Characters and Species Diversity of Torreya fargesii Franch. Community in the Jinfo Mountains

This paper aims to study characteristics and biodiversity of the Torreya fargesii community in the Jinfo Mountains to provide baseline information related to the protection of T. fargesii. The results indicated that among the 5 plots(100 m2 each) set along an altitudinal gradient, 176 species of vascular plants, 136 genera and 64 families were recorded. These included 7 species of pteridophytes, 6 genera and 4 families, 3 species of gymnosperms, 3 genera and 2 families, and 166 species of angiosperms, 127 genera and 58 families. The community physiognomy was mainly dominated by phanerophytes with medium-sized herbaceous and simple leaves. The proportions of phanerophytes among the fl oristic spectrum, frequency spectrum and vegetational spectrum are 68.75%, 73.13% and 67.48% respectively. The vertical structure can be divided into the shrub and herb layers in this community. The dominant species in shrub layer were T. fargesii, Zanthoxylum ovalifolium, Rubus coreanus, Kerria japonica, Cotoneaster horizontalis etc.. The dominant herbs included Miscanthus sinensis, Carex gibba, Artemisia lactifl ora, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Pilea notata, Aster ageratoides etc.. Species richness(S) and the Simpson(D), Shannon-Wiener(H') and Pielou evenness(Jsw) indices of shrub layer species richness are higher than those of the herb layer; the distribution of the species in the community is obviously uneven. The species richness and diversity indices increase with the rising altitude.

A New Triterpenoid Glycoside from Decaisnea Fargesii

A new triterpenoid glycoside, named decaisoside F. has been isolated from Decaisnea faresii. Its structure was determined on basis of chi mical method, FAB-MS. homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation esperiments. including H-1--(HCOSY)-H-1. H-1--C-13 COSY, TOSCY, HMBC and NOESY techniques to be 3-O-beta-D- xylopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-Larabinopyranosyl) hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyrancrsyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Torreya fargesii Aril on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Radish, Mustard and Cabbage

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Torreya fargesii aril. [Method] By indoor bioassay, the effects of different con-centrations （10, 20,40, 80 g/L） of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril on seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and anti oxidative enzyme activities of radish, mustard and cabbage were analyzed and compared. [ Result] Different concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of three crops, and the inhibitory effects were enhanced with the increase of concentration. Seedling height and fresh weight of three crops were improved by low concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril and inhibited by high concentrations of aqueous extract. Overall, aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited allelopathic inhibitory effects on three crops, and the level of allelopath-ic inhibitory effects demonstrated a descending order of radish 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage. Compared with the control group, 80 g/L aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril almost significantly reduced seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and significantly improved MDA con-tent and antioxidative enzyme （SOD, CAT, POD） activities of radish, mustard and cabbage （P 〈 0 .0 5 ） . [ Conclusion] Aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited remarkable allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination of radish, mustard and cabbage, which indicated that there might be dormancy-associated germination in-hibiting allelochemicals in T. fargesii aril. This study provided theoretical basis for subsequent clarification of the mechanism of seed dormancy of T. fargesii.

Responses of Leaf Functional Traits of Torreya fargesii to the Altitudinal Variation

