Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for Jamming Aided Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks

In this paper,we explore a cooperative decode-and-forward(DF)relay network comprised of a source,a relay,and a destination in the presence of an eavesdropper.To improve physical-layer security of the relay system,we propose a jamming aided decodeand-forward relay(JDFR)scheme combining the use of artificial noise and DF relaying which requires two stages to transmit a packet.Specifically,in stage one,the source sends confidential message to the relay while the destination acts as a friendly jammer and transmits artificial noise to confound the eavesdropper.In stage two,the relay forwards its re-encoded message to the destination while the source emits artificial noise to confuse the eavesdropper.In addition,we analyze the security-reliability tradeoff(SRT)performance of the proposed JDFR scheme,where security and reliability are evaluated by deriving intercept probability(IP)and outage probability(OP),respectively.For the purpose of comparison,SRT of the traditional decode-and-forward relay(TDFR)scheme is also analyzed.Numerical results show that the SRT performance of the proposed JDFR scheme is better than that of the TDFR scheme.Also,it is shown that for the JDFR scheme,a better SRT performance can be obtained by the optimal power allocation(OPA)between the friendly jammer and user.

System Outage Probability and Diversity Analysis of a SWIPT Based Two-Way DF Relay Network Under Transceiver Hardware Impairments

This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all transceivers are considered.After harvesting energy and decoding messages simultaneously via a power splitting scheme,the energy-limited relay node forwards the decoded information to both terminals.Each terminal combines the signals from the direct and relaying links via selection combining.We derive the system outage probability under independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels.It reveals an overall system ceiling(OSC)effect,i.e.,the system falls in outage if the target rate exceeds an OSC threshold that is determined by the levels of HIs.Furthermore,we derive the diversity gain of the considered network.The result reveals that when the transmission rate is below the OSC threshold,the achieved diversity gain equals the sum of the shape parameter of the direct link and the smaller shape parameter of the terminalto-relay links;otherwise,the diversity gain is zero.This is different from the amplify-and-forward(AF)strategy,under which the relaying links have no contribution to the diversity gain.Simulation results validate the analytical results and reveal that compared with the AF strategy,the SWIPT based two-way relaying links under the DF strategy are more robust to HIs and achieve a lower system outage probability.

A LOWER COMPLEXITY ANTENNA SELECTION FOR DF RELAY MIMO SYSTEMS

Based on the existing incremental selection algorithm for Decode-and-Forward (DF) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, a faster one which combines the incremental selection with the decremental exclussion is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm selects one antenna which makes the increment of the capacity greatest in every step. Then, excludes the antennas whose contribution to the capacity is less than μ% of that of the best antenna. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable performance to the existing one and has obviously decreased complexity under the appropriate threshold μ% .

Performance analysis of diffusion-based decode-and-forward relay with depleted molecule shift keying

The distance-decay effect of molecular signals makes communication range a major challenge for diffusion-based Molecular Communication(MC).To solve this problem,the intermediate nano-machine is deployed as a relay between the transmitter and its intended receiver nano-machines.In this work,we employ the Depleted Molecule Shift Keying(D-MoSK)to model a Decode-and-Forward(DF)relay communication scheme.The closed-form expression of Bit Error Rate(BER)for the concerned DF relay with D-MoSK is derived.Meanwhile,the maximum a posteriori probability,minimum error probability,and maximum likelihood schemes are formulated for data detection.The relationships between BER and other key parameters,including the number of released molecules,receiving radius,and relay position,are investigated in detail.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve communication reliability significantly.Moreover,the performance gain can be maximized by optimizing the position of the relay and the receiving radius.

Arbitrary Decode-Forward Relaying with Re-Encoded Bits Selection Strategy for Polar Codes

In this paper,we propose an arbitrary decode-forward single-relay scheme for finite blocklength polar codes,which can be applied to the general symmetric discrete memoryless relay channel with orthogonal receiver components.The relay node decodes the received message.The relay node selectively re-encodes the message and transmits it to the destination node.Furthermore,in order to minimize the upper-bound of the block error probability,we propose a selection strategy to decide the proper re-encoded bit set by the relay.Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improvement in decoding performance of the proposed scheme compared to conventional relay schemes in both additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel and Rayleigh fading channel(RFC).

