Nursing Experience of Early Application of Nasoenteric Tube for Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill ICU Patients

Objective:To investigate the effective nursing measures of early application of nasoenteric tube for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients in ICU,and to summarize the nursing experience.Methods:The study was carried out in June 2023–November 2023.62 samples of ICU critically ill patients were selected,all of whom used enteral nutrition by mesenteric tube and were grouped into an observation group(n=31)and a control group(n=31)by using the numerical table randomization method.The patients in the control group were basic nursing interventions,and the patients in the observation group were comprehensive quality care,comparing the nutritional indexes,complication rates,and nursing satisfaction between the two groups.Results:All nutritional indicators of the observation group were higher than those of the control group after nursing intervention(P<0.05);the complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive quality nursing care during the early application of a gastroenteric tube for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients in the ICU can improve nutritional indexes,reduce the incidence of complications and improve nursing satisfaction.

Rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the main complications of cirrhosis,characterized by a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric alterations that lead to an increase in mortality,morbidity and recurrent hospitalizations.Due to the central role in HE pathogenesis of ammonia and other neurotoxins primarily produced by the gut microbiota,the main therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HE are based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.Rifaximin is a non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotic,that is effective against ammonia-producing grampositive,gram-negative,and anaerobic species,approved for the treatment of HE in secondary prophylaxis.The chronic administration of rifaximin in this setting is associated with a lower risk of HE recurrence and mortality,while the role of rifaximin for the treatment of an overt-HE episode in inpatients is still unclear.Limited data exist about the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat concomitant infections,as patients receiving or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from clinical trials.In this editorial we comment on the article by Ward et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.It is a single center,retrospective,quasiexperimental,pharmacist-driven protocol,with the aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with HE and chronic liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies in intensive care units.The study revealed no differences between the protocol and control group in terms of primary outcome(days alive and free of delirium and coma to day 14)and secondary outcomes which include:Intensive care mortality,intensive care length of stay,intravenous vasopressor requirement changes and adverse effects rate.Therefore,rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy does not appear to negatively impact the clinical status of critically ill liver patients,with a similar safety profile and significant cost savings,as compared to the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics.In agreement with Ward et al,a recently published double-blind,randomized controlled trial provided additional evidence to support the feasibility of withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients.However,given the limitations of these studies,further multicentric and prospective clinical trials,enrolling a larger sample of non-critically ill patients,are needed to better establish the role of rifaximin in this setting.

Research on the Application of Evidence-Based Quality Control Circle to Improve the Implementation Rate of Airway Management Measures in Adult Critically Ill Patients

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based quality control circle (QCC) in improving the implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care model, the best evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients was obtained and applied to the clinic. Results: The total implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients increased from 23.62% before the implementation of quality control circle to 88.82%, and the pulmonary infection rate in critically ill patients decreased from 42.31% to 21.74%, with statistical significance between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based quality control circle activities can standardize the practice standards of airway management in critically ill patients, reduce the occurrence of patients’ airway related complications, and improve clinical outcomes.

Intensive care environment: Perspective of relatives of critically ill patient sustained by health technology

The intensive care unit(ICU)is a complex setting by nature,and some have described it as bizarre due to its numerous sirens that sound when anything is dangerous,constant activity,equipment,bright lights,and high fatality rate.The demands placed on nurses to care for critically ill patients in this environment frequently prevent nurses and other health‑care professionals from acknowledging the feelings of patient’s relatives or family caregivers,resulting in a hostile environment from the patient’s relative’s perspective.When a patient’s family enters the ICU,they feel that hospital administrators do little to nothing to alleviate their discomfort and fear.Despite research demonstrating the importance of providing a homely environment for patients’families,In Nigeria ICU is still far behind how a conventional ICU environment should be structured to accommodate patient’s relations in the unit.The goal of this study was to look at the patient’s relative’s perspective on providing care for a critically ill patient in an ICU,with a focus on the unit’s complexity and overall experience.Based on the findings of this study,we recommend that hospital administrators ensure that the environment of the upcoming ICU is designed to meet the needs of patient’s relatives by addressing identified environmental concerns,like caring neglect,by providing a friendly and stress‑free environment.