[Objective] To reveal the leaf functional traits and adaptive strategy of Torreya fargesii at different altitude gradients.[Method] Leaves of T. fargesii were selected from the altitudes of 1 570, 1 700, 1 900, 2 125 and 2 360 m in Jiajinshan forest area of Sichuan Baoxing County, and the altitudes of 1 000, 1 200, 1 450, and 1 700 m in Hua'eshan Mountain Nature Reserve of Sichuan Wanyuan County as the research materials. Leaf blade traits such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf girth, leaf area and leaf dry weight were determined, and the influence of altitude on each index and correlation between characters were analyzed. [Result] For the leaves from both Baoxing County and Wanyuan County, leaf length, leaf width, leaf girth, leaf aspect ratio and leaf area decreased with the increase of altitude. There was no significant difference in the changes of leaf width, leaf girth and leaf aspect ratio among different altitudes(P>0.05), while the difference was significant in leaf length between high altitude and low attitude(P<0.05), and the difference was also significant in leaf area for the leaves from Baoxing County between high altitude and low altitude. However, there was no obvious correlation between leaf width and altitude, which could be considered as a relatively stable parameter. Leaf thickness and leaf dry weight increased first and then decreased with altitude,while the specific leaf area decreased first and then increased. In leaf length, leaf girth, leaf width and leaf area parameters, except for leaf width and leaf area for the T. fargesii from Wanyuan County, any two parameters reached significant or very significant positive correlation level(P<0.01). Leaf dry weight and leaf thickness had significant or very significant positive correlation, leaf dry weight and leaf area had a certain positive correlation but not significant. There existed no significant positive correlation between specific leaf area and leaf area, while specific leaf area was in negative correlation with leaf dry weight, and the negative correlation of specific leaf area with leaf area of T. fargesii from Wanyuan County reached the significant level.[Conclusion] T. fargesii adapted to different altitudes by changing leaf dry weight, leaf area and leaf area ratio, and the most suitable altitudes for the growth of T. fargesii were 1 900 and 1 450 m in Baoxing and Wanyuan area respectively.

郭岩山不同海拔天然栲树林土壤硅形态特征

[目的]探究郭岩山不同海拔天然栲树林土壤硅形态的变化特征及其与土壤理化性质的相关关系,进一步揭示亚热带地区土壤硅形态含量对环境变化的响应机制。[方法 ]本研究以郭岩山自然保护区不同海拔天然栲树林土壤为研究对象,在郭岩山自然保护区海拔600、700、800、900 m分别设置标准地,采集不同海拔各土层(0~20、20~40、40~60 cm)的土样,测定土壤不同硅形态含量,分析环境变化对土壤中硅形态的影响。[结果 ](1)高海拔土壤有效硅(258.26 mg·kg^(-1))、水溶性硅(155.69 mg·kg^(-1))、活性硅(388.97mg·kg^(-1))及无定形硅(1 561.97 mg·kg^(-1))含量均显著高于低海拔土壤有效硅(93.16 mg·kg^(-1))、水溶性硅(78.38 mg·kg^(-1))、活性硅(231.84 mg·kg^(-1))及无定形硅(832.24 mg·kg^(-1))。深土层(40~60 cm)的土壤有效硅含量(227.53 mg·kg^(-1))显著高于0~20 cm(120.79 mg·kg^(-1))及20~40 cm(171.37 mg·kg^(-1))土层;(2)土壤有效硅含量与活性硅及水溶性硅含量呈极显著正相关,其中,活性硅是有效硅增加最重要的直接贡献形态,而水溶性硅是土壤硅转化过程中重要的过渡性形态;(3)土壤有机质和土壤pH值对各土壤硅形态含量的影响最显著,解释率分别达14.1%和9.2%,其中,土壤有机质与无定形硅及水溶性硅呈正相关,与土壤活性硅及有效硅呈负相关,而土壤pH值与有效硅、活性硅呈正相关,与无定形硅呈负相关。[结论 ]海拔引起的环境及土壤理化性质变化可改变土壤硅形态含量。研究结果为天然栲树林有效利用土壤硅及调控土壤硅形态提供了参考依据,对天然栲树林的保护具有重要的科学指导意义。

丝栗栲林生长与生产力的研究

在福建省邵武市洪墩采育场，调查丝栗栲林标地１０块，做平均木、树干解析木９株，杉木人工林标地２块，研究丝栗栲的生长与生产力，结果表明：丝栗栲林的胸径、树高及单株材积总生长量，均随年龄的增加而增加；胸径２０ａ前生长最快；树高１６ａ前生长最快；材积３６ａ时尚未有下降的趋势。胸径、树高平均生长量，随年龄增加而增加，当生长量达高峰后，则随年龄的增加而下降；胸径生长高峰，好立地１２ａ，中、劣立地１５ａ；树高生长高峰，好立地１０ａ，中立地８ａ，劣立地１２ａ；材积平均生长量，随年龄增加而增加，好、劣立地３６ａ时仍未下降，中立地３４ａ时生长量最大。胸径、树高连年生长量随年龄增加而下降；材积连年生长量，随年龄增加而增加，当生长量达高峰后，则随年龄增加而下降，生长高峰出现的年龄，好立地２８ａ，中立地２２ａ，劣立地２６ａ。在相似的立地条件下，丝栗栲林的蓄积量比杉木人工林低，但乔木层总生物量比杉木林高。

