Systematic status of the caridean families Gnathophyllidae Dana and Hymenoceridae Ortmann(Crustacea:Decapoda):a further examination based on molecular and morphological data

The four palaemonoid(sub)families Anchistioididae,Gnathophyllidae,Hymenoceridae,and Pontoniinae are similar in morphology,and all live in marine habitats.Their systematic relationships are controversial.In this study,we used sequences from a mitochondrial ribosomal gene(16S rRNA) and three nuclear genes(H3,NaK,and enolase) to explore the phylogenetic relationships of these four taxa.Our tree based on 43 species belonging to 28 genera shows that Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae are nested within Pontoniinae.This result is consistent with evidence from larval morphology.The defining characteristics of Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae,a vestigial or missing mandibular incisor process and a broadened third maxilliped,can also be found in Pontoniinae;conversely,on the basis of published species descriptions,gnathophyllids and hymenocerids meet most of the defining characteristics of Pontoniinae.The peculiar form of the third maxilliped in gnathophyllids and hymenocerids might be the result of adaptive evolution,as these particular features are also present in pontoniines.According to our phylogenetic tree,Anchistioididae are more remote from Pontoniinae,which is consistent with the distinct morphological differences in the pleopods.The pontoniine genera analyzed(together with Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae) are divided into two clades.The members of Clade I exhibit primordial characteristics similar to those of the Palaemoninae,and might be direct descendants of the ancestor of the Pontoniinae;members of Clade II are more specialized.

Agononida Baba and de Saint Laurent,1996(Crustacea:Decapoda:Anomura:Galatheoidea:Munididae) from Chinese waters

The present paper reports five species of squat lobster,genus Agononida Baba and de Saint Laurent,1996,of which A.squamosa(Henderson,1885) and A.cf.variabilis(Baba,1988) were not previously reported in Chinese waters.All the specimens are kept in the Marine Biological Museum collection in the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao.To date,there have been 11 species of this genus recorded from China's seas.A key to those species is provided in this paper.

On a new species of Paragoneplax Castro (Crustacea: Decapoda: Goneplacidae), P. chenae sp. nov. from the South China Sea

A new species of goneplacid crab, Paragoneplax chenae, is described, based on collections from the Nansha Islands, South China Sea. P. chenae closely resembles its only congener P. serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) in general appearance. They are distinguishable from each other by the male abdominal and gonopodal characters.

A NEW SPECIES OF RANINOIDES (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: RANINIDAE) FROM OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF HAINAN ISLAND AND NANSHA ISLANDS

Raninoides longifrons new species, off SE coast of Hainan Island, dorsal surface of carapace with an arched granular edge across carapace between the anterolateral teeth, median frontal tooth longest, second frontal teeth subquadrate.

泛甲壳动物激素调控卵黄蛋白原合成的分子机制研究进展

甲壳动物和昆虫由于进化上亲缘关系近,被统称泛甲壳动物,大多数泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原为雌性特异性蛋白,是卵母细胞中储存的卵黄蛋白的前体,可为胚胎发育提供营养和能量,是决定繁殖性能的关键因素,在生殖发育中起着十分重要的作用。已有研究证明,调控泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原的主要激素有保幼激素、蜕皮激素、神经肽和胰岛素样肽等。昆虫保幼激素和蜕皮激素发挥促进作用,而神经肽和胰岛素样肽对卵黄蛋白原合成的调控作用因种类不同而存在不同。除了以上激素,甲壳动物特有的眼柄高血糖激素家族以及促雄腺激素(IAG)对卵黄蛋白原的合成起负调控作用。本文总结了近年来泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原合成调控机制的相关研究,概括并比较了调控昆虫与甲壳动物的卵黄蛋白原合成的主要激素及调控机制,为养殖虾蟹甲壳动物生殖调控相关研究提供参考。

