PSO-DBNet for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Using Deep Belief Network

Data transmission through a wireless network has faced various signal problems in the past decades.The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)technique is widely accepted in multiple data transfer patterns at various frequency bands.A recent wireless communication network uses OFDM in longterm evolution(LTE)and 5G,among others.The main problem faced by 5G wireless OFDM is distortion of transmission signals in the network.This transmission loss is called peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR).This wireless signal distortion can be reduced using various techniques.This study uses machine learning-based algorithm to solve the problem of PAPR in 5G wireless communication.Partial transmit sequence(PTS)helps in the fast transfer of data in wireless LTE.PTS is merged with deep belief neural network(DBNet)for the efficient processing of signals in wireless 5G networks.Result indicates that the proposed system outperforms other existing techniques.Therefore,PAPR reduction in OFDM by DBNet is optimized with the help of an evolutionary algorithm called particle swarm optimization.Hence,the specified design supports in improving the proposed PAPR reduction architecture.

Tunnelling performance prediction of cantilever boring machine in sedimentary hard-rock tunnel using deep belief network

Evaluating the adaptability of cantilever boring machine(CBM) through in-depth excavation and analysis of tunnel excavation data and rock mass parameters is the premise of mechanical design and efficient excavation in the field of underground space engineering.This paper presented a case study of tunnelling performance prediction method of CBM in sedimentary hard-rock tunnel of Karst landform type by using tunneling data and surrounding rock parameters.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),rock integrity factor(Kv),basic quality index([BQ]),rock quality index RQD,brazilian tensile strength(BTS) and brittleness index(BI) were introduced to construct a performance prediction database based on the hard-rock tunnel of Guiyang Metro Line 1 and Line 3,and then established the performance prediction model of cantilever boring machine.Then the deep belief network(DBN) was introduced into the performance prediction model,and the reliability of performance prediction model was verified by combining with engineering data.The study showed that the influence degree of surrounding rock parameters on the tunneling performance of the cantilever boring machine is UCS > [BQ] > BTS >RQD > Kv > BI.The performance prediction model shows that the instantaneous cutting rate(ICR) has a good correlation with the surrounding rock parameters,and the predicting model accuracy is related to the reliability of construction data.The prediction of limestone and dolomite sections of Line 3 based on the DBN performance prediction model shows that the measured ICR and predicted ICR is consistent and the built performance prediction model is reliable.The research results have theoretical reference significance for the applicability analysis and mechanical selection of cantilever boring machine for hard rock tunnel.

Deep Belief Network for Lung Nodule Segmentation and Cancer Detection

Cancer disease is a deadliest disease cause more dangerous one.By identifying the disease through Artificial intelligence to getting the mage features directly from patients.This paper presents the lung knob division and disease characterization by proposing an enhancement calculation.Most of the machine learning techniques failed to observe the feature dimensions leads inaccuracy in feature selection and classification.This cause inaccuracy in sensitivity and specificity rate to reduce the identification accuracy.To resolve this problem,to propose a Chicken Sine Cosine Algorithm based Deep Belief Network to identify the disease factor.The general technique of the created approach includes four stages,such as pre-processing,segmentation,highlight extraction,and the order.From the outset,the Computerized Tomography(CT)image of the lung is taken care of to the division.When the division is done,the highlights are extricated through morphological factors for feature observation.By getting the features are analysed and the characterization is done dependent on the Deep Belief Network(DBN)which is prepared by utilizing the proposed Chicken-Sine Cosine Algorithm(CSCA)which distinguish the lung tumour,giving two classes in particular,knob or non-knob.The proposed system produce high performance as well compared to the other system.The presentation assessment of lung knob division and malignant growth grouping dependent on CSCA is figured utilizing three measurements to be specificity,precision,affectability,and the explicitness.