Logistic Regression Analysis and Nursing Interventions for High-risk Factors for Pressure Sores in Patients in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Objective： To investigate the risk factors related to the development of pressure sores in critically ill surgical patients and to establish a basis for the formulation of effective precautions. Methods： A questionnaire regarding the factors for pressure sores in critically ill surgical patients was created using a case control study with reference to the pertinent literature. After being exam- ined and validated by experts, the questionnaire was used to collect data about critically ill surgical patients in a grade A tertiary hospital. Among the 47 patients enrolled into the study, the 14 who developed nosocomial pressure sores were allocated to the pressure sore group, and the remaining 33 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not exhibit pressure sores were allocated to the control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the differences in 22 indicators between the two groups in an attempt to identify the risk factors for pressure sores. Results： According to the univariate analyses, the maximum value of lactic acid in the arterial blood, the number of days of norepinephrine use, the number of days of mechanical ventilation, the number of days of blood purification, and the number of days of bowel incontinence were statistically greater in the pressure sore group than in the control group （P〈0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of days of norepinephrine use and the level of lactic acid in the arterial blood were high risk-factors for pressure sores （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The best method for preventing and control pressure sores in surgical critically ill patients is to strongly emphasize the duration of the critical status and to give special attention to patients in a continuous state of shock. The adoption of measures specific to high-risk patient groups and risk factors, including the active control of primary diseases and the application of decompression measures during the treatment of the patients, are helpful for improving the quality of care in the prevention and control of pressure sores in critically ill patients.

Advancing critical care recovery:The pivotal role of machine learning in early detection of intensive care unit-acquired weakness

This editorial explores the significant challenge of intensive care unit-acquiredweakness(ICU-AW),a prevalent condition affecting critically ill patients,characterizedby profound muscle weakness and complicating patient recovery.Highlightingthe paradox of modern medical advances,it emphasizes the urgent needfor early identification and intervention to mitigate ICU-AW's impact.Innovatively,the study by Wang et al is showcased for employing a multilayer perceptronneural network model,achieving high accuracy in predicting ICU-AWrisk.This advancement underscores the potential of neural network models inenhancing patient care but also calls for continued research to address limitationsand improve model applicability.The editorial advocates for the developmentand validation of sophisticated predictive tools,aiming for personalized carestrategies to reduce ICU-AW incidence and severity,ultimately improving patientoutcomes in critical care settings.

Exploring the Self-Perceived Needs for Family Members Having Adult Critically Ill Loved Person: Descriptive Study

The aim of this study was to explore the self-perceived needs for adult family members having critically ill patient, measure to how extent the needs are met and identify who meet the needs. The study took place in critical care units of the largest governmental hospital in Jordan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Arabic translation of Critical Care Family Need Inventory was used to investigate the needs of convenient samples of 60 adult family members having critically ill patients. Findings revealed that 16 out of 45 need items on the CCFNI were rated as very important in >90% of the sample. The participants ranked need for assurance, information and proximity as the highest;need for support and comfort as the lowest. Families in this study viewed nurses as the most important source to meet their needs. A holistic approach of nursing management requires that nurses assess family needs using valid and reliable tools and develop intervention strategies to meet the identified needs.

Characteristics of postintensive care syndrome in survivors of pediatric critical illness: A systematic review

AIM To synthesize the available evidence focusing on morbidities in pediatric survivors of critical illness that fall within the defined construct of postintensive care syndrome(PICS) in adults, including physical, neurocognitive and psychological morbidities.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL using controlled vocabulary and key word terms to identify studies reporting characteristics of PICS in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) patients. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and performed data extraction. From the 3176 articles identified in the search, 252 abstracts were identified for full text review and nineteen were identified for inclusion in the review. All studies reporting characteristics of PICS in PICU patients were included in the final synthesis. RESULTS Nineteen studies meeting inclusion criteria published between 1995 and 2016 were identified and categorized into studies reporting morbidities in each of three categories-physical, neurocognitive and psychological. The majority of included articles reported prospective cohort studies, and there was significant variability in the outcome measures utilized. A synthesis of the studies indicate that morbidities encompassing PICS are well-described in children who have survived critical illness, often resolving over time. Risk factors for development of these morbidities include younger age, lower socioeconomic status, increased number of invasive procedures or interventions, type of illness, and increased benzodiazepine andnarcotic administration.CONCLUSION PICS-related morbidities impact a significant proportion of children discharged from PICUs. In order to further define PICS in children, more research is needed using standardized tools to better understand the scope and natural history of morbidities after hospital discharge. Improving our understanding of physical, neurocognitive, and psychological morbidities after critical illness in the pediatric population is imperative for designing interventions to improve long-term outcomes in PICU patients.