福建大田栲树次生林优势种群结构与动态

在福建大田栲树(CastanopsisfargesiiFranch.)次生林内,应用相邻格子法设置3200m2样地,进行优势种群结构和空间格局的研究。结果表明,栲树种群、罗浮栲(C.fabriHance)种群、樟树〔Cinnamomumcamphora(Linn.)Presl〕种群结构呈金字塔型,栲树种群和罗浮栲种群从Ⅰ、Ⅱ级幼苗到Ⅲ级幼苗发育过程中出现死亡高峰;3个优势种群从Ⅲ级幼苗向第4立木级的生长过程中,死亡率也很高。栲树、罗浮栲和樟树种群在不同发育阶段空间分布格局差别较大,栲树种群在幼树阶段为集群分布,中树及大树阶段为随机分布;罗浮栲种群在幼树阶段呈集群分布、中树阶段呈均匀分布、大树阶段呈随机分布;樟树种群在幼树及大树阶段呈均匀分布,中树阶段为随机分布。不同区组规模对种群空间分布格局产生影响。

猫儿屎植物的化学成分及其药效学研究

首次从木通科猫儿屎（ＤｅｃａｉｓｎｅａｆａｒｇｅｓｉｉＦｒａｎｃｈ）中分离鉴定了１１种皂甙化合物．经光谱分析及化学方法鉴定，其中５种化合物为新化合物，分别命名为：ＤｅｃａｉｓｏｓｉｄｅＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｇ；另５种化合物为ＳａｐｏｎｉｎＰＧ、ＤｉｐｓａｃｏｓｉｄｅＢ、Ｋａｌｏｐａｎａｘ－ｓａｐｏｎｉｎＢ、Ｓａｐｏｎｉｎ１１、ＨｅｄｅｒａｓａｐｏｎｉｎＢ和ｓａｐｏｎｉｎＰＪ３．猫儿屎对小鼠移植性肿瘤Ｓ１８０（小白鼠肉瘤）、Ｈｅｐａ（肝癌）、Ｅｃ（艾氏病）的平均抑制率分别为４７．８０％、４１．４８％、４４．７１％，具有一定的抗肿瘤活性．

栲树皮乙醇提取物中多酚类化学成分的鉴定

采用Sephadex LH-20,MCI gel CHP 20P和Toyopearl Butyl-650C等柱色谱方法研究栲(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.)树皮乙醇提取物的化学成分。从栲树皮80%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,根据波谱数据分析鉴定化合物的结构,分别鉴定为苯甲酸、原儿茶酸、没食子酸、5-O-没食子莽草酸、3,5-二-O-没食子奎宁酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、棓儿茶素、木麻黄鞣质和栗木鞣花素。所有的化合物均为首次从栲树中分离得到。

阔叶榧总DNA的提取及其RAPD反应条件的研究

在阔叶榧新鲜针叶DNA提取过程中 ,应用 pH值较低 ,无机盐浓度较高的提取缓冲液可沉淀蛋白质 ,其中加入 2 %的 β 巯基乙醇可有效地防止次生代谢物质使DNA变色 .提取出的DNA样品产率在 83.7～ 197.5ng/mg .f.,DNA质量和纯度较高 ,2 6 0nm/ 2 80nm光密度比值在 1.8～ 1.9之间 .所得DNA可直接用于限制性内切酶酶切 ,并可用于随机引物PCR扩增 .在优化RAPD各种反应条件研究中 ,确定了阔叶榧最佳RAPD反应体系为 :15 μL反应体系中含有 5 0mmol/LKCl、10mmol/LTris HCl (pH 9.0 )、0 .1%Triton 10 0、3nmol/ μLMgCl2 、0 .6nmol/ μLdNTPs、6 μg/ μLBSA、1UTaq酶、6 0ng引物、5 0～ 10 0ng左右的阔叶榧DNA .

