变化情况,而在台风浪的模拟中ERA5更优,“双台风”现象对风速和波浪的模拟准确度影响大。

Exploitable wave energy assessment based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data—A case study in the East China Sea and the South China Sea

Wave energy resources assessment is a very important process before the exploitation and utilization of the wave energy. At present, the existing wave energy assessment is focused on theoretical wave energy conditions for interesting areas. While the evaluation for exploitable wave energy conditions is scarcely ever performed. Generally speaking, the wave energy are non-exploitable under a high sea state and a lower sea state which must be ignored when assessing wave energy. Aiming at this situation, a case study of the East China Sea and the South China Sea is performed. First, a division basis between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy is studied. Next, based on recent 20 a ERA-Interim wave field data, some indexes including the spatial and temporal distribution of wave power density, a wave energy exploitable ratio, a wave energy level, a wave energy stability, a total wave energy density, the seasonal variation of the total wave energy and a high sea condition frequency are calculated. And then the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are compared each other; the distributions of the exploitable wave energy are assessed and a regional division for exploitable wave energy resources is carried out; the influence of the high sea state is evaluated. The results show that considering collapsing force of the high sea state and the utilization efficiency for wave energy, it is determined that the energy by wave with a significant wave height being not less 1 m or not greater than 4 m is the exploitable wave energy. Compared with the theoretical wave energy, the average wave power density, energy level, total wave energy density and total wave energy of the exploitable wave energy decrease obviously and the stability enhances somewhat. Pronounced differences between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are present. In the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the areas of an abundant and stable exploitable wave energy are primarily located in the north-central part of the South China Sea, the Luzon Strait, east of Taiwan, China and north of Ryukyu Islands; annual average exploitable wave power density values in these areas are approximately 10-15 kW/m; the exploitable coefficient of variation （COV） and seasonal variation （SV） values in these areas are less than 1.2 and 1, respectively. Some coastal areas of the Beibu Gulf, the Changjiang Estuary, the Hangzhou Bay and the Zhujiang Estuary are the poor areas of the wave energy. The areas of the high wave energy exploitable ratio is primarily in nearshore waters. The influence of the high sea state for the wave energy in nearshore waters is less than that in offshore waters. In the areas of the abundant wave energy, the influence of the high sea state for the wave energy is prominent and the utilization of wave energy is relatively difficult. The developed evaluation method may give some references for an exploitable wave energy assessment and is valuable for practical applications.

Study on the Applicability of ERA5 Reanalysis Data at Lake Taihu

Lakes are an important component of the earth climate system. They play an important role in the study of basin weather forecasting, air quality forecasting, and regional climate research. The accuracy of driving variables is the basic premise to ensure the rationality of lake mode simulation. Based on the in-situ observations at Bifenggang site of the Lake Taihu Eddy flux Network from 2012 to 2017, this paper investigated temporal variations in temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, radiation components at different time scales (hourly, seasonal and interannual). ERA5 reanalysis data were compared with in-situ observation to quantify the error and evaluate the performance of reanalysis data. The results show that: 1) On the hourly scale, the ERA5 reanalysis data described air temperature, and downward long-wave radiation more accurately. 2) On the seasonal variation scale, the ERA5 reanalysis data described air temperature, and downward long-wave radiation more accurately. However, the descriptions of wind speed, relative humidity and downward short-wave have large deviations. 3) On the interannual scale, the ERA5 reanalysis data show a good performance for temperature, followed by downward longwave radiation, downward shortwave radiation and relative humidity.

Preliminary assessment of ERA5 wind data in Jiangsu sea area

ERA5 data and station observation data are both of great importance in studying the regional meteorological and environmental characteristics.The accuracy of ERA5 reanalysis wind field data was evaluated using observations at five offshore platforms in Jiangsu sea area in this study.Results revealed that ERA5 wind speed was generally in reasonable agreement with that observed at each station,and that the accuracy of ERA5 wind speed data was significant better than that of wind direction.The consistency of wind direction between ERA5 and each observation station was better in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer.With increasing wind speed,the mean absolute error and root mean squared error between the ERA5 and observed wind speed(direction)data increased(decreased)obviously.During periods of typhoon,ERA5 wind data were largely consistent with observational data in terms of increasing wind speed and changing wind direction;however,the ERA5 wind speeds were slightly low.The findings of this study could provide a basis for the application and further research of ERA5 wind data in Jiangsu offshore sea area.

数智时代人文社科数据资源开发利用的跃迁:从观念到行动

近年来数据资源开发利用的热潮已然在人文社科领域扩散开来,人文社科的数据资源观正在从传统的有限样本资料、“小数据”向大数据、智慧数据转变。针对当前人文社科数据资源开发利用仍然存在的“保护”“深闺”“孤岛”“同质”“展示”现象,本文构建了以主体层、内容层、保障层为核心的人文社科数据资源开发利用路径框架:主体层强调顶层规划主体、建库主体、数据用户之间的协同合作;内容层凸显逻辑维、资源维、方法维、验证维的组合路径;保障层涉及政策法规、资金项目、人才资源、文化氛围等保障措施。面向未来,人文社科数据资源开发利用需要积极打造人文社科数据资源“治理术”,在基本理念上需要从“资源基础论”向“治理能力论”转变,在具体行动上可从数据基础设施体系搭建、多学科数据资源共生共长机制构建、数据资源产权与安全有效保护、基于数据资源的服务链建构等方面着力推进。图1。参考文献15。

