A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Northeastern Hunan Province, China

We describe a new species from the family Salamandridae from northeastern Hunan Province of China based on morphological and molecular genetic evidences.The new species,Tylototriton liuyangensis,is a member of the T.asperrimus group,and shares a number of similarities with T.wenxianensis and T.broadoridgus.The dorsal surface of the new Tylototriton species is completely black,with nodule-like warts distributed evenly along the lateral margin of dorsal body,and there is no transverse striae between the warts.There are several diagnostic characters of the new species that differ from those of T.wenxianensis and T.broadoridgus as follows：（1）the interorbital space（IOS）is comparatively wide;（2）there is a bony ridge present on the dorsal head surface,running along the upper eyelids;（3）the space between axilla and groin（AGS）is comparatively large,with the mean male AGS approximately equal to 50%of the snout-vent length（SVL）and the mean female AGS being 53%of SVL;and（4）there is a small genital armature on the anterior angle of labial folds present inside the anal fissure of adult males during the breeding season.The result from the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Tylototriton（including the type specimen of the new species）based on the complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial ND2 gene（1035 bp）indicated that the new species was similar to T.wenxianensis,T.dabienicus,and T.broadoridgus,but formed an independent clade.This result was consistent with the morphological analysis above,supporting that the Liuyang Population represented a distinct species.

湖南浏阳大围山繁殖期鸟类物种多样性的动态分析

繁殖期是鸟类生活史的重要阶段,掌握繁殖期鸟类的物种多样性及其种群动态对鸟类保护具有重要意义。2016—2020年,采用样线法在湖南浏阳大围山于每年5月和7月分别开展1次系统的鸟类物种多样性调查。期间共记录到鸟类100种,隶属于10目38科。其中,留鸟73种、夏候鸟22种、冬候鸟2种、旅鸟3种;国家一级重点保护鸟类有1种,即白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti),国家二级重点保护鸟类有白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、黑冠鹃隼(Aviceda leuphotes)、红嘴相思鸟(Leiothrix lutea)等12种。2016—2020年依次记录到鸟类64种、68种、63种、56种和57种。鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数在2018年最高(3.421),在2020年最低(3.062)。年际间鸟类物种组成周转率呈逐年上升趋势,依次为77.27%、81.68%、84.87%和94.69%。调查期内5月的鸟类群落各项多样性指数均值略高于7月。常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林和灌丛是大围山繁殖鸟类最主要的生境,其中常绿-落叶阔叶混交林鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(2.943±0.146)和Pielou指数(0.850±0.020)均最高。结果表明,大围山繁殖鸟类资源丰富且物种多样性较高,但鸟类群落物种组成周转率较高,鸟类物种多样性的动态变化波动较大,并表现出一定的下降趋势,需引起当地野生动物管理部门的重视。

社会主义新农村建设中的传统乡土文化开发——以湖南浏阳为例

通过对湖南省浏阳农村的实地考察,就文化建设中乡土文化问题对农民群体进行社会访谈和问卷调查,分析当前农村传统乡土文化的生存现状。应用SPSS14.0统计软件进行相应数据统计分析。在此基础上提出以乡土文化作开发平台,大力改造乡土文化中的结构和内容,深入挖掘传统文化中的精华成分,将先进文化和乡土文化进行有机结合,构建社会主义新农村文化建设的可持续发展模式。