Nationalist Trends in the Transformation of New Zealand’s Maori Language Policy

Language is an important carrier of human culture and a specific method for communication between humans.It is one of the most important symbols of human identity and flags of dividing group identity.At present,in the modern national state,the government is paying more attention to language policy and being more and more prudent to it.In the process of making and implementing language policy,the government must take into account a range of factors such as the country’s national history,politics,culture,economy,and relations between different social groups.From the mid-nineteenth century,when New Zealand became a British colony,until the mid-twentieth century,the Maori people were inspired to defend their rights and respect for themselves by the rise of Maori nationalist ideology and Maori political radicalism in a struggle that lasted more than 100 years.Until 1994,there were more than 800 kohanga reo,early childhood institutions that established Maori language instruction independent of the school system,and the nationalism drives to revitalize the Maori national language was at its peak.The process of revolution on Maori language policies in New Zealand reflects a trend of nationalist thoughts from Maori becoming more deep.Exploring the process of change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy will help to develop the study of the social history of indigenous peoples during the colonial period and will contribute to the study of the development of colonized countries and regions in the post-colonial period.The change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy has provided an important example of the preservation and revitalization of the indigenous languages of the world’s former colonies,which is of great significance for the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity.

On the Relationship between Chinese Language Education in Malaysia and Indonesia with Their National Conditions

Chinese language education exists in both Malaysia and Indonesia. The commonalities and individualities of the national conditions of both countries have an impact on their Chinese language education. The official languages scripts, and major beliefs of the two countries are quite similar, and under their influence, local Chinese have special expectations for Chinese language education. Compared to Indonesia, Malaysian Chinese have a larger proportion of the population and a tendency towards marriage, which to some extent is more conducive to the Chinese language education of local Chinese. Both countries’ national conditions and personalities have unfavorable factors for local Chinese language education.

Exploring the Reasons for Changes in National Reading Behaviour from the Perspective of Media Environmentalism

In this paper, through the perspective of Merowitz’s media environmentalism, following the research path of media-scene-behaviour, and based on the results of the national reading survey released by the China Press and Publication Research Institute in the past ten years (2013-2022), we analyse the characteristics of national reading behaviours, explore the reasons for the changes in national reading behaviour in terms of technology, media, and scenarios. It also discusses the future trend of national reading behaviour and the promotion of national reading activities, and puts forward certain countermeasures from the government, schools and the society to make joint efforts to promote national reading.

Impact of index admission cholecystectomy vs interval cholecystectomy on readmission rate in acute cholangitis: National Readmission Database survey

BACKGROUND Elective cholecystectomy(CCY)is recommended for patients with gallstone-related acute cholangitis(AC)following endoscopic decompression to prevent recurrent biliary events.However,the optimal timing and implications of CCY remain unclear.AIM To examine the impact of same-admission CCY compared to interval CCY on patients with gallstone-related AC using the National Readmission Database(NRD).METHODS We queried the NRD to identify all gallstone-related AC hospitalizations in adult patients with and without the same admission CCY between 2016 and 2020.Our primary outcome was all-cause 30-d readmission rates,and secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality,length of stay(LOS),and hospitalization cost.RESULTS Among the 124964 gallstone-related AC hospitalizations,only 14.67%underwent the same admission CCY.The all-cause 30-d readmissions in the same admission CCY group were almost half that of the non-CCY group(5.56%vs 11.50%).Patients in the same admission CCY group had a longer mean LOS and higher hospitalization costs attrib-utable to surgery.Although the most common reason for readmission was sepsis in both groups,the second most common reason was AC in the interval CCY group.CONCLUSION Our study suggests that patients with gallstone-related AC who do not undergo the same admission CCY have twice the risk of readmission compared to those who undergo CCY during the same admission.These readmis-sions can potentially be prevented by performing same-admission CCY in appropriate patients,which may reduce subsequent hospitalization costs secondary to readmissions.

