Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies

Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.

Commentary on:“Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies”

Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.

我国遗产型景区“平台(platform)+数据(data)+标准(standard)”管服体系构建初探

探索构建我国遗产型景区“平台(platform)+数据(data)+标准(standard)”管服体系是深入贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神,推进科技治理体系和遗产型景区管理能力现代化发展的重要实践。随着文化旅游产业蓬勃发展,针对国家和地方遗产型景区管理现状,构建符合我国遗产型景区科技创新规律、适应遗产型景区新需求的科技创新管理体系,成为国家、省、市、区县中各类遗产型景区优化管理资源的重要途径。本文通过论述大数据、云计算、人工智能等相关技术,设计“横向到边、纵向到底”的总体建设思路,旨在构建统一标准、信息统筹、资源共享、监测预警、管理优化、决策支持等功能于一体的系统运行体系,为政府推动遗产型景区管理创新制定有效措施提出建议。

Obtaining 2D Soil Resistance Profiles from the Integration of Electrical Resistivity Data and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Light Dynamic Penetrometer (DPL) Resistance Tests—Applications in Mass Movements Studies

In Brazil and various regions globally, the initiation of landslides is frequently associated with rainfall;yet the spatial arrangement of geological structures and stratification considerably influences landslide occurrences. The multifaceted nature of these influences makes the surveillance of mass movements a highly intricate task, requiring an understanding of numerous interdependent variables. Recent years have seen an emergence in scholarly research aimed at integrating geophysical and geotechnical methodologies. The conjoint examination of geophysical and geotechnical data offers an enhanced perspective into subsurface structures. Within this work, a methodology is proposed for the synchronous analysis of electrical resistivity geophysical data and geotechnical data, specifically those extracted from the Light Dynamic Penetrometer (DPL) and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). This study involved a linear fitting process to correlate resistivity with N10/SPT N-values from DPL/SPT soundings, culminating in a 2D profile of N10/SPT N-values predicated on electrical profiles. The findings of this research furnish invaluable insights into slope stability by allowing for a two-dimensional representation of penetration resistance properties. Through the synthesis of geophysical and geotechnical data, this project aims to augment the comprehension of subsurface conditions, with potential implications for refining landslide risk evaluations. This endeavor offers insight into the formulation of more effective and precise slope management protocols and disaster prevention strategies.

Unexpected Twinning and Phase-Transition of the Indentation Standards, Their Transition Energies, and Scientific Dichotomy

The general use of aluminium as an indentation standard for the iteration of contact heights for the determination of ISO-14577 hardness and elastic modulus is challenged because of as yet not appreciated phase-changes in the physical force-depth standard curve that seemed to be secured by claims from 1992. The physical and mathematical analyses with closed formulas avoid the still world-wide standardized energy-law violation by not reserving 33.33% (h2 belief) (or 20% h3/2 physical law) of the loading force and thus energy for all not depth producing events but using 100% for the depth formation is a severe violation of the energy law. The not depth producing part of the indentation work cannot be done with zero energy! Both twinning and structural phase-transition onsets and normalized phase-transition energies are now calculated without iterations but with physically correct closed arithmetic equations. These are reported for Berkovich and cubecorner indentations, including their comparison on geometric grounds and an indentation standard without mechanical twinning is proposed. Characteristic data are reported. This is the first detection of the indentation twinning of aluminium at room temperature and the mechanical twinning of fused quartz is also new. Their disqualification as indentation standards is established. Also, the again found higher load phase-transitions disqualify aluminium and fused quartz as ISO-ASTM 14577 (International Standardization Organization and American Society for Testing and Materials) standards for the contact depth “hc” iterations. The incorrect and still world-wide used black-box values for H- and Er-values (the latter are still falsely called “Young’s moduli” even though they are not directional) and all mechanical properties that depend on them. They lack relation to bulk moduli from compression experiments. Experimentally obtained and so published force vs depth parabolas always follow the linear FN = kh3/2 + Fa equation, where Fa is the axis-cut before and after the phase-transition branches (never “h2” as falsely enforced and used for H, Er and giving incorrectly calculated parameters). The regression slopes k are the precise physical hardness values, which for the first time allow for precise calculation of the mechanical qualities by indentation in relation to the geometry of the indenter tip. Exactly 20% of the applied force and thus energy is not available for the indentation depth. Only these scientific k-values must be used for AI-advises at the expense of falsely iterated indentation hardness H-values. Any incorrect H-ISO-ASTM and also the iterated Er-ISO-ASTM modulus values of technical materials in artificial intelligence will be a disaster for the daily safety. The AI must be told that these are unscientific and must therefore be replaced by physical data. Iterated data (3 and 8 free parameters!) cannot be transformed into physical data. One has to start with real experimental loading curves and an absolute ZerodurR standard that must be calibrated with standard force and standard length to create absolute indentation results. .

Multi-mode process monitoring based on a novel weighted local standardization strategy and support vector data description

There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.