Opening the doors of the intensive care unit to cancer patients: A current perspective

The introduction of new treatments for cancer and advances in the intensive care of critically ill cancer patients has improved the prognosis and survival. In recent years, the classical intensive care unit(ICU) admission comorbidity criteria used for this group of patients have been discouraged since the risk factors for death that have been studied, mainly the number and severity of organic failures, allow us to understand the determinants of the prognosis inside the ICU. However, the availability of intensive care resources is dissimilar by country, and these differences are known to alter the indications for admission to critical care setting. Three to five days of ICU management is warranted before making a final decision(ICU trial) to consider keep down intensive management of critically ill cancer patients. Nowadays, taking into account only the diagnosis of cancer to consider ICU admission of patients who need full-supporting management is no longer justified.

重症监护病房护理缺失现状及原因分析

目的:调查重症监护病房(ICU)内护理缺失现状并分析其原因,为减少ICU护理缺失,提升重症患者护理质量提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2023年12月1日至30日在湖南省5家医院选取305名ICU护士作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表以及ICU护理缺失量表进行调查。结果:ICU护理缺失得分为(64.48±20.60)分,有91.8%的护士报告了他们在工作期间至少发现了一项护理缺失活动。其中缺失最多的项目为重症患者心理社会评估、早期康复、心理护理以及肌力和营养状况评估。ICU护理缺失受护士学历、职称、所在ICU类型的影响(P<0.05)。ICU护理缺失原因得分为(61.29±16.28)分,最主要的原因是护士人力资源不足。结论:护理缺失在ICU内发生率高,其发生受多种因素影响,提示护理管理者应重视ICU内护理缺失的发生现状及原因,并采取相应措施,进一步提高ICU护理质量。

危重症患者肠内营养中断预防及管理的最佳证据总结

目的总结危重症患者肠内营养喂养中断预防及管理最佳证据,为防范肠内营养喂养中断提供指引。方法以循证护理方法学构建护理问题,按照“6S”证据模型检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、欧洲临床营养与代谢学会、美国肠外肠内营养学会、医脉通(指南版)、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学文献等数据库中关于危重症患者肠内营养喂养中断预防及管理相关主题的文献,检索时限为建库至2023年6月10日。由2名研究者独立对纳入的文献进行评价和证据提取。结果共纳入34篇研究,总结了23条最佳证据,包括肠内营养中断定义、肠内营养启动时机、肠内营养评估与监测、肠内营养中断原因、肠内营养中断时机、预防和管理肠内营养中断策略、培训与教育7个方面。结论本研究总结的危重症患者肠内营养中断预防及管理的最佳证据,可为临床医护人员分析肠内营养中断原因、制定临床肠内营养中断干预方案提供循证依据。

ICU成人患者静脉血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据总结

目的系统检索、评价并整合ICU成人患者静脉血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据。方法依据PIPOST确立循证问题,按照“6S”金字塔模型系统检索相关数据库中ICU成人患者血管通路装置评估与适宜性选择的相关决策、指南、专家共识、证据总结、推荐实践、系统评价及原始研究等。检索时间为2018年6月1日至2023年6月1日。由2名经过循证护理培训的研究者对纳入文献独立进行文献质量评价与证据提取。结果共纳入14篇文献,其中临床决策3篇,证据总结1篇,指南4篇,专家共识4篇,随机对照试验2篇。共提取9个主题总结出34条最佳证据。结论ICU成人患者血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据总结可以为医护人员临床决策提供借鉴,但临床情境复杂多样,应根据患者病情变化及其自身情况适当调整选择策略。