Performance Analysis of NOMA-Based Cooperative Networks with Relay Selection

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)technique is an expert on channel differences exploiting.In this paper,a dual-hop NOMA-based cooperative relaying network where a best relay is selected as an active node to accomplish the communication between a source and a destination is discussed.We assume that both decode-and-forward(DF)and amplify-and-forward(AF)protocols are applied to the selected relay.The metrics that ergodic sum-rate and outage probability are investigated,and the closed-form expressions of the latter for DF and AF protocols are derived.Numerical and simulation results are conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis,in which we can see that the NOMA based DF relaying is better than the NOMA based AF relaying and other existing NOMA-based cooperative communication schemes.

Relay Selection Strategy in the Secure Cooperative Communications System

With the low cost and low hardware complex considerations,cooperative systems are a tendency in the future communications.This work considers the secure cooperative communications systems.For a practical situation in the system,the scenario includes multiple source stations,multiple relay stations,multiple destination stations,and eavesdroppers.To analyze the optimal relay selection in the system,we begin with the performance analysis for a single source station and a single destination station.By applying two cooperative models,the amplify-andforward（AF） mode and decode-and-forward（DF）mode,the secrecy capacity is derived.Then,we apply the derived results to the considered environment to find the optimal relay assignment.By the way,the relay selection can be obtained by the exhaustive search algorithm.However,there are a lot of steps needed if the number of source stations is large.Hence,applying the characters of the cooperative modes in the relay selection,the pre-selection step is proposed with a mathematical derivation.It could be used for the practical situation without a long-time calculation.

Performance of Relay Networks in Fading Environments with Dominant Specular Components

Radio propagation in dense and super dense wireless networks as well as indoor-to-outdoor picocell networks can have multiple line-of-sight or multiple specular components. The performance of a dual-hop decode-and-forward relaying system over multiple specular components fading channels(MSCC)with multiple Rayleigh distributed co-channel interferers in an interference-limited environment is investigated. The MSCC fading model is designed to allow direct and meaningful comparisons to be made between line-of-sight channels and non-line-of-sight channels, with exact parameter correspondences. Comparisons of outage and bit error performance between Nakagami-m/Rayleigh and MSCC/Rayleigh fading environments show that the MSCC model is needed to describe line-of-sight channels that cannot be accurately modeled by the Nakagami-m, or other fading models.

SER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DECODE-AND-FORWARD COOPERATIVE SCHEME IN SATELLITE MOBILE CHANNEL

In this paper,Symbol-Error-Rate(SER) performance analysis is provided for a Decode-and-Forward(DF) cooperative scheme in satellite mobile channel environment.We present a satellite mobile cooperative communication system model and derive two generalized error probability ex-pressions with Cyclical Redundancy Check(CRC) or not.We also derive and simulate SER of the proposed system over different satellite mobile channels.The results show that the analytical results are in great accordance with the ones obtained by simulation.Also,it was shown that,whether or not adopt CRC depends on the channel link quality between the source node and the relay node.

Modified Cooperative Subchannel Allocation Algorithms and PSO Based Power Allocation for an Alamouti Decode and Forward Relaying Protocol in Multiuser OFDMA Systems

The present work is a discussion on the performance analysis of Modified Cooperative Subchannel Allocation (CSA) Algorithms which is used in Alamouti Decoded and Forward (Alamouti DF) Relaying Protocol for wireless multi-user Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) systems. In addition, the performance of approximate Symbol Error Rate (SER) for the Alamouti DF Relaying Protocol with the Cooperative Maximum Ratio Combining Technique (C-MRC) is analyzed and compared with SER upper bound. The approximate SER is asymptotically tight bound at higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). From the asymptotic tight bound approximate SER, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Power Allocation (PA) is determined for the Alamouti DF Relaying Protocol. The simulation results suggested that the Modified Throughput based Subchannel Allocation Algorithm achieved an improved throughput of 6% to 33% compared to that of existing cooperative diversity protocol. Further, the Modified Fairness based Subchannel Allocation Algorithm rendered fairness of 7.2% to 17% among the multiuser against the existing cooperative diversity protocol.

Transmission scheme and performance analysis for decode-and-forward MIMO two-way relay systems

In rd （DF） MIMO two-way relay systems, the transmission schemes are designed and the closed-form expressions for the outage probability and average symbol error rate （ASER） of the twoway relay system are derived based on two different scenarios of channel state information （CSI）. For perfect CSI, the maximum-ratio-transmission and combining （MRT-MRC） technique is applied to design the beamforming and combining vectors. Without perfect CSI, the transmission scheme with limited feedback is designed, and the analytical results are verified through two kinds of codebooks, i.e., random vector quantization and Grassmann. The simulation results show that, the proposed transmission schemes for the two-way relay system can outperform other transmission schemes in the performance of outage probability and ASER, and the accuracy of the derived closed-form expressions is also verified by the numerical simulations.