Virtual Nursing Using Deep Belief Networks for Elderly People (DBN-EP)

The demand for better health services has resulted in the advancementof remote monitoring health, i.e., virtual nursing systems, to watch and supportthe elderly with innovative concepts such as being patient-centric, easier to use,and having smarter interactions and more accurate conclusions. While virtual nursing services attempt to provide consumers and medical practitioners with continuous medical and health monitoring services, access to allied healthcare expertssuch as nurses remains a challenge. In this research, we present Virtual NursingUsing Deep Belief Networks for Elderly People (DBN-EP), a new framework thatprovides a virtual nurse agent deployed on a senior citizen’s home, workplace, orcare centre to help manage their health condition on a continuous basis. Using thismethod, healthcare providers can assign various jobs to nurses by utilizing a general task definition mechanism, in which a task is defined as a combination ofmedical workflow, operational guidelines, and data gathered from a remotelymonitored virtual nursing system. Practitioners are in charge of DBN-EP andmake treatment decisions for patients. This allows a DBN-EP to act as a personalized full-time nurse for a client by carrying out practitioner support activitiesbased on information gathered about the client’s health. An electronic PersonalHealth Record (ePHR) system, such as a specialized web portal and mobile apps,could provide such patient information to elderly person family members and carecentres. We created a prototype system using a DBN-EP system that allows traditional client applications and healthcare provider systems to collaborate. Finally,we demonstrate how this system may benefit the elderly through a result anddebate.

结合遗传算法的RF-DBN入侵检测方法

针对目前不平衡数据集少数类攻击样本识别率较低的问题,提出一种BorderlineSMOTE、随机森林和遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)-深度信念网络(deep belief network,DBN)相结合的入侵检测方法。首先采用BorderlineSMOTE对少数类样本进行过采样,减少数据集的不平衡度;然后使用随机森林算法实现正异常数据分类,筛选出异常数据;最后采用经GA优化的DBN网络对异常数据进行进一步分类。使用网络安全数据集CICIDS2017进行验证,该方法的准确率达到了99.85%,而且少数类样本的识别精度也有明显提高。

基于DBN和BES-LSSVM的矿用压风机异常状态识别方法

针对矿用压风机这类分布式系统的异常类别复杂、识别精度低等问题,提出了一种基于深度置信网络(DBN)和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的异常状态识别方法。首先,分析压风机组成系统及其运行机理,确定常见的异常状态类型;其次,采用DBN无监督学习方式充分挖掘监测数据中异常特征并快速提取;然后,利用秃鹰搜索算法(BES)优化LSSVM的超参数,构建最优的BES-LSSVM分类模型;最后,将DBN提取的异常特征作为BES-LSSVM模型的输入,对矿用压风机异常状态进行识别。试验验证与对比分析结果表明,相较于GA,PSO,GWO算法,BES算法的求解精度和收敛速度均有所提高,同时DBN-BES-LSSVM模型在测试集上平均识别精度达到94.65%,较PCA-LSSVM模型、DBN模型和DBN-LSSVM模型的识别精度分别提高了10.53%,5.84%和3.76%,验证了DBN-BES-LSSVM模型在矿用压风机异常特征提取以及特征识别方面的优越性。

基于DBN的液压泵劣化程度评估方法研究

针对轴向柱塞泵中心弹簧失效故障难以有效评估的问题,提出一种基于梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)和深度信念神经网络(DBN)的液压泵劣化程度评估方法。对现场采集的正常数据和3种不同程度中心弹簧失效故障的液压泵振动信号进行信号预处理,包括预加重、分帧和加窗等;对预处理后的信号进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT),得到其频率谱和功率谱,然后让其通过Mel滤波器组,得到信号的对数能量;最后对对数能量进行离散余弦变换,得到信号的倒谱系数和一阶差分系数,并以此构成特征向量。基于DBN方法搭建深度学习模型,对特征向量进行学习,将测试样本导入深度学习模型,对中心弹簧失效程度进行评估,并将倒谱系数和一阶差分系数的识别结果进行对比。结果表明:当选择倒谱系数为特征向量时,具有较高的识别精度,能够有效识别轴向柱塞泵中心弹簧的性能劣化程度。