Assessing Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon

Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gabon is a reality occurring in almost all protected areas in the country. These conflicts create real threats both for the survival of wildlife species and of human beings. This study was carried out at the periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon. This area is particular of seeing elephants wandering around villages. Respondents for the study were drawn from a wide range of stakeholders (State administrators, farmers and NGOs). Data was collected through administration of structured questionnaires and interview guide on the;socio-economic activities. Crops produced/destroyed. Animals are involved and economic loss is incurred due to conflicts. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and Kobo tool box. For qualitative data chi-square, descriptive statistic and linear regression model were also used. The results of the study showed that the elephants account for (60.1%) of crop destroyed followed by Ungulates (30.4%) and lastly by rodents (0.9%). The economic damage caused by the wildlife to crops valued at 72,084 USD in the zone in 2022. An urgent solution to this conflict is needed because the consequences are visible as well as the illegal repression by communities that have led to poisoning and killing of wildlife in the study area.

Exploring the Forest Cover Changes and Influential Factors of Dongsithouane National Production Forest Area, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR

The Dongsithouane National Production Forest (DNPF) is one of the largest natural forest areas in Savannakhet, Lao PDR, which has been a vital support for the local community’s livelihood, Recently, significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have been observed in this area, leading to a reduction of natural forests. There were two separate methods of this study: firstly, to identify LULC changes across three different periods, spectral imagery from the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) for the years 2001 and 2011, and the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) for 2021 were used as the primary data sources. The satellite images were preprocessed for various forest classes, including pretreatment of the top of atmosphere reflectance by using QGIS software’s semi-automatic classification plug-in (SCP), and ArcGIS was used for post-classification. A supervised classification approach was applied to the satellite images from 2001, 2011, and 2021 to generate diverse maps of LULC. Secondly, a household survey dataset was used to investigate influential factors. Approximately 220 households were interviewed in order to collect socio-economic information (including data on population growth, increased business activities, location of the area, agriculture land expansion, and need for settlement land). Household survey data was analyzed by using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentages, were applied to observe characteristics. Additionally, a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the socioeconomic factors related to LULC change in DNPF. Key findings indicated a decline in natural forest areas within the study site. Specifically, both dry dipterocarp forest (−11.35%) and mixed deciduous forest (−0.18%) decreased from 2001 to 2021. The overall accuracy of the LULC maps was 94%, 86%, and 89% for the years 2001, 2011, and 2021 respectively. In contrast, agricultural land increased significantly by 155.70%, while built-up land, and water bodies increased by 65.54% and 35.33%, respectively. The results also highlighted a significant increase in construction land, up to 65.54%. Furthermore, the study found a correlation between agricultural expansion and a reduction of forest areas, along with an increase in built-up land along the forest areas’ boundaries. Timber exploitation and charcoal production also contributed to the decline in forest cover. The logistic regression model identified significant determinants of LULC change, including the area’s location, agricultural land expansion, increased business activity, and the need for settlement land. These factors have influenced the management of DNPF. Urgent sustainable management practices and actions, including forest ecosystem protection, village agricultural zoning, water source and watershed protection and public awareness, are required to preserve the forest areas of DNPF.

An Appraisal of the Major National Dialogue as a Panacea to the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon

This paper explores the Major National Dialogue organised by Paul Biya from the 30th of September to the 4th of October,2019 as a panacea to the Anglophone.The paper also seeks to find out if this dialogue has been the panacea Cameroonians as a whole and the people of Southern Cameroons in particular have been waiting for to end this conflict.This research uses a qualitative research design.This is because the researcher culled information from Jeune Afrique Economie(2019a),Cameroon Tribune,and from Phoenix.Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data.Descriptive analysis is used to get the views of the public whether the Major National Dialogue was really a panacea to the Anglophone crisis.The analysis revealed that there were two opposing opinions on the holding of this dialogue.The government thinks the dialogue was a panacea to put an end to this crisis because there is ongoing construction work in the war zones,and economic activities have witnessed an increase in the regions as the various production units of the Cameroon Development Corporation(CDC)and Pamol plantations have regained agricultural activities.The Ndawara tea estate now functions without problems.Trans-border trade is on the rise and transportation is fluid,except in the rural areas where the state of the road network is poor to name but these.On the other hand,politicians,political parties like the Social Democratic Front,activists,religious leaders,the affected populations,and Cameroonians at large think that the Major National Dialogue was a monologue and therefore was bound to fail because first,key actors arrested and detained in connection to this crisis were not part of this dialogue.For this reason,they are calling for a genuine and an inclusive dialogue.In addition,they argue that we cannot be talking of peace when fighting is still raging on and people are being killed,houses and schools are being burnt,and people are being kidnapped every day for ransom to mention but these.

