Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis:An intensivist’s perspective

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis(UEDVT)is less common than lower extremity DVT but is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit patients.Increasing cancer incidence,prolonged life expectancy and increasing use of intravascular catheters and devices has led to an increased incidence of UEDVT.It is also associated with high rates of complications like pulmonary embolism,post-thrombotic syndrome and recurrent thrombosis.Clinical prediction scores and D-dimer may not be as useful in identifying UEDVT;hence,a high suspicion index is required for diagnosis.Doppler ultrasound is commonly employed for diagnosis,but other tests like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging venography may also be required in some patients.Contrast venography is rarely used in patients with clinical and ultrasound findings discrepancies.Anticoagulant therapy alone is sufficient in most patients,and thrombolysis and surgical decompression is seldom indicated.The outcome depends on the cause and underlying comorbidities.

Preventing Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients by Acupoint Application Combined with Pneumatic Compression Therapy

Objective:To investigate and analyze the long-term clinical effects of acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture surgery among the elderly.Methods:Sixty elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups via drawing lots.Both the groups received nursing care,but the patients in the observation group were treated with TCM acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy,whereas the control group received pneumatic compression therapy.The evaluation indicators included the patients’quality of life and complications.Results:The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was more than twice(0.3%),whereas the incidence of lower extremity complications in the control group was more than 6 times(20%).There was a significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy is beneficial for the prevention of postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis among elderly patients.In addition,the patients’overall quality-of-life scores in both physiological and psychological aspects improved significantly,which carries significant clinical reference value.

Two-point compression ultrasonography: Enough to rule out lower extremity deep venous thrombosis?

BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) is a major cause of morbidity and is a common presenting complaint to the emergency department(ED). Point-of-care two-point compression ultrasonography has evolved as a quick and effective way of diagnosing DVT. The purpose of this study is to validate the prevalence and distribution of venous thrombi isolated to proximal lower extremity veins, other than common femoral and popliteal veins in patients with DVT.METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study that looked at patients presenting to the ED of a tertiary care hospital between January 2014 and August 2018. The clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging results were obtained using the hospital's electronic medical record.RESULTS: A total of 2,507 patients underwent a lower extremity duplex ultrasound during the study period. Among them, 379(15%) were included in the study. The percentages of isolated thrombi to the femoral vein and deep femoral vein were 7.92% and 0.53%, respectively. When the patients were stratified into the two groups of isolated DVT and two-point compression DVT, there were no statistically significant differences in the laboratory results between both groups. However, immobilized patients and patients with recent surgeries were more likely to have an isolated DVT.CONCLUSIONS: Thrombi isolated to proximal lower extremity veins other than the common femoral and popliteal veins make up 8.45% of DVTs. Given this significant number of missed DVTs, the authors recommend the addition of the femoral and deep femoral veins to the two-point compression exam.

Pitfalls and sources of error of color duplex ultrasonography in detecting deep vein thrombosis of proximal lower extremities

Purpose To analyze the sources of errors and discuss the techniques to eliminate pitfalls in detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the proximal lower extremities with color duplex ultrasonography (CDUS). Methods Sixty-eight cases with initial and repeat venous CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were retrospectively reviewed. The repeat was done within 24 hours after initial CDUS scanning. Comparing repeated images to initial ones, the pitfalls and sources of error in CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were discussed. Results In total 68 repeat studies, there were 62 results as same as initials and 4 cases of false negative DVT and 2 cases of false positive DVT. Conclusion Venous CDUS in detecting DVT is observer dependent. Some pitfalls and errors can be eliminated and corrected with proper scan techniques. CDUS is the most valuable imaging modality for assessing suspected DVT in the proximal lower extremities.

Analysis thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment for early stage of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities

Objective: To explore the effect of thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment for early stage of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity. Methods: The clinical data of 106 patients at the early stage of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities treated by thrombolysis with anticoagulation and dispersion drugs were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The thrombolytic effect was significant. After treatment, the deep veins were recanalized without regurgitation in 75.3% of the patients. The total effective rate was 100%. Only three patients had hemorrhagic complication, but none of the patients died. Conclusion: Thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment is an effective and safe method for DVT at the early stage.

Clinical Application of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stent Implantation in Acute Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Purpose: To analyze the application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in acute deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities. Methods: 70 patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Results: The mean circumferential diameter difference between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs and the knees at 15 cm was statistically significant. The cure rate and effective rate of the research group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting are of high value in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Discussion on Prevention and Treatment of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Orthopedic Perioperative Period from Spleen and Stomach Meridians

Deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity is one of the common complications in orthopedic perioperative period.It is caused by many factors,such as peripheral vein dilation,slow blood flow;long-term immobilization,bed rest and so on.On the one hand,it affects the early postoperative functional exercise and functional recovery,on the other hand,it increases the length of hospital stay and economic burden,increases the pain of patients and even endangers their lives.Effective treatment of traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine can play a better role in the prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.This study expounds the concept of spleen and stomach meridians in the prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis,and puts forward some opinions on the dialectical treatment and daily conditioning of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis,hoping to provide ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in traditional Chinese medicine.