Distributed Cooperative OFDM-IM System

This paper considered a multi-relay distributed cooperative system in which not only the source communicates with the destination,but also the relays have communication requests with the destination.In order to achieve the requirements of simultaneous communication for the source and relays,we propose a distributed cooperative system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation(OFDM-IM).In this system,the relay can communicate with the destination by superimposing its own signal over the inactive subcarriers on the decoded OFDM-IM signal.Upper bounds on the bit error rates of the source and the active relay are both derived in closed form,whose tightness is verified through simulation results.

A Cooperative Diversity Analysis of Two User Mobile Communication System with Maximal Ratio Combining

Cooperative communication is going to play a vital role in the next generation wireless networks. In this paper we derive the expression for symbol error probability (SEP) of a two-user cooperative diversity system, where two users cooperate through the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. We compare the computational results obtained by the SEP expression with the simulation results using maximal-ratio combining (MRC), equal-gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SC) techniques. Numerical results show the performance of a cooperative diversity system with maximal-ratio combining is giving better results compared to SC and EGC techniques.

Transmit Power Optimization for Relay-Aided Multi-Carrier D2D Communication

In this paper, we consider the power optimization problem in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM）-based relay-enhanced device-to-device （D2D） communication. In a single cell transmission scenario, dual- hop communication is assumed in which each D2D user re-uses the spectrum of just one Cellular User （CU）. In this work, we formulate a joint optimization scheme under a Decode-and-Forward （DF） relaying protocol to maximize the sum throughput of D2D and cellular networks via power allocation over different sub-carriers. The problem is thus transformed into a standard convex optimization, subject to individual power constraints at different transmitting nodes. We exploit the duality theory to decompose the problem into several sub-problems and use Karush-Kuhn- Tucker （KKT） conditions to solve each sub-problem. We provide simulation results to validate the performance of our proposed scheme.

Joint selection of adaptive relaying mode in cooperative transmission

Relay is a promising technology in wireless communications. There are several relaying modes for different channel conditions In this article, an adaptive relaying mode selection scheme by destination and relay is proposed. The proposed scheme changes the signal forwarding mode at the relay station. It adaptively chooses among amplify-and-forward （AF）, decode-and-forward （DF） and direct mode according to cyclic redundancy check （CRC） detection at relay and destination. Moreover, block error rate （BLER） and throughput are adopted to evaluate system performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other existing relaying mode selection schemes.

Achieving the capacity of half-duplex degraded relay channels using polar coding

In this paper, a novel transmission protocol based on polar coding is proposed for the half-duplex degraded relay channel. In the proposed protocol, referred to as the partial message relaying, the relay only needs to forward a part of the decoded source message that the destination needs according to the exquisite nested structure of polar codes. Theoretically, it is proved that the scheme can achieve the capacity of the half-duplex relay channel under the decode-and-forward （DF） cooperation strategy while enjoying low encoding/decoding complexity. Practically, in order to minimize the global transmission power, the optimization of the power allocation is performed between the source and the relay by using information theoretic tools. Furthermore, a joint iterative soft parallel interference cancellation receiver structure is developed to suit to the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme designed by low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes.

Spectral efficient half-duplex relaying with interference suppression

Two-hop relaying systems suffer spectral efficiency loss due to the half-duplex property of relays. This paper proposes an efficient relaying protocol which can recover the spectral efficiency loss but still work with half-duplex relays. However,there exists inter-relay interference which degrades the performance of the protocol. With this consideration,a power control policy is derived to suppress the interference using game theory,and then an algorithm is given to facilitate distributed implementation. Furthermore,impact of deploying more destination antennas on performance of the relaying protocol is investigated. Simulation results show that,with the power control policy,the proposed relaying protocol can achieve high spectral efficiency.

Joint Resource Allocation for Lifetime-aware Cooperative Multi-carrier DF System

In this paper,we study the problem of optimal resource allocation for lifetime maximization in an orthogonal-frequencydivision multiplexing(OFDM)system with decode-and-forward relay.The goal is to minimize total energy cost of the system by jointly optimizing power allocation,subcarrier pairing and relay selection.We present a heuristic solution that is composed of two parts.The first part is an optimal power allocation approach to allocate power to a subcarrier pair of the source and the relay.The second part is a modified Hungarian algorithm to make subcarrier pairing and relay selection.Evaluations show that the presented scheme outperforms other schemes in the total transmitted data and the network lifetime.