Exploration of the Inheritance and Innovation Carrier of National Culture in the Teaching Model of Art Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges:Integrating Lijiang Baisha Murals into Higher Vocational Art Design Curriculum System

This study aims to further promote the inheritance and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan Province,promote the protection,inheritance,integration,and innovation of ethnic culture in Lijiang,strengthen the protection and inheritance of Baisha murals in Lijiang,and change the teaching of art design majors in vocational colleges in Yunnan.Given the lack of traditional Chinese culture and local ethnic culture,this article focuses on the teaching of art design majors in Yunnan vocational colleges.It explores the construction model of the cultural inheritance and innovation carrier of Lijiang Baisha murals to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the local people,and efforts will be made to promote the high-quality development of the Baisha ethnic area in Lijiang.

Research on the Deep Integration Mechanism of National Fitness Campaign and College Physical Education Teaching:Taking Guangdong University of Science and Technology as an Example

By using the methods of literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert interview,this paper discusses and analyzes the deep integration mechanism of national fitness campaign and college physical education teaching,in order to promote the development of college physical education teaching reform,expand ideas,explore new fields,and provide novel development directions.The purpose is to enhance the national physical quality,improve the public service system,enhance the health awareness of the citizens,and provide guidelines for promoting the development of sports.

Research on the Ecological Wisdom of Traditional Dwellings of the Liangshan Yi Nationality Based on Regional Climate

As a typical building with ethnic and regional characteristics in southwest Chi-na, its construction skills contain rich local ecological wisdom. The detailed analysis of the climatic and geomorphological features of the Liangshan Yi nationality area shows that the thermal mass effect is the first choice for the passive adjustment strategy of residential dwellings. This study focuses on the typical representatives of traditional dwellings in Meigu County, analyzing the wisdom of ecological construction to improve the thermal mass effects of res-idential buildings at the macro (village), moderate (courtyard), and micro (building unit) levels. Based on this analysis, the study summarizes the “genetic factor library” of the ecological construction mode of traditional Yi residential dwellings. Finally, the measured data of the residential thermal environment and the simulation data of Ecotect software are used to study and judge the logic behind its ecological construction wisdom. The results show that the tradi-tional dwellings of the Yi nationality in Liangshan have six aspects of local en-vironmental knowledge to improve the thermal mass effects performance of buildings. The winter thermal environment of the house is comfortable, and the heat is sufficient;Rammed earth materials in residential buildings have more potent, powerful, and robust thermal mass effects performance than stone slabs and wooden boards.

基于ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R通路探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压大鼠肾纤维化的作用机制

目的:探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压DS大鼠肾纤维化及肾素血管紧张素转换酶-血管紧张素Ⅱ-血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R)信号通路的调节作用,探讨其防治高血压肾损害的作用机制。方法:选用盐敏感性高血压大鼠(Dahl salt-sensitve,DS)48只,随机数字表法分为低盐组、高盐组、缬沙坦组和补肾降压组,喂食以不同浓度钠盐饲料造模后,予药物干预8周。于干预前后测量血压。干预后酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)血清中血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))的含量。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肾组织病理学改变情况,Masson染色观察肾纤维化程度。反转录PCR(RT-PCR)及蛋白质印迹法分别检测肾脏血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:喂食3周不同浓度盐后,喂食高盐各组收缩压均较低盐组升高(P<0.01)。干预后,与低盐组比较,高盐组收缩压升高,Cr、BUN升高,血清AngⅡ及TGF-β_(1)水平升高,HE及Masson染色显示肾脏纤维化程度加重,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达升高(P<0.01)。与高盐组比较,缬沙坦组及补肾降压组收缩压降低,Cr、BUN降低,血清AngⅡ及TGF-β_(1)水平降低,肾脏纤维化程度减轻,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:补肾降压方有平稳降压,改善肾功能的作用,其作用机制可能与调节ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R轴进而抑制TGF-β_(1)达到延缓肾纤维化相关。