基于加强灰狼优化VMD-DBN的变压器故障检测

针对当前在线识别变压器运行状态困难、低效的问题,通过提取箱壁的振动信号,提出了基于加强灰狼优化变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)深度置信网络(Deep Belief Network,DBN)的检测方法。首先,利用加强灰狼算法以能量误差为适应度函数,优化VMD的重要参数(分解层数k和惩罚因子α),然后分解计算各本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMF)的能量标值,组成特征数据集,用来表征变压器运行工况。最后使用深度置信网络对特征数据集进行反复学习训练,形成故障诊断模型对变压器状态进行识别。通过实验对比分析VMD能更好地提取信号中有效的特征,提高识别的精准度,同时DBN相较于其他两种经典识别算法,抽象能力更好,学习的能力更强,稳定性更高,能准确识别变压器正常、绕组辐向形变、绕组轴向形变、铁芯故障四种状态。加强灰狼优化VMD-DBN的状态识别率达到了97.45%,均值误差为0.37,相比于其他方法效果最佳。因此,所提方法具有一定的实用价值。

基于CS-DBN的锂电池剩余寿命预测

为了更准确地对锂电池剩余使用寿命进行预测,提出一种基于布谷鸟算法(CS)和深度信念网络(DBN)的预测模型。首先,引进16个影响锂电池RUL的健康因子(HI),通过随机森林(RF)选择出对于剩余寿命预测较为重要的9个HI。随后用CS去寻优深度信念网络模型中隐藏层的参数,通过寻优,建立最优的深度信念网络预测模型。最后,使用马里兰大学所收集的电池数据(CALCE)进行实验,结果表明:所提出的CS-DBN模型的拟合优度高达98%,且与其他模型的预测结果进行对比,具有更小的误差,验证了所提方法的有效性。

Nonlinear inversion for magnetotelluric sounding based on deep belief network

To improve magnetotelluric(MT)nonlinear inversion accuracy and stability,this work introduces the deep belief network(DBN)algorithm.Firstly,a network frame is set up for training in different 2D MT models.The network inputs are the apparent resistivities of known models,and the outputs are the model parameters.The optimal network structure is achieved by determining the numbers of hidden layers and network nodes.Secondly,the learning process of the DBN is implemented to obtain the optimal solution of network connection weights for known geoelectric models.Finally,the trained DBN is verified through inversion tests,in which the network inputs are the apparent resistivities of unknown models,and the outputs are the corresponding model parameters.The experiment results show that the DBN can make full use of the global searching capability of the restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM)unsupervised learning and the local optimization of the back propagation(BP)neural network supervised learning.Comparing to the traditional neural network inversion,the calculation accuracy and stability of the DBN for MT data inversion are improved significantly.And the tests on synthetic data reveal that this method can be applied to MT data inversion and achieve good results compared with the least-square regularization inversion.

A Real-Time and Ubiquitous Network Attack Detection Based on Deep Belief Network and Support Vector Machine

In recent years, network traffic data have become larger and more complex, leading to higher possibilities of network intrusion. Traditional intrusion detection methods face difficulty in processing high-speed network data and cannot detect currently unknown attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a network attack detection method combining a flow calculation and deep learning. The method consists of two parts: a real-time detection algorithm based on flow calculations and frequent patterns and a classification algorithm based on the deep belief network and support vector machine(DBN-SVM). Sliding window(SW) stream data processing enables real-time detection, and the DBN-SVM algorithm can improve classification accuracy. Finally, to verify the proposed method, a system is implemented.Based on the CICIDS2017 open source data set, a series of comparative experiments are conducted. The method's real-time detection efficiency is higher than that of traditional machine learning algorithms. The attack classification accuracy is 0.7 percentage points higher than that of a DBN, which is 2 percentage points higher than that of the integrated algorithm boosting and bagging methods. Hence, it is suitable for the real-time detection of high-speed network intrusions.

Multi-channel electromyography pattern classification using deep belief networks for enhanced user experience

An enhanced algorithm is proposed to recognize multi-channel electromyography(EMG) patterns using deep belief networks(DBNs). It is difficult to classify the EMG features because an EMG signal has nonlinear and time-varying characteristics.Therefore, in several previous studies, various machine-learning methods have been applied. A DBN is a fast, greedy learning algorithm that can find a fairly good set of weights rapidly, even in deep networks with a large number of parameters and many hidden layers. To evaluate this model, we acquired EMG signals, extracted their features, and then compared the model with the DBN and other conventional classifiers. The accuracy of the DBN is higher than that of the other algorithms. The classification performance of the DBN model designed is approximately 88.60%. It is 7.55%(p=9.82×10-12) higher than linear discriminant analysis(LDA) and 2.89%(p=1.94×10-5) higher than support vector machine(SVM). Further, the DBN is better than shallow learning algorithms or back propagation(BP), and this model is effective for an EMG-based user-interfaced system.