异尾次目寄居蟹总科线粒体基因组比较分析及系统发育研究

为厘清异尾次目(Anomura)寄居蟹总科(Paguroidea)分类及系统发育关系,研究测定分析了活额寄居蟹科(Diogenidae)刺足真寄居蟹(Dardanus hessii)的线粒体基因组全序列,并与其他已公布的16种寄居蟹总科线粒体基因组进行了比较分析。所有寄居蟹总科种类线粒体基因组均包含37个基因和1段长的非编码控制区。线粒体基因组相似性及共线性分析显示所有17种寄居蟹总科的线粒体基因组均经历了基因重排。重排可分为7种类型,其中寄居蟹科(Paguridae)占4种,活额寄居蟹科2种,门螯寄居蟹科(Pylochelidae)1种。遗传距离、序列相似性及系统发育树均显示长腕寄居蟹(Pagurus filholi)与日本寄居蟹(Pagurus japonicus)为同一物种,暗示其中至少有一个物种鉴定有误。系统发育树显示活额寄居蟹科物种并未聚为一支,其中下齿细螯寄居蟹(Clibanarius infraspinatus)与整个陆寄居蟹科(Coenobitidae)聚为一支,表明活额寄居蟹科为并系群。研究结果不仅有助于更好地理解寄居蟹总科的线粒体基因重排和系统发育,并为线粒体基因重排作为系统发育分子标记的适用性提供了见解。

Vestrogothia spinata(Phosphatocopina,Crustacea),Fossils of Orsten-type Preservation from the Upper Cambrian of Western Hunan,South China

Fossils of Orsten-type preservation represented by the crustacean Skaracarida and Phosphatocopida were found in western Hunan, South China in 2005, including the important phosphatocopid species Vestrogothia spinata based on exquisitely preserved soft-bodied specimens that allow the first growth stage to be reestablished. The taxonomy of Vestrogothia spinata is revised employing the character of a two-divided limb stem of the mandible. A new foundation for the phylogeny of the Phosphatocopina using mandible characters related to crustacean appendages is postulated. Vestrogothia spinata has only previously been found from Sweden.

Two New“Notostracans”,Chenops gen.nov.and Jeholops gen.nov. (Crustacea:Branchiopoda:?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation,Northeastern China

The Early Cretaceous Jehol biota of northeastern China contains a diverse group of notostracans, including two genera, Chenops and Jeholops, described here. Chenops is characterized by a combination of an ovate carapace, narrow anal plate, equant distal endites and endopod on the anterior thoracic limbs. In addition to the new species, Chenops yixianensis, the genus also provisionally includes Prolepidurus oblongus Oleynikov, 1968. Jeholops, however, is monotypic, represented by the new species Jeholops hongi. It is characterized by a combination of kazacharthran and notostracan features unique to this taxon. Both new genera are provisionally placed in the taxon Notostraca. More detailed work exploring the morphology of exceptionally-preserved branchiopod crustaceans is needed. The difficulties in placing fossil notostracans into a phylogenetie framework are discussed.

Resting Stages of Crustaceans in the Crimean Hypersaline Lakes(Ukraine) and Their Ecological Role

1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"sleeping"state(Radzikowski,2013).Bank of resting stages of planktonic organisms is an important component of the plankton community,without which we cannot understand community dynamics(Brendonck and De Meester,2003).

Molecular Phylogeny of Parapenaeopsis Alcock, 1901(Decapoda: Penaeidae) Based on Chinese Materials and 16S rDNA and COI Sequence

The phylogenetic relationship among Chinese Parapenaeopsis species was studied by comparing 16S rDNA and COI gene sequence. The results showed that Parapenaeopsis hardwickii(Miers, 1878) and P. cultrirostris Alcock, 1906 identified from Chinese samples were the same species. Parapenaeopsis cornuta(Kishinouye, 1900), P. incisa Liu and Wang, 1987, and P. sinica Liu and Wang, 1987 were different species. However, their systematic relationship were closer than those of other species, and they formed an advanced branch in the phylogenetic trees. Additionally, the systematic position of P. hardwickii(Miers, 1878), P. hungerfordi Alcock, 1905, and P. tenella(Bate, 1888) were not stable in the phylogenetic trees. More genetic markers such as 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA were supposed to be used to confirm the phylogenic relationship of Parapenaeopsis species.