Heterogeneity and non-linearity of ecosystem responses to climate change in the Qilian Mountains National Park, China

Ecosystem responses to climate change,particularly in arid environments,is an understudied topic.This study conducted a spatial analysis of ecosystem responses to short-term variability in temperature,precipitation,and solar radiation in the Qilian Mountains National Park,an arid mountainous region in Northwest China.We collected precipitation and temperature data from the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform,solar radiation data from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset,and vegetation cover remote-sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.We used the vegetation sensitivity index to identify areas sensitive to climate change and to determine which climatic factors were significant in this regard.The findings revealed a high degree of heterogeneity and non-linearity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Four types of heterogeneity were identified:longitude,altitude,ecosystem,and climate disturbance.Furthermore,the characteristics of nonlinear ecosystem responses to climate change included:(1)inconsistency in the controlling climatic factors for the same ecosystems in different geographical settings;(2)the interaction between different climatic factors results in varying weights that affect ecosystem stability and makes them difficult to determine;and(3)the hysteresis effect of vegetation increases the uncertainty of ecosystem responses to climate change.The findings are significant because they highlight the complexity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Furthermore,the identification of areas that are particularly sensitive to climate change and the influencing factors has important implications for predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems,which can help protect the stability of ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains National Park.

天麻钩藤饮对妊娠期高血压患者血压及电解质、PRA、AngⅡ和UⅡ水平的影响分析

【目的】研究天麻钩藤饮对妊娠期高血压肝阳偏亢型患者的血压及电解质、肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)水平变化的影响。【方法】将468例妊娠期高血压肝阳偏亢型患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各234例。对照组给予硫酸镁联合拉贝洛尔治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上加用天麻钩藤饮治疗,疗程为5 d。观察2组患者治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及电解质和血清PRA、AngⅡ、UⅡ水平的变化情况,并分析2组患者的临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。【结果】(1)疗效方面:治疗5 d后,研究组的痊愈率和总有效率分别为12.82%(30/234)、95.30%(223/234),对照组分别为5.56%(13/234)、82.05%(192/234);组间比较,研究组的痊愈率、总有效率(χ^(2)检验)和总体疗效(秩和检验)均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)血压方面:治疗后,2组患者的SBP、DBP水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),且研究组治疗后的SBP、DBP水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)电解质水平方面:治疗后,2组患者的血浆钙离子、镁离子以及红细胞钙离子、镁离子水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),但研究组治疗后的血浆钙离子、镁离子以及红细胞镁离子水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)血清PRA、AngⅡ和UⅡ水平方面:治疗后,2组患者的血清PRA、AngⅡ和UⅡ水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),且研究组治疗后的血清PRA、AngⅡ和UⅡ水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)不良反应方面:2组患者的头痛、失眠、咳嗽、心悸等不良反应发生率及总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】天麻钩藤饮在改善妊娠期高血压肝阳偏亢型患者的血压、电解质水平以及血清PRA、AngⅡ、UⅡ水平方面效果显著,且不会增加不良反应发生风险。

