Characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure

A new type of drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure has been proposed based on previous engineering experiences and practical requirements for hazard mitigation in earthquakeaffected areas.Experimental studies were performed to determine the characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel of this type with a slope of 15%.The velocity and depth of the viscous debris flow were measured,processed,and subsequently used to characterize the viscous debris flow in the drainage channel.Observations of this experiment showed that the surface of the viscous debris flow in a smooth drainage channel was smoother than that of a similar debris flow passing through the energy dissipation section in a channel of the new type studied here.However,the flow patterns in the two types of channels were similar at other points.These experimental results show that the depth of the viscous debris flow downstream of the energy dissipation structure increased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure.In addition,in the smooth channel,the viscous debris-flow velocity downstream of the energy dissipation structure decreased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure.Furthermore,theviscous debris-flow depth and velocity were slightly affected by variations in the width of the energy dissipation structure when the channel slope was 15%.Finally,the energy dissipation ratio increased gradually as the length and width of the energy dissipation structure increased;the maximum energy dissipation ratio observed was 62.9%(where B = 0.6m and L/w = 6.0).

Experimental study on the energy dissipation characteristics of debris flow deceleration baffles

Debris flow can cause serious damages to roads, bridges, buildings and other infrastructures.Arranging several rows of deceleration baffles in the significant influence on the mobility and deposition characteristic of debris flow. The deposit amount first increased then decreased when the flow density rises,flow path can reduce the flow velocity and ensure better protection of life and property. In debris flow prevention projects, deceleration baffles can effectively reduce the erosion of the debris flow and prolong the running time of the drainage channel.This study investigated the degree to which a 6 m long flume and three rows of deceleration baffles reduce the debris flow velocity and affect the energy dissipation characteristics. The influential variables include channel slope, debris flow density, and spacing between baffle rows. The experimental results demonstrated that the typical flow pattern was a sudden increase in flow depth and vertical proliferation when debris flow flows through the baffles. Strong turbulence between debris flow and baffles can contribute to energy dissipation and decrease the kinematic velocity considerably. The results showed that the reduction ratio of velocity increased with the increase in debris flow density,channel slope and spacing between rows. Tests phenomena also indicated that debris flow density hasand the deposit amount of debris flow density of 1500kg/m^3 reached the maximum when the experimental flume slope is 12°.

梯-潭结构型泥石流排导槽消能特征试验研究

梯-潭结构型排导槽是一种适用于大比降沟床条件下的泥石流排导工程措施,因其良好的防治功效和工程价值而具有较好的应用前景。选取泥石流容重、规模和潭深为主要影响因素,通过水槽试验模拟泥石流在梯-潭结构型排导槽中的运动过程。结果表明,潭内表层铺填的砾石在泥石流浆体强烈的紊动和大颗粒冲击碰撞下发生明显的物质交换现象,且排导过渡性泥石流时物质交换现象最为强烈,稀性泥石流次之,粘性泥石流则相对较弱;梯-潭结构型排导槽的消能主要体现在泥石流通过梯-潭结构时泥深变化和加剧紊流两个方面;梯-潭结构的消能效率与潭深呈正相关关系,且消能率基本大于20%,最大消能率可达73.93%。当潭深过大时,梯-潭结构对泥石流表现出明显的拦截作用,虽消能效果明显,但与排导宗旨相悖。而泥石流规模对梯-潭结构消能的影响相对较小,整体呈现规模越小消能率越高的趋势。

基于梯-潭消能系统的挡流式泥石流排导槽

中国是灾害多发的国家之一,泥石流是山区灾害的主要类型。对于特大泥石流,传统常规的治理办法难以起到很好的效果,于是王兆印等提出了梯-潭系统。但是,梯-潭系统并不完美,仍有许多值得改进的地方。以提高消能效率为出发点,提出一种能在短距离内达到消能、控速功能的挡流式泥石流排导槽。通过设计最佳横断面,使排导能力达到最佳;通过挡板与梯-潭系统达到快速消能的目的;然后通过推导分析,给出了挡流式排导槽的消能率计算公式;最后与传统梯-潭型排导槽消能率计算公式作对比分析,发现提出的排导槽具有高效消能的作用。