Dormant stages of crustaceans as a mechanism of propagation in the extreme and unpredictable environment in the Crimean hypersaline lakes

A pool of dormant stages of planktonic organisms in saline lakes is a substantial component in the plankton communities;we need to take it into account to understand plankton dynamics.Hypersaline water bodies in Crimea,the largest peninsula in the Black Sea,constitute a very characteristic and peculiar habitat type in the region.We examined the presence of crustacean resting stages in sediments of dried up sites of the Crimean hypersaline lakes.Sediment samples were taken in 9 different lakes.Experiments performed on the hatching of these resting stages showed the presence of Moina salina(Cladocera),parthenogenetic Artemia and Artemia urmiana(Anostraca),Eucypris mareotica( inflata)(Ostracoda),and Cletocamptus retrogressus(Harpacticoida).Comparing the experimental results obtained with clean dried brine shrimp cysts and those kept in sediment samples,it was noted that clean cysts hatched much faster than those from sediments did.Some components in bottom sediments slow down and desynchronize hatching from resting eggs in different groups of crustaceans.The sediments of different lakes inhibited the nauplii output from Artemia and ostracod resting eggs to different degrees.More data are needed before we can discuss the reasons of this inhibition.The nonsynchronous output of active stages from the bottom resting ones may be an adaptation that allows crustacean species to exist in extreme and unpredictably changing environments,avoiding the risk that all may emerge at once under unsuitable conditions.

Diversity of Bacteria Isolated from Crustacea Larvae and Their Rearing Water

The bacteria in the genus Vibrio are heterothrophic, which exist in the larval rearing water of Crustacea and often show diverse pathogenicities to marine animals. In order to assess the bacterial diversity associated with Crustacean seed production, 32 strains were isolated from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and mangrove crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae and their rearing-water and characterized using biochemical and molecular approaches. Two or more genotypically different species were identified. The vibriosis of black tiger shrimp was caused by V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus and Vibrio spp. predominantly, while that of crab by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus only.

Diversity and abundance of mangrove fiddle crabs, genus Uca(Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at a mangrove in Kema,North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs(genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance.The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m2, 32.89 ind./m2and 14.22 ind./m2at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season.

The paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata (Lucas, 1846)： first record from the Atlantic coast of Morocco

The littoral paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata （Lucas, 1846） is recorded for the first time from the littoral of El Jadida located on the Atlantic northwest coast of Morocco. Specimens were obtained from the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and the natives Bifurcaria bifurcata and Cystoseira tamariscifolia in January 2015. This new record further confirms a significant southward distribution of P. nigropunctata and contributes to the knowledge of the biogeography of this isopod. Heretofore, the species was only known from the western and eastern Mediterranean and some Atlantic coasts. The present finding is the first of the species from Moroccan Atlantic shores, and suggests that the species may also be present in other coastal localities from Morocco and Africa. Some data on morphology, ecology and spatial distribution of the species are provided.

Phylomitogenomics of Malacostraca(Arthropoda: Crustacea)