早期渐进性运动在重症监护病房危重患者床旁超声监测中的干预效果

目的 探讨早期渐进性运动在重症监护病房(ICU)危重患者床旁超声监测中的干预效果。方法 对2020年1月至2022年1月在贵港市人民医院急诊ICU、重症医学科住院的120例行机械通气患者的一般资料进行回顾分析,2组均予以基础治疗和常规护理,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(60例,常规康复训练)和观察组(60例,常规康复训练+早期渐进性运动)2组。对比2组在住院期间的呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率、呼吸肌功能、肌肉参数、肌力和握力水平。结果 观察组的机械通气、ICU及总住院时间均短于对照组,VAP发生率低于对照组(P均<0.05)。入住ICU 48 h后,观察组的咳嗽峰流速、最大吸气压力水平均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。入住ICU的1周和转出ICU时,观察组的股直肌横截面积、股直肌厚度、股中间肌厚度、胫骨前肌肌肉厚度、肱二头肌厚度、桡侧腕屈肌厚度值均大于同期对照组,英国医学研究委员会量表评分和握力均较同期对照组更优(P均<0.05)。结论 早期渐进性运动在ICU危重患者床旁超声监测中的干预效果显著,可有效减少患者的ICU住院时间,减少VAP的发生,改善其呼吸肌功能,提升其肌肉厚度、肌群肌力和握力水平。

首次早期肠内营养患者发生ICU获得性衰弱的影响因素研究

目的探讨首次早期肠内营养的患者发生ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)的影响因素。方法对2021年1月至2022年12月期间在河南省人民医院急诊重症监护病房(EICU)进行首次早期肠内营养治疗的212例危重患者进行回顾性研究,根据早期肠内营养治疗期间是否发生ICU-AW分为ICU-AW组(n=76例)和非ICU-AW组(n=136例),记录两组患者的一般资料、早期肠内营养启动时间、热量-蛋白供应量及肠内营养第7天时腹内压值,分析腹内压和ICU-AW的关系,同时探讨发生ICU-AW的影响因素。结果两组患者在年龄、机械通气、急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分、血糖、进行肾脏替代治疗、使用皮质类固醇药物、平均每日热卡量、平均每日蛋白量、肠内营养不耐受、肠内营养治疗第7天时腹内压等方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中ICU-AW组患者肠内营养第7天时的腹内压为(16.42±1.52)cmH2O均为高于非ICU-AW组(12.88±2.19)cmH2O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示:发生ICU-AW的影响因素为年龄大、APACHEⅡ评分高、机械通气、使用皮质类固醇药物、平均每日热卡量及蛋白量低、发生肠内营养不耐受、肠内营养治疗第7天时腹内压高。结论年龄大、APACHEⅡ评分高、机械通气、使用皮质类固醇药物、平均每日热卡量及蛋白量低、平均每日热卡量及蛋白量低、发生肠内营养不耐受、肠内营养治疗第7天时腹内压高是首次早期肠内营养治疗患者发生ICU-AW的危险因素,应给予有针对性的早期干预。

灵活家庭探视制度对ICU患者谵妄影响的Meta分析

目的评价灵活家庭探视制度对ICU患者谵妄的影响,为针对性干预提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据等有关灵活家庭探视制度对ICU患者谵妄影响效果的研究,检索时限从建库至2023年1月13日,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料、评价质量后进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17篇文献,Meta分析结果显示,与常规探视制度相比,灵活家庭探视制度能有效降低患者谵妄发生率[OR=0.41,95%CI(0.31,0.55),P<0.05]。结论灵活家庭探视制度可降低ICU患者谵妄发生率。

基于腹内压分级肠内营养护理方案的构建及应用

目的构建基于腹内压分级的肠内营养护理方案,评价临床应用效果。方法将2023年4-11月重症监护室住院的80例伴腹内高压重症患者按时间段分为两组各40例。对照组采用常规肠内营养护理;观察组采用基于腹内压分级的肠内营养护理方案。连续实施7 d后评价效果。结果观察组与对照组分别有37例、38例完成研究。观察组喂养不耐受发生率显著低于对照组,干预7 d后总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平显著高于对照组,达预期目标喂养量时间显著短于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对ICU腹内高压重症患者实施基于腹内压分级的肠内营养护理方案,可降低喂养不耐受发生率,提高喂养有效率,改善患者营养状况。