大数据背景下全科医学信息课程改革的必要性及策略

大数据在医疗领域快速发展,无论从世界医疗科技趋势、国家政策方针,还是市场效益、工作效率上来看,大数据对全科医学是非常重要的。基于大数据技术的人工智能在全科领域应用广泛,如学生的校园管理、全科医疗服务、全科医生的规范化培训及继续教育等。同时医疗大数据又涉及到国家安全及个人隐私等道德法律问题。目前全科医学本科的信息课程缺乏大数据的内容,没有跟上医学信息发展形势。分析大数据背景下全科医学信息课程改革的背景、作用与意义,并分析全科医学信息的教育现状、发展及趋势,对课程改革的策略进行探讨,从而提供对全科医学信息课程改革具有帮助的意见和建议。

An ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach for improving GNSS precise point positioning

Precise Point Positioning(PPP) technology has developed into a potent instrument for geodetic positioning, ionospheric modeling, tropospheric atmospheric parameter detection, and seismic monitoring.As atmospheric reanalysis data products’ accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution have improved recently, it has become important to apply these products to obtain high-accuracy tropospheric delay parameters, like zenith tropospheric delay(ZTD) and tropospheric horizontal gradient. These tropospheric delay parameters can be applied to PPP to reduce the convergence time and to increase the accuracy in the vertical direction of the position. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5(ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis data is the latest product with a high spatiotemporal resolution released by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF). Only a few researches have evaluated the application of ERA5 data to Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)PPP. Therefore, this study compared and validated the ZTD products derived from ERA5 data using ZTD values provided by 290 global International GNSS Service(IGS) stations for 2016-2017. The results indicated a stable performance for ZTD, with annual average bias and RMS values of 0.23 cm and 1.09 cm,respectively. Further, GNSS observations for one week in each of the four seasons(spring: DOY 92-98;summer: DOY 199-205;autumn: DOY 275-281;and winter: DOY 22-28) from 34 multi-GNSS experiments(MGEX) stations distributed globally in 2016 were considered to evaluate the performance of ERA5-derived tropospheric delay products in GNSS PPP. The performance of ERA5-enhanced PPP was compared with that of the two standard GNSS PPP schemes(without estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient and with estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient). The results demonstrated that ERA5-enhanced GNSS PPP showed no significant improvement in the convergence times in both the Eastern(E) and Northern(N) directions, while the average convergence time over four weeks in the vertical(U)direction improved by 53.3% and 52.7%, respectively(in the case of pngm station). The average convergence times for each week in the U direction of the northern and southern hemisphere stations indicated a decrease of 16.3%, 12.6%, 9.6%, and 9.1%, and 16.9%, 9.6%, 8.9%, and 14.5%, respectively.Regarding positioning accuracy, ERA5-enhanced PPP showed an improvement of 13.3% and 16.2% over the two standard PPP schemes in the U direction, respectively. No significant improvement in the positioning performance was observed in both the E and N directions. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential application of the ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach to Beidou navigation and positioning.

理念、实践与风险:大数据时代国外档案数据治理研究述评

论文从多维视角探讨国外档案数据治理研究的最新进展,旨在把握大数据时代国外档案数据治理的本质内涵与工具体系。首先,在理念上侧重于探讨大数据环境下文档概念和来源原则的适用性,阐释了档案数据治理的兴起及其表现;其次,注重从技术与战略的视角分析档案数据治理实践特征,尤其关注电子治理、IT治理、信息治理等不同话语下档案数据治理机制及其适用性;最后,在风险层面集中探讨了档案数据开放与服务活动的信任危机表征及解决策略,而社会大众数据保存热潮及催生的数据行动主义研究尤为引人瞩目。保持坚守与发展间的动态平衡,始终是国外学者开展档案数据治理理论与实践探索的基本准则。

大数据时代地理信息科学专业创新教育改革探索与实践

大数据为新时代高校专业创新教育带来了全新机遇与挑战。本文以地理信息科学专业为例,系统剖析并总结了当前我国高校创新教育现状及其面临的主要挑战,对大数据时代地理信息科学专业创新教育改革进行了探索与实践,具体围绕创新理念渗透、创新意识提升、创新思维培养与创新能力考核,提出了高校创新教育改革新举措,可为全面构建高校创新教育体系提供参考。

机械加工质量预测研究现状与发展趋势

机械加工质量预测是智能制造的重要组成内容,也是实现质量闭环控制的前提条件,对推动智能制造系统真正落地应用具有极其重要的作用.在对机械加工质量预测的历史进行简要回顾时发现,学者多将研究重点放在机床某一关键部件对加工质量影响的机理研究,却鲜见部件耦合影响的关联性研究.基于上述难题,本文首先剖析影响机械加工质量的7类要素,包括刀具几何参数、切削参数、切削液类型、热误差与热变形、数控机床零部件性能退化、切削颤振以及系统特性;随后,根据各要素数据种类和测量方式的不同,将机械加工质量监测与预测方法划分为4大类,包括机器视觉测量、功率测量、振动测量以及其他测量方法,并对各方法的技术特点、局限性和发展动态进行了阐述;最后,考虑各机械加工质量监测与预测方法的不足,指出材料切削机制研究、数据质量评估方法、面向工业现场数据库构建的标准以及质量预测信息的智能表征与可视化等方面可能是未来的发展趋势.