调控Ang/Tie信号通路治疗眼底新生血管性疾病的研究进展

抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗应用于眼底新生血管疾病领域以来,在提高视力、稳定疾病病变和在某些情况下逆转疾病方面显示了卓越的效果。但抗VEGF治疗需要频繁玻璃体内注射给药,患者治疗负担重,长期疗效受影响。前期临床研究发现,调控血管生成素(Ang)/含免疫球蛋白样环和上皮生长因子样域酪氨酸激酶(Tie)通路在眼底新生血管疾病的治疗中有较好的效果。目前已发布了3个Ang/Tie通路阻断药物治疗眼底新生血管疾病的临床研究数据,其中靶向VEGF-A和Ang-2的双特异性免疫球蛋白G1抗体faricimab进入了Ⅲ期临床试验并达到终点,faricimab的2种延长治疗间隔(12周和16周)的给药方案均被证实有效。本文基于已发表的研究报告,就调控Ang/Tie通路在眼底新生血管性疾病治疗中的作用及临床应用作一综述,总结分析Ang/Tie通路的作用机制以及未来药物的应用前景。

脓毒症诊治中Ang/Tie信号通路的研究进展

脓毒症以及伴随的多器官功能障碍是一组常见的临床综合征,其患病率随着人口老龄化逐年上升。全球每年发生2000万例脓毒症,死亡率为26%。早期准确诊断脓毒症,有利于及时采取针对性的治疗策略,这是降低病死率的关键。内皮细胞是外源病原体或内源性损伤信号的早期作用对象。研究提示,内皮细胞的结构改变与功能活化在脓毒症的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。作为内皮细胞专属信号通路,血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)/酪氨酸激酶受体(tyrosine kinase receptor,Tie)在内皮细胞的异常激活和损伤中发挥重要作用。Ang/Tie信号通路主要包括2种位于内皮细胞中的酪氨酸激酶受体(Tie1、Tie2)和4种分泌性糖蛋白配体(Ang-1、Ang-2、Ang-3、Ang-4)。机制研究方面,Ang-1可持续性激活Tie2受体,维持细胞与细胞、细胞与基质间的相互作用,支持血管内皮细胞正常的生理功能;Ang-2是Ang-1拮抗剂,可竞争性阻断Ang-1与Tie2受体结合。脓毒症环境下,Ang-1下降,Ang-2升高,Ang-1/Ang-2的比值下降。Ang-2竞争性阻断Ang-1与可溶性Tie2受体结合,内皮细胞处于严重异常激活状态。Ang-2介导肝素酶的释放导致糖萼损伤,可引起血管通透性增加;Ang-2可促进炎症反应;Ang/Tie信号系统失调介导凝血功能障碍,Ang-2升高是弥散性血管内凝血的前哨性事件。临床病情监测方面,Ang-2>5.61 ng/mL,诊断脓毒症的灵敏度为74.36%;Ang-2持续升高,提示内皮功能难以恢复,器官发生功能性改变。早期动态监测Ang-2可用于预测脓毒症相关肺损伤、急性肾损伤。Ang-2/Ang-1比值上升、Ang1/可溶性Tie2比值下降可预测脓毒症患者90 d病死率(ROC曲线面积分别为0.787和0.704)。Ang-2和可溶性Tie-2水平下降,则提示脓毒症血浆置换有效。靶向Ang/Tie信号通路的动物实验获得一定成功,但目前临床试验未能获得有价值的结果。脓毒症相关Ang/Tie信号通路有待于进一步深入研究。

Plant Diversity of the Baraiyadhala National Park in Chattogram, Bangladesh

The floristic diversity was carried out from the selected trails while studying wildlife at the Baraiyadhala National Park of Chattogram in Bangladesh from August 2012 to July 2013 and June to October 2017. In total 267 species of plants (Bryophytes three, Pteridophytes 15, Gymnosperm one, Dicotyledons 200 and Monocotyledons 48) belonging to 186 genera and 80 families were recorded, which included 102 (38.20%) species of trees, 84 (31.46%) shrubs, 66 (24.71%) herbs and 15 (5.61%) species of climbers. Overall, Euphorbiaceae (dicotyledon) constituted the largest family in the study area having 12 genera and 18 species, while Cyperaceae (monocotyledon) was the second largest family represented by four genera and 11 species. The single gymnosperm species was Cycas pectinata Griff. (Assam cycas) under Cycadaceae family that naturally grows there. Most of the recorded plants were terrestrial while the others were aquatic or swampy. Among the plants, 210 (78.66%) species were native, of which 152 were Native (wild), 40 Native (wild & cultivated) and 18 Native (cultivated), and the remaining 57 (21.34%) alien species. Of the alien species seven were Alien (wild), ten Alien (wild and cultivated), four Alien (invasive) and 36 Alien (cultivated). Of the 267-plant species, the highest number was medicinally followed by 41 edible, 31 timber, 13 fuel wood and ornamental, 13 fodder, seven ornamental, six species used for domestic purposes and fodder, five edible and medicinal, three vegetables, two vegetables and medicinal, two edible and timber, two timber and leaf, two ornamental and medicinal, one chemical indicator, one ornamental and timber, and the use of 17 rest species was unknown.