中国多省份重症医学科ARDS患者机械通气的横断面调查

目的通过评估国内多省份重症医学科(ICU)患者机械通气相关治疗方面的差异性,以提高ICU患者机械通气相关治疗的实践与管理质量。方法2022年9月29日以问卷调查的方式开展急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者机械通气的横断面调查。结果总收纳患者中ARDS占11.74%,主要为男性患者。在ARDS的病因中,肺内因素以原发性肺炎为主,而肺外因素主要涉及消化系统(如肠穿孔、肠梗阻)和神经系统疾病(如脑卒中)。收集到的患者中,非吸入性肺炎是ARDS的主要来源(占79.17%),其次是肺内感染(占76.92%),肠道感染也是一个较常见的来源。在诊断ARDS的诊断方面,急性生理性与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)提示病情危重和中重度患者比例分别为75.00%和47.92%。重症肺部超声在ARDS患者中的应用较为普遍,约占收纳病例的56.25%,而膈肌超声的实践率较低,仅有18.75%,且均发生在三甲医院内。声门下吸引的总体实施率为45.71%,实施组中肺内组和肺外组无明显差异。气囊压监测的实施率为62.86%,东部地区的三甲医院实施率最高。在ARDS治疗方面,通气模式以压力控制通气为主(62.86%),高流量湿化氧疗占据76.92%,普通湿化氧疗占据23.08%。小潮气量的实施率为68.57%,东部地区的三甲医院(肺内组)和中部地区的三甲医院(肺外组)实施率较高。高呼吸频率、高呼气末正压(PEEP)、高碳酸血症的治疗实施率较低,可能与疾病的病程和基础疾病相关。镇静镇痛的实施率为62.86%。结论ARDS的诊断和治疗需要综合考虑患者的病情和临床表现。在治疗中,通气模式、湿化氧疗、小潮气量等的实施率都比较高,但高呼吸频率、PEEP、高碳酸血症的治疗实施率较低,需要加强。此外,应该加强ARDS的预防和早期干预,以降低其发生率和病死率。

重症患者失禁性皮炎预防管理的研究进展

阐述了重症患者失禁性皮炎的危险因素及预防管理措施。除一般危险因素外,危重疾病本身也是失禁性皮炎发展的风险因素。重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理主要包括基于信息化平台构建失禁性皮炎预防管理系统,基于循证制定预防管理干预措施,以及借助新型敷料与药物实现多元化皮肤干预。提出重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理较为复杂,需要临床护理人员进行持续深入探索。

非重症监护环境中急诊危重病人肠内营养支持阻碍现况调查

目的:探讨非重症监护环境中急诊危重症病人肠内营养支持阻碍因素,为急诊室危重病人营养支持提供参考。方法:采用改编版急诊室肠内营养喂养阻碍因素量表对医院急诊室护士进行问卷调查。结果:共有82名急诊室护士参与调查,感知的肠内营养喂养阻碍因素前5位依次为:在复苏、血流动力学稳定的病人中,病人护理的其他方面仍然优先于营养支持;医师延迟启用肠内营养支持;没有充足的时间学习和培训如何最佳地喂养急诊危重病人;没有充足的护理人力实施肠内喂养,以达到营养目标;病人营养情况评估滞后。结论:急诊危重症病人肠内营养支持存在较多阻碍因素,应积极寻找肠内营养有关的科学证据,形成急诊肠内营养支持喂养方案或工作流程,以指导临床实践。

患者报告结局测量在重症患儿院内照护中应用的范围综述

目的 对重症患儿在院期间进行的基于患者报告结局的健康测量的应用相关文献进行范围审查,剖析该领域目前的研究特点和进展。方法 以Arksey范围综述方法学为框架,系统检索包括PubMed、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,对各数据库建库至2023年1月25日的中英文原始研究文献进行检索和筛选,汇总纳入文献信息并分析。结果 最终纳入文献19篇。基于患者报告结局的重症患儿院内健康测量主要应用于以疼痛和心理健康为主的症状功能评估、健康相关生活质量评估,以及临床干预效果评价。重症监护(intensive care unit ICU)期间的自我报告主要是单维疼痛强度评估,其他更多基于自我报告的测量评价集中在ICU转出前后至出院前。临床以联合使用多种或多维测量工具为主,工具多为普适性,多数工具存在显著的年龄覆盖范围问题。结论 在重症患儿院内照护过程中对其自我报告的健康结局进行标准化测量是提高医疗照护质量、促进患儿院外康复和健康成长的重要保障。但目前重症患儿院内患者报告结局测量的研究与实践均处于较初级阶段,有必要扩大重症患儿院内自我报告健康结局的应用领域、时间范围和形式等,谨慎选择科学全面的患者报告结局测量工具,强化院内基线测量并开展高质量纵向追踪研究,以全面描绘重症患儿的全程健康,提高患儿长期生存质量。