一种基于SSA-DBN的室内可见光指纹定位算法

室内可见光定位在精度方面有着较高的要求,针对这一问题,文中提出了一种麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)优化深度置信网络(Deep Belief Network,DBN)的室内可见光指纹定位算法。首先,采用信号强度特征值与位置坐标建立离线指纹库;其次,利用麻雀搜索算法较好的全局探索和局部开发的能力,对深度置信网络的初始权阈值进行优化,建立网络训练模型,对待定位目标的位置进行预测,避免了DBN陷入局部最优以及收敛速度较慢的问题。最后,利用已建立的离线指纹库数据,计算定位误差并分析。在4 m×4 m×2.5 m的空间中进行实验,结果表明:文中算法的平均定位误差为3.51 cm,定位误差在6 cm以内的概率为89.9%,与DBN定位算法相比,平均定位误差下降了约22.5%。

Voice activity detection based on deep belief networks using likelihood ratio

A novel technique is proposed to improve the performance of voice activity detection(VAD) by using deep belief networks(DBN) with a likelihood ratio(LR). The likelihood ratio is derived from the speech and noise spectral components that are assumed to follow the Gaussian probability density function(PDF). The proposed algorithm employs DBN learning in order to classify voice activity by using the input signal to calculate the likelihood ratio. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm yields improved results in various noise environments, compared to the conventional VAD algorithms. Furthermore, the DBN based algorithm decreases the detection probability of error with [0.7, 2.6] compared to the support vector machine based algorithm.

Deep Fake Detection Using Computer Vision-Based Deep Neural Network with Pairwise Learning

Deep learning-based approaches are applied successfully in manyfields such as deepFake identification,big data analysis,voice recognition,and image recognition.Deepfake is the combination of deep learning in fake creation,which states creating a fake image or video with the help of artificial intelligence for political abuse,spreading false information,and pornography.The artificial intel-ligence technique has a wide demand,increasing the problems related to privacy,security,and ethics.This paper has analyzed the features related to the computer vision of digital content to determine its integrity.This method has checked the computer vision features of the image frames using the fuzzy clustering feature extraction method.By the proposed deep belief network with loss handling,the manipulation of video/image is found by means of a pairwise learning approach.This proposed approach has improved the accuracy of the detection rate by 98%on various datasets.

DeepQ Based Automated Irrigation Systems Using Deep Belief WSN

Deep learning is the subset of artificial intelligence and it is used for effective decision making.Wireless Sensor based automated irrigation system is proposed to monitor and cultivate crop.Our system consists of Distributed wire-less sensor environment to handle the moisture of the soil and temperature levels.It is automated process and useful for minimizing the usage of resources such as water level,quality of the soil,fertilizer values and controlling the whole system.The mobile app based smart control system is designed using deep belief network.This system has multiple sensors placed in agriculturalfield and collect the data.The collected transmitted to cloud server and deep learning process is applied for making decisions.DeepQ residue analysis method is proposed for analyzing auto-mated and sensor captured data.Here,we used 512×512×3 layers deep belief network and 10000 trained data and 2500 test data are taken for evaluations.It is automated process once data is collected deep belief network is generated.The performance is compared with existing results and our process method has 94%of accuracy factor.Also,our system has low cost and energy consumption also suitable for all kind of agriculturalfields.

