Upper Sun River Drainage Basin Origin Determined by Topographic Map Interpretation Techniques: Lewis and Clark and Teton Counties, Montana, USA

A new and fundamentally different regional geomorphology paradigm in which massive south- and southeast-oriented meltwater floods flowed across the entire Missouri River drainage basin is tested by interpreting detailed topographic maps of the Montana upper Sun River drainage basin region by trying to explain origins of previously unexplained or poorly explained erosional landforms located upstream from Sun River Canyon (which cuts across Montana’s north-to-south oriented Sawtooth Range). Mountain passes, through valleys, and other drainage divide low points along what are today high mountain ridges, including the North American east-west continental divide, are interpreted to be evidence of drainage routes that once crossed the region. These drainage divide crossings suggest that prior to erosion of present-day upper Sun River drainage basin valleys, massive floods moved in south directions across what are today the north-oriented Middle and South Fork Flathead River drainage basins into today’s upper Sun River drainage basin area and carved a complex of diverging and converging channels into what was probably a low relief surface now represented by the crests of the region’s highest mountain ridges. Further, the map evidence shows how a diverging complex of south- and southeast-oriented upstream Sun River drainage basin flood flow channels changed flow direction to cross the Sawtooth Range in a northeast direction before converging on the Montana plains at a location downstream from Sun River Canyon. The observed upper Sun River drainage basin area topographic map evidence is consistent with the new geomorphology paradigm predictions, in which massive south-oriented meltwater floods flowing across the rising rim of a continental ice sheet created deep “hole” (created by deep ice sheet erosion and ice sheet weight caused crustal warping) are diverted to flow in northeast and north directions into and across deep “hole” space being opened up by ice sheet melting.

探析城市滨水空间景观规划设计——以广西德保鉴河滨水设计为例

在资料收集与实地考察的基础上,立足于城市滨水空间景观的整体布局和空间开发,针对广西德保鉴河沿河地带的空间布局和规划,通过合理的规划来满足人们情感的愿望和休闲、观光、旅游、居住与商贸的需求。

新中国成立前夕美国对华政策的纠结——以赖普汉的演讲为切入点

1949年9月8日,美国前旧金山市长、美国经济合作总署中国分署负责人赖普汉发表题为《中国情势之我见》的演讲。演讲阐述了他对美国应采取的对华政策的观点,反映出美国政府当时纠结采取什么样的对华政策。纠结主要为三点,第一,是否继续援助蒋介石;第二,是否承认新中国;第三,台湾到底如何处理。通过赖普汉的报告可以看出,国家利益与意识形态因素是美国对华政策的出发点。