Reflections on Applications of International Standards for Financial Data Exchange in China Securities and Futures Markets

1.1. Development of international data exchange standards in securities field Securities market involves a large number of participants, like investors, securities companies, exchanges, clearingcorporations and so on. Businesses among the participants are completed via data exchange. Therefore, the data exchange protocols serve an important factor to determine and promote the sate and rapid development of the securities market.

数据要素在医疗健康领域的内涵、价值与应用

十七部门联合发布的《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》引发了社会的广泛关注。本文首先探讨医疗健康领域数据要素的本质、分类及其重要性。在此基础上,提出促进医疗健康数据融合创新的关键策略,包括通过技术赋能医疗健康数据的采集,推动医疗健康数据的整合与标准化工作,促进医疗健康数据的开放和共享,以及加强对医疗健康数据的安全保护。

基于多源数据的长江流域1982—2022年骤旱事件时空演变

骤发性干旱(简称骤旱)是一种突发性高且强度大的极端干旱现象,会对农业生产和生态系统构成严重威胁。近年来,长江流域骤旱频发,然而其骤旱时空演变格局及规律尚不明晰。本研究基于GLEAM、GLDAS和ERA5-Land数据,以标准化蒸发胁迫比及其变化值作为识别指标,开展1982—2022年长江流域骤旱识别,全面分析长江流域骤旱空间分布和时间演变特征;并鉴于2022年旱情的严重性和特殊性,重点分析该年长江流域骤旱事件。研究结果表明:①在空间分布上,长江流域上游的金沙江水系和中下游的大型水库湖泊骤旱发生频率最高且强度最大;②在时间演变上,骤旱发生频率、平均持续时间和强度均在长江流域整体上呈现出非显著上升趋势,而有显著变化趋势的区域在2001年前后表现出明显的趋势反转现象;③2022年夏季受极端高温热浪影响,长江流域遭遇大规模骤旱事件,具有波及范围广、持续时间长的特点,且骤旱在空间上呈现出从上游向下游传递的态势。

中国石油井下作业数字化监督发展问题与对策

阐述了中国石油井下作业数字化监督在监督人员数字化管理、施工队伍数字化监督、施工作业数字化监督、井场环境数字化监督4个方面的发展现状。分析了井下作业数字化监督发展面临数字化监督管理制度不健全、监督数据标准不统一、数字化智能监督技术不完善、缺少统一的数字化智能监督平台、监督数据价值挖掘不深入5个方面的主要问题。提出了制定井下作业数字化监督管理制度、建立井下作业监督数据标准、攻关数字化智能监督关键技术、研发井下作业数字化智能监督平台、提升监督大数据分析应用水平5项数字化监督发展对策。展望了井下作业数字化监督建设发展后在提升监督人员履职效率、降低监督人力资源成本、提升工程质量、保障施工安全与环保4个方面的预期成效。

《中医药数据资源元数据》规范

《中医药数据资源元数据》的发布可为中医药数据资源提供元数据著录规范。通过对国内外相关元数据标准的调研及研究,结合中医药数据资源实际情况,在广泛征求专家意见基础上,制定本规范。本规范规定了中医药数据资源元数据结构,包括元数据子集、元数据实体及元数据元素,用于完整描述中医药数据资源,适用于中医药数据资源的编目、归档、建库、发布、共享、交换与检索等,可以帮助用户从海量数据中发现符合需求的资源,以促进中医药领域数据资源描述的规范化和标准化。

论中国数据跨境制度的现状、问题与纾困路径

中国已经建立了以“安全评估、标准合同、保护认证”为核心、以行业规定为配套的数据跨境制度体系,形成了既保安全又促发展的中国方案。但在具体立法中,该制度在理论与实践上存在双重失衡,在理论上缺乏完善的基础理论支撑,在实践中未能形成系统完整的制度体系,且其在适用关系上出现龃龉,与国际规则之间也存在割裂导致难以衔接,致使数据处理者在合规实践中面临较大成本,难以获得预期成效。不同于美国的“市场话语”和欧盟“权利本位”的数据跨境理论基础,中国应当基于国情明确利益平衡体系下的数据主权理论建构数据出境制度体系,矫正实践中过度保障安全的规制思路,通过单列安全评估、制定行业性与地方性特殊制度等措施,完善相关制度之间、国内法与国际规则之间的适用衔接,着力降低合规成本,保障制度落到实处。

气象业务综合监视数据标准化设计与应用

打造开放的气象综合业务实时监控体系,全面提升气象业务的运行质量与效率是气象信息化发展的重要工作。针对气象综合业务监视范围广泛、内容多样以及传输密集等特性,为实现海量监视数据高效、完整及准确的采集、传输与处理,本文设计了一种基于标准化数据分类的可扩展的监视数据内容模型。该模型对种类繁多的监视数据进行抽象与概括,划分了监视数据的类别;描述了每一类别监视数据的通用属性;同时依据核心监视功能的数据需求,在通用属性的基础上进一步设计了典型的监视数据属性域内容。该模型具备通用性、可扩展性特点,在中国气象局“气象综合业务实时监控系统(天镜)”的建设中得到广泛应用,并在2022年发布为气象行业标准,为国省共有核心监控功能的实现以及各省特有监控范围的扩充提供了有效的监视数据支撑。