一种无监督双层DBN的轴承故障智能诊断方法

大型滚动轴承设备的运行环境复杂多变,以往利用模式识别建立的诊断方法,通常难以有效解决数据含有噪声,不完备、无标签等问题。因此提出一种无监督双层深度信念网络(DBN)的滚动轴承故障智能分类与诊断方法。方法利用DBN的逐层贪婪学习来挖掘与故障相关的特征信息并输入分类器。通过自适应模糊C均值聚类算法,识别未知数据中的异常值。若异常值密度聚集度低,则判定其为噪声,并以此消除分类过程噪声干扰;若异常值密度聚集度高,则判定其为一个新类别,并合并到故障知识库中。之后再将贝叶斯分类器的方法应用于二级DBN网络中,使故障损伤等级实现无监督学习。利用西储大学滚动轴承实验平台数据对此套方法进行验证,结论表明在有噪声和不完备数据建模情况下,可以很好地完成故障类型与损伤等级的准确划分,具有一定的智能性。

Deep belief network-based drug identification using near infrared spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)analysis technology,combined with chemometrics,can be effectively used in quick and nondestructive analysis of quality and category.In this paper,an effective drug identification method by using deep belief network(DBN)with dropout mecha-nism(dropout-DBN)to model NIRS is introduced,in which dropout is employed to overcome the overfitting problem coming from the small sample.This paper tests proposed method under datasets of different sizes with the example of near infrared diffuse refectance spectroscopy of erythromycin ethylsuccinate drugs and other drugs,aluminum and nonaluminum packaged.Meanwhile,it gives experiments to compare the proposed method's performance with back propagation(BP)neural network,support vector machines(SVMs)and sparse denoising auto-encoder(SDAE).The results show that for both binary classification and multi-classification,dropout mechanism can improve the classification accuracy,and dropout-DBN can achieve best classification accuracy in almost all cases.SDAE is similar to dropout-DBN in the aspects of classification accuracy and algorithm stability,which are higher than that of BP neural network and SVM methods.In terms of training time,dropout-DBN model is superior to SDAE model,but inferior to BP neural network and SVM methods.Therefore,dropout-DBN can be used as a modeling tool with effective binary and multi-class classification performance on a spectrum sample set of small size.

Novel DDoS Feature Representation Model Combining Deep Belief Network and Canonical Correlation Analysis

Distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks launch more and more frequently and are more destructive.Feature representation as an important part of DDoS defense technology directly affects the efficiency of defense.Most DDoS feature extraction methods cannot fully utilize the information of the original data,resulting in the extracted features losing useful features.In this paper,a DDoS feature representation method based on deep belief network(DBN)is proposed.We quantify the original data by the size of the network flows,the distribution of IP addresses and ports,and the diversity of packet sizes of different protocols and train the DBN in an unsupervised manner by these quantified values.Two feedforward neural networks(FFNN)are initialized by the trained deep belief network,and one of the feedforward neural networks continues to be trained in a supervised manner.The canonical correlation analysis(CCA)method is used to fuse the features extracted by two feedforward neural networks per layer.Experiments show that compared with other methods,the proposed method can extract better features.

Flash flood susceptibility mapping using a novel deep learning model based on deep belief network,back propagation and genetic algorithm

Flash floods are responsible for loss of life and considerable property damage in many countries.Flood susceptibility maps contribute to flood risk reduction in areas that are prone to this hazard if appropriately used by landuse planners and emergency managers.The main objective of this study is to prepare an accurate flood susceptibility map for the Haraz watershed in Iran using a novel modeling approach(DBPGA)based on Deep Belief Network(DBN)with Back Propagation(BP)algorithm optimized by the Genetic Algorithm(GA).For this task,a database comprising ten conditioning factors and 194 flood locations was created using the One-R Attribute Evaluation(ORAE)technique.Various well-known machine learning and optimization algorithms were used as benchmarks to compare the prediction accuracy of the proposed model.Statistical metrics include sensitivity,specificity accuracy,root mean square error(RMSE),and area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve(AUC)were used to assess the validity of the proposed model.The result shows that the proposed model has the highest goodness-of-fit(AUC=0.989)and prediction accuracy(AUC=0.985),and based on the validation dataset it outperforms benchmark models including LR(0.885),LMT(0.934),BLR(0.936),ADT(0.976),NBT(0.974),REPTree(0.811),ANFIS-BAT(0.944),ANFIS-CA(0.921),ANFIS-IWO(0.939),ANFIS-ICA(0.947),and ANFIS-FA(0.917).We conclude that the DBPGA model is an excellent alternative tool for predicting flash flood susceptibility for other regions prone to flash floods.