Along with the sequencing technology development and continual enthusiasm of researchers on the mitochondrial genomes, the number of metazoan mitochondrial genomes reported has a tremendous growth in the past decades. Phylomitogenomics—reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial genomic data—is now possible across large animal groups. Crustaceans in the class Malacostraca display a high diversity of body forms and include large number of ecologically and commercially important species. In this study, comprehensive and systematic analyses of the phylogenetic relationships within Malacostraca were conducted based on 86 mitochondrial genomes available from Gen Bank. Among 86 malacostracan mitochondrial genomes, 54 species have identical major gene arrangement（excluding t RNAs） to pancrustacean ground pattern,including six species from Stomatopoda, three species from Amphipoda, two krill, seven species from Dendrobranchiata（Decapoda）, and 36 species from Pleocyemata（Decapoda）. However, the other 32 mitochondrial genomes reported exhibit major gene rearrangements. Phylogenies based on Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of the protein-coding genes produced a robust tree with 100% posterior probability at almost all nodes. The results indicate that Amphipoda and Isopoda cluster together（Edriophthalma）（BPP=100）.Phylomitogenomic analyses strong support that Euphausiacea is nested within Decapoda, and closely related to Dendrobranchiata, which is also consistent with the evidence from developmental biology. Yet the taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial genome from Malacostraca is very biased to the order Decapoda, with no complete mitochondrial genomes reported from 11 of the 16 orders. Future researches on sequencing the mitochondrial genomes from a wide variety of malacostracans are necessary to further elucidate the phylogeny of this important group of animals. With the increase in mitochondrial genomes available, phylomitogenomics will emerge as an important component in the Tree of Life researches.

A new record of a species of Alpheus(Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from China

This paper reports a new record of Alpheus tenuicarpus de Man, 1908 that belongs to the Brevirostris group of Alpheus from Chinese seas. The species is re-described and includes morphological characters not in the original description. A key to species of the group is provided. Remarks on similar species are also provided.

Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems:Amphipods(Crustacea:Amphipoda)as a Model Group

The introduction of non-indigenous species(NIS),de­liberately or unintentionally,by means of human action,is considered one of the major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide[1].Some of these spe­cies successfully establish,spread rapidly into new loca­tions,and become invasive,altering ecosystem services and causing both significant ecological and socio-econom­ic impacts[1,2].

Medaeops Guinot,1967(Brachyura,Xanthidae)from China seas,with the resurrection of Medaeops japonicus(Rathbun,1898)

The xanthid genus Medaeops Guinot,1967 currently contains seven species reported from the Indo-West Pacific region.However,only one species,Medaeops granulosus(Haswell,1882),has been recorded from China seas and was once thought to be widespread in the Indo-West Pacific region.In this study,two species of the Medaeops granulosus species-group were identified during the analysis on Medaeops crabs from China seas.Medaeops japonicus(Rathbun,1898),which had previously been considered a junior synonym of M.granulosus,is shown to be a distinct species that can be distinguished from M.granulosus by the lower first anterolateral tooth,the larger and concentrated granules on carapace dorsally,and the different shape of the male’s first gonopod.In addition,a new recorded species,Medaeops edwardsi Guinot,1967,was reported from China seas for the first time.A molecular analysis was conducted to determine the status of each species,and an updated key for species of the genus Medaeops was provided.

十足目异尾次目线粒体基因组比较分析及重排研究进展

近年来,线粒体基因组被广泛应用于物种鉴定、群体遗传、系统演化及适应性进化等领域。十足目异尾次目是一类体型介于虾类和蟹类之间高度特化的甲壳动物,在海洋生物系统演化研究中具有十分重要的意义。然而,与短尾次目相比,人们对异尾次目线粒体基因组关注度明显不足;迄今为止对该类群线粒体基因组及基因重排现象仍缺乏系统全面的了解。本研究综述了异尾次目线粒体基因组的研究现状,并对GenBank数据库已公布的26种异尾次目线粒体基因组全序列进行了比较分析,总结了该类群线粒体基因组的基本特征。在此基础上,首次分析了该类群线粒体基因组常见的重排类型及可能的重排机制。比较发现异尾次目线粒体基因组均发生了重排,表现为15种不同重排类型;这些重排事件都可以用复制-随机丢失模型和线粒体内重组模型进行合理的解释。综述还对重排现象在异尾次目系统发育中的应用进行了探讨,以期为异尾次目线粒体基因组进化及系统发育研究提供科学依据。