绿花百合胚性愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

建立绿花百合(Lilium fargesii Franch.)胚性愈伤组织诱导体系,为保护和合理利用这一重要植物资源提供高效、稳定的再生技术途径。以绿花百合鳞片为外植体,通过正交实验研究不同激素种类及其质量浓度对绿花百合胚性愈伤组织诱导、胚状体和小鳞茎分化及植株再生的影响。结果表明:较适宜诱导胚性愈伤组织的培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+NAA 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+2,4-D 0.1 mg·L^(-1),出愈率达89.29%,小鳞茎发生系数亦达4.7;胚性愈伤组织增殖及小鳞茎发生培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^(-1)+2,4-D 0.1 mg·L^(-1),繁殖倍数5.0/35 d;根的诱导则在1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L^(-1)的培养基上进行,生根率达100%,幼苗移栽至排水良好的沙土中,保温保湿培养35 d后,成活率可达90%以上。本研究为保持绿花百合优良品种特性、种苗繁育提供了有效途径,也为保护其野生资源,发展人工栽培和利用胚状体进行无性育种奠定了基础。

球药隔重楼的化学成分研究(英文)

采用硅胶柱层析、大孔吸附树脂、ODS柱层析、Sephadex LH-20和RP-C18柱层析等技术中分离得到8个化合物。通过波谱学数据和已知化合物数据比较,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1),β-蜕皮激素(2),Paris SaponinsⅤ(3),Paris SaponinsⅠ(4),Paris SaponinsⅡ(5),Paris SaponinsⅦ(6),Paris Saponins H(7)和Paris SaponinsⅥ(8)。化合物1～8均为首次从球药隔重楼中分离得到。

猫屎瓜乳汁道形成过程中显微和超微结构变化以及与橡胶产生的关系

橡胶植物猫屎瓜的含胶结构是一种溶生的乳汁道。它是在果实发育过程中,由部分外表皮细胞经过凹陷、封闭转变为分泌表皮细胞,再由它们经过破毁、解体形成的溶生胞间道系统。通过组织化学和细胞学研究,在开花后10天内,幼果外表皮为同形组织,细胞内无橡胶颗粒;当凹沟出现后,外表皮开始分化为两类组织:外表皮和分泌表皮,只在后者细胞内产生橡胶颗粒,直至乳汁道形成。透射电镜观察表明,分泌表皮细胞内无黄色体和F-W复合体,其橡胶颗粒的产生与内质网槽库和电子致密小颗粒(多聚体)有关,而液泡中的纤丝结构又与团块状橡胶物质的形成有关。为此,猫屎瓜的含胶结构和橡胶产生方式既不同于巴西橡胶树等的乳汁管,又与杜仲等的含胶细胞不完全相同,有其特殊性。猫屎瓜的橡胶在分布上和形成时间上的局限性是和乳汁道的特殊形成方式密切相关的。此种特点,为研究橡胶的生物合成机理提供较好材料,并为今后提高该植物的橡胶产量提供了参考资料。

球药隔重楼凝集素的抗肿瘤活性及机制研究

目的探讨球药隔重楼中分离得到的球药隔重楼凝集素(PFL)的肿瘤细胞毒性及其可能的机制。方法用交换层析法纯化PFL同源二聚体;通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法、形态学观察、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)法、糖蛋白阻断分析等方法分析PFL对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制情况及其机制。结果 PFL对宫颈癌HeLa、肝癌HepG2以及鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞增殖都有抑制作用。PFL的糖结合位点被甲状腺球蛋白阻断后对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制活性明显降低,表明PFL是通过识别CNE-2细胞表面的糖链作用于细胞,并诱导细胞凋亡。半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)家族抑制剂的研究表明PFL是通过经典的caspase途径诱导CNE-2细胞凋亡。结论PFL可通过caspase途径诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