大数据分析在医院成本管理中的应用研究

在大数据背景下,医院成本管理普遍存在成本数据缺乏精准性、分析应用能力不足及成本控制手段欠缺等问题,应将大数据分析和医院成本管理有效结合,建立医院成本数据仓库,采用数据挖掘手段分析医疗业务与成本数据的关联性,提高医院成本管理能力,促进医疗业务和财务管理融合,加快医疗行业成本管理的发展。

《真实世界针灸临床研究数据管理规范》的编制与解读

随着中医药标准化进程的不断加快和由于真实世界临床研究理念的影响,越来越多的研究者重视从真实世界获得数据,以解决医学问题。针灸临床试验由于实施盲法存在一定困难,使得随机对照研究并不好开展,因而越来越多地转向真实世界研究。真实世界数据主要来源于医院信息系统数据、登记研究数据、医保支付数据等多个数据源,相较于“金标准”随机对照试验(Randomized Controlled Trial,RCT),真实世界数据在大多数情况下缺乏记录、采集、存储等流程的研究质量控制,数据质量问题严重影响了临床研究结果的可靠性。数据管理是提高数据质量的重要途径,故《真实世界针灸临床研究数据管理规范》的诞生对于真实世界针灸临床研究的规范性具有重要意义。因此,通过详述该规范的编制原则、方法、过程及具体内容和在编制中的思考过程,希望帮助读者深刻理解该规范的内容,将该规范应用于数据管理实践,提高研究数据质量。

铁路物流装卸机械数据平台及配置计算系统研究

随着“一带一路”建设的推进,铁路物流总量和种类日益增多,针对站场装卸机械配置计算的科学性、高效性需求,开展装卸机械数据平台及计算系统研究。提出了装卸机械设备和工程全过程设计数据层次结构,建立了元数据定向驱动和组合标准,嵌入各类装卸机械的配置计算规则,实现了设备选型、配置数量、房屋面积、定员等中间成果的智能计算。采用B/S架构,通过界面、数据库、文件、图形多组件开发技术,开发了网络化的全过程辅助设计系统,搭建项目信息库、知识库、模板库、审核意见库4个标准库,实现对全过程设计数据的记录和管理,智能定制项目的计算标准及设计标准,实现了设计全过程接口资料、投资概算、说明书的标准化输出,革新铁路物流装卸机械配置设计模式。

倡议应用临床数据交换标准协会的治疗领域标准提高中医药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床试验效率

为了更好地促进临床研究数据标准化,临床数据交换标准协会(Clinical data interchange standards consortium,CDISC)建立了一系列临床研究数据标准,并于2016年1月发布了慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称“慢阻肺”)的治疗领域(Therapeutic area,TA)标准。该治疗领域标准用于确定慢阻肺临床研究方案的共性数据标准,支持不同来源、不同时期的临床试验数据整合,促进队列数据的二次分析。该文介绍了慢阻肺治疗领域标准用户指南的结构与内容,以帮助研究人员在研究设计中更好地理解和使用慢阻肺治疗领域标准,倡议应用该治疗领域标准来规范慢阻肺的中医药临床试验设计,以促进研究数据整合,提高临床试验效率。

面向设计研发的核能大数据系统架构及标准化研究

结合核能设计研发基本流程和全生命周期数据特点,开展基于多源异构数据集成的采集、存储、处理、管理、应用等功能需求分析,按照“分层设计”思想和以数据应用为目标的路线,建立核能大数据系统技术架构和数据架构,对架构中的层级、模块、功能进行分析。考虑大数据技术持续应用的特点,基于核能大数据系统架构和技术发展需求,开展标准化研究,提出核能大数据标准体系。该研究为大数据技术在核能设计研发应用提供基础,并为后续开展系统性的核能大数据标准化工作提供技术参考。

Accuracy Assessment and Guidelines for Manual Traffic Counts from Pre-Recorded Video Data

Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.

基于SDES和双轮差错控制的大数据集成安全系统

针对大数据传输中的数据机密性、完整性和数据丢失等问题,提出一种基于简化数据加密标准(Simplified Data Encryption Standard,SDES)和双轮差错控制的大数据集成安全系统。使用SDES加密算法生成加密字符串,并设计意外数据丢失备份系统以提高机密性和防止意外数据丢失。基于双轮差错控制以较低的空间开销控制传输过程中包含的任意数量的离散或连续错误位,基于固定长度编码(Fixed Length Coding,FLC)的无损压缩技术来减少数据开销。该算法具有较高的AE值、熵和压缩百分比,具有提供更高的数据机密性和完整性的潜力。