联合凉膈散治疗脓毒症ARDS的疗效及其对血清CC-16、Ang-2、vWF的影响

目的研究联合凉膈散治疗脓毒症急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的疗效及其对血清Clara细胞分泌蛋白-16(CC-16)、血管生成-2(Ang-2)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)的影响。方法前瞻性选择2021年7月至2023年6月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院治疗的脓毒症ARDS患者98例,按照随机数字表法将其分为试验组与对照组,每组各49例。对照组行常规对症治疗,试验组行常规对症治疗+凉膈散治疗。比较两组治疗7 d后临床疗效;两组治疗7 d后机械通气时间、入住ICU时间;治疗前及治疗7 d后病情严重程度[急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)]、血气分析指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))及动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))]、血清CC-16、Ang-2、vWF水平。结果试验组总有效率为91.84%,高于对照组(73.47%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组机械通气时间、入住ICU时间分别为(5.62±0.58)、(8.76±0.90)d,均小于对照组[(8.94±0.92)、(13.87±1.53)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,试验组APACHEⅡ评分为(9.79±1.04)分,低于对照组[(13.59±1.57)分],PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)、SaO_(2)分别为(94.29±9.65)mmHg、(326.08±35.86)mmHg、1.03±0.12,均高于对照组[(80.38±8.42)mmHg、(268.69±28.75)mmHg、0.88±0.09],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,试验组血清CC-16、Ang-2、vWF水平分别为(42.73±4.45)ng/L、2083(1879,2205)pg/mL、(4.95±0.52)μg/mL,均低于对照组[(49.35±5.14)ng/L、2749(2562,3075)pg/mL、(5.53±0.58)μg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合凉膈散治疗脓毒症ARDS可改善患者症状,缩短其恢复时间,改善患者血气分析指标,降低血清CC-16、Ang-2、vWF水平,疗效显著。

基于ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas轴研究参芪地黄汤对2型糖尿病模型大鼠认知功能的影响

目的:观察参芪地黄汤对2型糖尿病(T2DM)认知障碍的改善作用,通过对ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas轴的研究进一步探讨参芪地黄汤改善糖尿病认知功能障碍的可能机制。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠采用高脂高糖饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射构建T2DM大鼠模型,随机分为模型组和参芪地黄汤低、中、高剂量组,每组6只,另设6只为空白对照组。给药组灌胃相应剂量药物(低中高剂量分别为10.8、21.6、32.4 g/kg)连续8周。Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠行为学变化;HE染色观察大鼠海马组织的病理学改变;ELISA检测大鼠血清中胰岛素含量,海马中血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)],白细胞介素1β(IL-1β),白细胞介素18(IL-18)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量;免疫组化,Western blot检测海马中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)、Mas受体(MasR)、NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱氨酸天冬酶-1(Caspase-1)蛋白。结果:与对照组比较,模型组空腹血糖水平升高;大鼠平均逃避潜伏时间显著延长,而穿越平台的次数则显著减少(P<0.01);海马组织结构疏松,炎细胞浸润明显,小胶质细胞显著增多。与模型组比较,各给药组空腹血糖水平均降低,胰岛素水平均升高;参芪地黄汤中、高剂量组大鼠潜伏期显著缩短,穿越平台次数显著增多(P<0.05);大鼠神经元结构较完整,炎细胞浸润、小胶质细胞显著减少。与对照组比较,模型组组织中Ang-(1-7)和IL-1β、IL-18和TNF-α等细胞因子水平显著上升(P<0.01),海马中ACE2、Mas表达显著下降(P<0.05),而AngⅡ、NLRP3、Caspase-1表达则显著上升(P<0.05);与模型组相比,经过给药后各组海马中AngⅡ、NLRP3、Caspase-1表达显著下降(P<0.05),ACE2、Mas则显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:参芪地黄汤可能通过调节ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas轴抑制NLRP3炎性小体的激活,减少炎症级联反应从而改善T2DM模型大鼠认知功能障碍。