猫儿屎内生真菌DS58次生代谢产物的研究

首次对秦岭植物猫儿屎茎部分离到的内生真菌DS58的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行研究,经ITS序列分析,鉴定该菌株为曲霉属真菌。采用大米培养基对该菌株进行固体发酵,利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离纯化得到了8个化合物,经波谱解析,分别鉴定为:(1)β-谷甾醇;(2)5α,8α-环二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇;(3)5-羟基-2(3H)-苯并呋喃酮;(4)2,5-二羟基苯乙酸乙酯;(5)2,5-二羟基苯乙酸甲酯;(6)琥珀酸;(7)2,5-二羟基苯乙酸和(8)cannabifolactone A。化合物(3),(4),(8)均首次从真菌的发酵物中分离得到。

栲树叶多酚类成分的研究(Ⅰ)

目的研究栲Castanopsis fargesii Franch.树叶的多酚类成分。方法应用MCI、Sephadex LH-20、ODS C18和Diaion HP20SS柱对栲树叶80%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据鉴定所得化合物结构。结果从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为莽草酸(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)、没食子酸(4)、没食子酸甲酯(5)、没食子酸乙酯(6)、5-O-galloylquinic acid(7)、5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(8)、5-O-galloyl-(-)-shikimic acid(9)、5-O-galloylhamamelose(10)。结论除化合物2、9外,其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

齐墩果酸三萜配糖体2D NMR的研究

从甘肃产的猫儿屎（ＤｅｃａｉｓｎｅａＦａｒｇｅｓｉ）植物茎中分离出三个新皂甙．利用二维核磁共振（２ＤＮＭＲ）技术研究确定了它们的化学结构。

猫儿屎内生真菌DL06菌株的鉴定及次生代谢产物的研究

对猫儿屎内生真菌DL06菌株进行鉴定,并对其次生代谢产物进行研究,采用形态学观察以及ITS序列鉴定菌株DL06为产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)。应用多种层析手段对其发酵产物进行分离纯化得到了8个化合物,结合理化性质和波谱分析确定为β-谷甾醇(1)、6,8-二羟基-3-甲基异香豆素(2)、单甲基硫赭曲菌素(3)、大黄素-8-甲醚(4)、2-呋喃甲酸(5)、5-羟甲基呋喃-3-羧酸(6)、6-柠檬酸甲酯(7)和丁二酸(8),化合物(2)、(3)、(6)和(7)均为首次从产黄青霉中分离得到。利用最小抑菌浓度法(MIC)对化合物的活性进行检测,抗菌活性表明化合物(3)具有较强的抑菌作用。

猫儿屎内生真菌DL06次生代谢产物及抑菌活性的研究

从猫儿屎内生真菌产黄青霉DL06发酵物中分离出15个化合物,通过波谱数据、理化性质鉴定化合物结构.在原分离鉴定的基础上又分离鉴定出了7个化合物,分别为2-乙酰基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(9)、烟酸(10)、meleagrin(11)、赤藓醇(12)、富马酰-L-丙氨酸(13)、胡萝卜苷(14)、甘露醇(15).并对分离出的7个化合物的抑菌活性进行测试,结果表明:化合物9、10、11、13对测试菌有不同程度的抑制作用.

巴山冷杉中莽草酸的提取工艺及含量测定初步研究

目的制定巴山冷杉中莽草酸的提取工艺,并建立其含量测定方法。方法采用水提-醇沉法对莽草酸进行提取,采用HPLC法测定莽草酸的含量。结果莽草酸在5～300μg·mL-1范围内,质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9993）,平均回收率为94.5%,RSD=2.5%（n=5）。莽草酸收率为0.51%（纯度≥96%）。结论本提取工艺简便易行;含量测定方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于巴山冷杉中莽草酸的含量测定。