Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of One-Time Endodontics in the Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis with Sinus Tract in Pediatric Deciduous Teeth

Objective:To observe the effectiveness and safety of one-time endodontics in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in pediatric deciduous teeth.Methods:109 cases of children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in the deciduous teeth treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and grouped by the randomized numerical table method,with 54 cases in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group.The experimental group was treated with one-time endodontics and the control group was treated with conventional endodontics.Results:After the treatment,the total effective rate of treatment was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse events was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the satisfaction of the children's family members was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the pain duration was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the experimental group,children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract of the deciduous teeth were given one-time endodontic treatment,and the results of its implementation were relatively good.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide,which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments.Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner,show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.AIM To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A(ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice,and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.METHODS We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis,as well as the associated underlying mechanisms.RESULTS SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+,CD4+,tumor necrosis-alpha+,and interferon-gamma+inflammatory cells.Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice.SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations.Mechanistically,ConA upregulated tumor necrosisalpha and interferon-gamma expression,which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis,resulting in acute liver injury.SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.

Preliminary molecular analysis of bacterial composition in periapical lesions with primary endodontic infections of deciduous teeth

Background The bacterial composition of periapical lesions in deciduous teeth has not been well documented.This study was designed to explore the bacterial compositions,especially the dominant bacteria in periapical lesions using 16S rRNA sequencing.Methods Tissue samples were collected from 11 periapical lesions in deciduous teeth with primary endodontic infections.DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed using 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing for the identification of bacteria.Results All DNA samples were positive for 16S rRNA gene PCR.One hundred and fifty-one phylotypes from 810 clones were identified to eight phyla,and each sample contained an average of 25.9 phylotypes.In addition,59 phylotypes were detected in more than two samples,and Fusobacterium （F.） nucleatum （8/11）,Dialister （D.） invisus （8/11）,Campylobacter （C.） gracilis （7/11）,Escherichia （E.） coil DH1 （6/11）,Aggregatibacter （A.） segnis （6/11）,and Streptococcus （S.） mitis （6/11） were the most prevalent species.Furthermore,45 as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes were also identified.Conclusions Chronic periapical lesions in deciduous teeth contained polymicrobial infections.F.nucleatum,D.invisus,C.gracilis,E.coli DH1,A.segnis,and S.mitis were the most prevalent species detected by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Application of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration

Dental stem cells can differentiate into different types of cells.Dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligament stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,and dental follicle progenitor cells are five different types of dental stem cells that have been identified during different stages of tooth development.The availability of dental stem cells from discarded or removed teeth makes them promising candidates for tissue engineering.In recent years,three-dimensional(3D)tissue scaffolds have been used to reconstruct and restore different anatomical defects.With rapid advances in 3D tissue engineering,dental stem cells have been used in the regeneration of 3D engineered tissue.This review presents an overview of different types of dental stem cells used in 3D tissue regeneration,which are currently the most common type of stem cells used to treat human tissue conditions.

SHED-derived exosomes ameliorate hyposalivation caused by Sjögren’s syndrome via Akt/GSK-3b/Slug-mediated ZO-1 expression

Background:Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is an autoimmune disorder characterized by sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations.The treatment is still challenging.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic role and mechanism of exosomes obtained from the supernatant of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED-exos)in sialadenitis caused by SS.Methods:SHED-exos were administered to the submandibular glands(SMGs)of 14-week-old non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice,an animal model of the clinical phase of SS,by local injection or intraductal infusion.The saliva flow rate was measured after pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection in 21-week-old NOD mice.Protein expression was examined by western blot analysis.Exosomal microRNA(miRNAs)were identified by microarray analysis.Paracellular permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance measurement.Results:SHED-exos were injected into the SMG of NOD mice and increased saliva secretion.The injected SHED-exos were taken up by glandular epithelial cells,and further increased paracellular permeability mediated by zonula occluden-1(ZO-1).A total of 180 exosomal miRNAs were identified from SHED-exos,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway might play an important role.SHED-exos treatment down-regulated phospho-Akt(p-Akt)/Akt,phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3b(p-GSK-3b)/GSK-3b,and Slug expressions and up-regulated ZO-1 expression in SMGs and SMG-C6 cells.Both the increased ZO-1 expression and paracellular permeability induced by SHED-exos were abolished by insulin-like growth factor 1,a PI3K agonist.Slug bound to the ZO-1 promoter and suppressed its expression.For safer and more effective clinical application,SHED-exos were intraductally infused into the SMGs of NOD mice,and saliva secretion was increased and accompanied by decreased levels of p-Akt/Akt,p-GSK-3b/GSK-3b,and Slug and increased ZO-1 expression.Conclusion:Local application of SHED-exos in SMGs can ameliorate Sjögren syndrome-induced hyposalivation by increasing the paracellular permeability of glandular epithelial cells through Akt/GSK-3b/Slug pathway-mediated ZO-1 expression.

Comparison of Osteogenesis Between Two Kinds of Stem Cells from Goat Combined Calcium Phosphate Cement in Tissue Engineering

To explore the possible mechanism of osteogenesis for deciduous teeth stem cells (DTSCs) in vivo/ vitro, stem cells from goat deciduous teeth (SGDs) were firstly isolated, induced and transplanted into immunocompromised mice. The SGDs's mineralization pattern and osteogenesis were compared with bone marrow messenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from goats. SGDs have similar osteogenic differentiation pattern in vitro and bone-like tissue formation mechanism in vivo to BMMSCs; moreover SGDs have stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and osteopontin (OPN) gene expression levels than BMMSCs; also SGDs can form more bone-like tissues than BMMSCs when cell-scaffold compounds are transplanted into immunocompromised mice. This pre-clinical study in a large-animal model confirms that DTSCs may be an appropriate source of stem cells in repairing bone defects with tissue engineering.