Perception of Local Populations of Bouba-Ndjidda National Park on Indigenous Knowledge and the Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Conservation

This study deals with the perceptions of indigenous knowledge in the field of conservation and the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the peripheral villages of the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park (PNBN), Department of Mayo-Rey, Cameroon. To this end, 23 out of 70 villages in the study area were selected, for a sample of 368 households surveyed through a questionnaire addressed to the heads of households. Data collection took place from August 27 to December 22, 2022. The results reveal that 70.7% of the population living near the PNBN practice agriculture as their main income-generating activity, followed by livestock (23.3%) and trade (6%). Knowledge in the field of the conservation of natural resources is rooted in occultism through rituals and sacrifices (99.50%) offered to the geniuses of nature and prohibitions on the felling of trees and sacred animals (13.00%). The populations perceive climate change through the variation of the seasons (97.60%), the increase in temperature (84.80%), the reduction in the duration of the rainy seasons (54.60%), the drop in agricultural yield (84.80%) and floods (74.70%). The consequence of these changes on wildlife is the disappearance of animal species such as the Rhinoceros, the Wild Dog, the Cheetah and the Ostrich. In order to cope with climate change, the natives have developed strategies such as the adoption of early crop varieties (maize, millet, soybeans, etc.), the reorganization of the agricultural calendar, the practice of reforestation, extension of field surfaces, the cessation of excessive deforestation and uncontrolled bush fires, the construction of fired brick houses, the practice of irrigation, seasonal migration and occultism. This indigenous knowledge is a perfect adaptation to climate change and makes it possible to better take into account the vision of local populations in the conservation of biodiversity.

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子调控Ang1/Tie2信号通路抑制炎症促进血管内皮细胞功能恢复

目的:探讨酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)功能的影响,以及Ang1/Tie2通路在其中的作用。方法:培养HUVEC细胞,不同浓度脂多糖(LPS)和aFGF刺激HUVEC,CCK-8实验确定刺激浓度,并观察生长活性;细胞划痕实验检测aFGF对HUVEC迁移能力的影响;Westernblot实验检测增殖蛋白PCNA,凋亡蛋白Cleavedcaspase3、Bax,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2,炎症相关蛋白NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-10,血管生成相关蛋白CD31和通路相关蛋白Ang1、Tie2的表达水平;免疫荧光实验检测PCNA、Cleavedcaspase3、IL-6、IL-10以及CD31的荧光强度。分离小鼠主动脉,离体培养后进行免疫荧光实验,观察PCNA、Cleavedcaspase3、IL-6、IL-10以及CD31蛋白的荧光强度。结果:CCK-8实验显示LPS抑制HUVEC生长活性,5μg/mL为最适刺激浓度(P<0.01);aFGF促进HUVEC生长活性,其中100ng/mL为最适刺激浓度(P<0.01)。细胞划痕实验提示aFGF促进细胞迁移。Westernblot和免疫荧光实验结果显示,aFGF促进增殖蛋白和血管功能蛋白表达,抑制凋亡蛋白和炎症蛋白表达,上调Ang1/Tie2通路蛋白(P<0.05)。离体血管免疫荧光实验显示aFGF上调PCNA、IL-10以及CD31的荧光强度,下调Cleavedcaspase3和IL-6的荧光强度(P<0.05)。结论:aFGF增强HUVEC生长活性和迁移能力,促进其增殖,抑制其凋亡,并通过调控Ang1/Tie2通路抑制炎症反应,促进血管功能修复。