Dynamic multivariate multiscale entropy based analysis on brain death diagnosis

The recently introduced multivariate multiscale sample entropy(MMSE)well evaluates the long correlations in multiple channels,so that it can reveal the complexity of multivariate biological signals.The existing MMSE algorithm deals with short time series statically whereas long time series are common for real-time computation in practical use.As a solution,we novelly proposed our dynamic MMSE(DMMSE)as an extension of MMSE.This helps us gain greater insight into the complexity of each section of time series,producing multifaceted and more robust estimates than the standard MMSE.The simulation results illustrated the feasibility and well performance in the brain death diagnosis.

Regulated cell death in cancer:from pathogenesis to treatment

Regulated cell death(RCD),including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis,is regulated by a series of evolutionarily conserved pathways,and is required for development and tissue homeostasis.Based on previous genetic and biochemical explorations of cell death subroutines,the characteristics of each are generally considered distinctive.However,recent in-depth studies noted the presence of crosstalk between the different forms of RCD;hence,the concept of PANoptosis appeared.Cancer,a complex genetic disease,is characterized by stepwise deregulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation,with significant morbidity and mortality globally.At present,studies on the different RCD pathways,as well as the intricate relationships between different cell death subroutines,mainly focus on infectious diseases,and their roles in cancer remain unclear.As cancers are characterized by dysregulated cell death and inflammatory responses,most current treatment strategies aim to selectively induce cell death via different RCD pathways in cancer cells.In this review,we describe five types of RCD pathways in detail with respect to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.The potential value of some of these key effector molecules in tumor diagnosis and therapeutic response has also been raised.We then review and highlight recent progress in cancer treatment based on PANoptosis and ferroptosis induced by small-molecule compounds,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and nanoparticles.Together,these findings may provide meaningful evidence to fill in the gaps between cancer pathogenesis and RCD pathways to develop better cancer therapeutic strategies.