Deep Venous Thrombosis: Commonly Affected Veins in the Lower Limbs

Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record the commonly affected veins in the lower limbs, to compare the affected sides and gender and to correlate the Doppler findings and stages of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of 46 already diagnosed cases of lower limb DVT. Results: Out of 46 cases of DVT, 71.74% were females. The majority of patients (93.47%) were affected in unilateral lower limb with significant predominance (65.22%) to affect the left lower limb (p Conclusion: Lower limb deep venous thrombosis affects left lower limb more than right and females more than males. Superficial femoral vein (SFV) and common femoral vein (CFV) are the most common affected veins. Lower limb DVT predominantly present in acute stage with venous distension and absent blood flow.

Prevention and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Limbs in Patients with Complications after Orthopedic Trauma Surgery

Objective:To explore and analyze on how to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with complications after orthopedic trauma surgery.Methods:The research patients were selected from the cases of surgical treatment of orthopedic trauma in the hospital during the past two years,and a total of 58 patients were selected.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,with 29 patients in the control group treated with conventional clinical methods;and the other 29 patients were assigned to the experimental group,where targeted preventive and therapeutic measures were administered.During the research,the number of complications of postoperative deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and the corresponding treatment efficacy were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:According to the results of clinical experiments,the probability of patients in the experimental group suffering from deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs after surgery was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);in addition,when complications of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs occurred,the treatment efficacy of the patients in the experimental group was 96.55%,and the treatment efficacy of the patients in the control group was 82.76%.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Through clinical experiments to study and analyze the prevention and treatment measures of deep vein thrombosis in patients with complications after orthopedic trauma surgery,this research proves that active and comprehensive preventive and treatment measures can effectively reduce the number of complications and improve surgery treatment efficacy.

Comparison of four clinical scores for the predicting lower limb deep venous thrombosis in Chinese patients

Objective：To evaluate Wells, Kahn, St.Andr 6 and Constans scores for the prediction of deep venous thrombosis in Chinese patients. Methods：One hundred and seventy-two patients, prospectively, blinded referred for evaluation with four clinical-score systems for suspected deep venous thrombosis, were examined by ultrasonography. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and receiver operation curves were calculated for four clinical scores. The difference between areas of the ROC curve for each of the scores was compared with others and reference line. Results：Forty-six of 172 patients had deep venous thrombosis proven by sonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for Wells score was 91.3%, 57.1%, 43.8% and 94.7%, respectively, for Kahn score; 65.2%, 71.4%, 45.5% and 84.9%, respectively, for St.Andr 6 score; 63%, 38.9%, 27.4% and 74.2% respectively, for Constans score; 95.7%, 34.9%, 34.9% and 95.7% respectively. Area under ROV curve of Constans score was 0.814, which was similar to that of Wells score, then followed by Kahn score and that of St.Andr 6 score was no difference with the reference line. Conclusion：Based on the results of our study, the sensitivity, negative prediction value and area under ROC curve are larger for Constans score and Wells score in Chinese hospitalized patients than that of Kahn score or St.Andr 6 score. Considering the aim of the clinical assessment, Constans score and Wells score are more efficient for Chinese hospitalized patients.

Efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(LEDVT)is a common vascular emergency with significant morbidity risks,including post-thrombotic syndrome(PTS)and pulmonary embolism.Traditional treatments like catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)often result in variable success rates and complications.AIM To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute LEDVT.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed to examine 58 hospitalised patients with acute LEDVT between August 2019 and August 2022.The patients were categorised into the percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy(PMT)group(n=24)and CDT group(n=32).The follow-up,safety and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups.The main observational indexes were venous patency score,thrombus removal effect,complications,hospitalisation duration and PTS.RESULTS The venous patency score was 9.04±1.40 in the PMT group and 8.81±1.60 in the CDT group,and the thrombus clearance rate was 100%in both groups.The complication rate was 8.33%in the PMT group and 34.84%in the CDT group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The average hospitalisation duration was 6.54±2.48 days in the PMT group and 8.14±3.56 days in the CDT group.The incidence of PTS was lower in the PMT group than in the CDT group;however,the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with CDT,treatment of LEDVT via PMT was associated with a better thrombus clearance rate,clinical therapeutic effect and PTS prevention function,but the difference was not statistically significant.Moreover,PMT was associated with a reduced urokinase dosage,shortened hospitalisation duration and reduced incidence of complications,such as infections and small haemorrhages.These results indicate that PMT has substantial beneficial effects in the treatment of LEDVT.

Combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on the postoperative deep venous thrombosis in patients with lower limb fracture

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on deep vein thrombosis(DVT) induced by surgery in patients with lower limb fracture.METHODS: Totally 86 hospitalized patients with DVT after surgery of lower limb fracture between September 2012 and January 2015 were recruited and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium, and those in the observation group were additionally given Danshen Injection and TCM decoction. The differences between two groups in occurrence rate, medication time, therapeutic effects,recurrence rate of thrombosis, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), and prothrombin time(PT) were compared.RESULTS: The occurrence rate of DVT in observation group(4.65%, 2/43) was lower than that in control group(27.91%,12/43)(P<0.05). The medication time of observation group was(6.15±2.94) d, shorter than(9.76±3.12) d in the control group(P<0.05). In observation group, 2 cases of DVT were cured(2/2); in the control group, 9 cases presented therapeutic effects and the total effective rate was 75.00%(9/12). The improvement of APTT and PT in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Integrative TCM decoction plus low-molecularweight heparin calcium is superior to applicaton of low-molecularweight heparin calcium alone in reducing and treating DVT in the postoperative patients with lower limb fracture.

Deep Vein Thrombosis:Related to Anemophilous Pollen?

The etiology of deep vein thrombosis（DVT） is still not elucidated nowadays.Based on the accordance between DVT incidence and the anemophilous pollen concentration in the air,we proposed the hypothesis that allergic reaction induced by anemophilous pollen may cause ＂idiopathic＂ DVT,and proinflammatory factors may play an important role in the thrombosis process.

椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉下手术的下肢骨折老年患者LDVT发生率比较

目的:比较椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉下手术对下肢骨折老年患者下肢深静脉血栓(LDVT)发生率的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年1月在永城市人民医院接受手术治疗的90例下肢骨折老年患者,依据随机数字表将全部患者均分为对照组(全身麻醉)与观察组(椎管内麻醉),各45例。比较两组患者手术情况、术后恢复情况、麻醉情况、术中生命体征、术后48 h运动功能状态,统计术后LDVT与麻醉并发症发生率。结果:观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后床旁活动时间及住院时间均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者麻醉生效时间、术后睁眼时间、语言陈述恢复时间、术中麻醉药物用量均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者麻醉后10 min(T1)、术毕即刻(T2)时心率、平均动脉压均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后48 h的运动功能分级优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(Z=2.183,P<0.05);观察组患者术后LDVT发生率与麻醉不良反应总发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉相比,能够有效降低下肢骨折老年患者术后LDVT发生风险。

Clinical Value of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Extremities after Cesarean Section

[Objectives]To explore the clinical nursing value of predictive nursing intervention in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section.[Methods]From December 2022 to April 2023,105 pregnant and lying-in women who were hospitalized in the Gynecology Department of Pingquan Hospital and underwent cesarean section and met the inclusion criteria were included as the study objects.According to the medical records,they were divided into observation group(n=52 cases)and control group(n=53 cases).The clinical experimental subjects were divided into two groups.One group was the control group with routine nursing,and the other group was the observation group with predictive nursing intervention.The number of cases of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups was recorded to evaluate the clinical value.[Results]The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups after cesarean section was compared,and it was suggested that the incidence of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Special predictive nursing intervention can greatly reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section,improve nursing satisfaction,and improve clinical efficacy,which is worthy of recommendation.

基于Autar评估的手术室护理对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者发生DVT的影响

目的:基于Autar评估的手术室护理对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后发生下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的影响。方法:根据护理方式不同将100例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗的直肠癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组采用手术室常规护理;观察组采用基于Autar评估的手术室护理。比较两组患者DVT风险分级、DVT发生率及血栓最大宽度,两组患者不同时间点D-二聚体水平及血流动力学指标,并记录两组患者住院期间其他不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者DVT风险分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相较于对照组,观察组患者DVT发生率更低(P<0.05),血栓最大宽度更小(P<0.05)。术后1 d,两组患者术后D-二聚体均随时间推移先上升后下降(P<0.05),且各时间点观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3 d,两组患者血流峰速度及血流平均速度均较术前下降(P<0.05),但观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。相较于对照组,观察组患者不良反应发生率更低(P<0.05)。结论:基于Autar评估的手术室护理能显著降低腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者DVT发生率。

CDT联合支架置入与系统溶栓治疗IVCS合并下肢DVT的效果及安全性对比

目的:探究并对比导管接触性溶栓(CDT)联合支架置入与系统溶栓治疗髂静脉受压综合征(IVCS)合并下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的效果及安全性。方法:选取新余市人民医院2020年6月—2022年6月收治的70例IVCS合并下肢DVT患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为非手术组和手术组,各35例。非手术组患者给予系统溶栓治疗,手术组患者给予CDT联合支架置入治疗。观察并比较两组患者凝血指标[D-二聚体(D-D)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、凝血酶原时间(PT)];静脉阻塞情况(阻塞评分、溶栓率、静脉通畅率);水肿情况(患肢围径差、消肿率);治疗期间住院情况(住院天数、住院费用);预后效果[继发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全、下肢深静脉血栓后遗症(PTS)]。结果:治疗5 d后,手术组患者D-D水平低于非手术组,t-PA水平高于非手术组,PT长于非手术组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,手术组患者阻塞评分低于非手术组(P<0.05);手术组患者溶栓率、静脉通畅率均高于非手术组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,手术组患者膝上、膝下腿围径差均小于非手术组(P<0.05);手术组患者膝上、膝下消肿率均高于非手术组(P<0.05)。手术组患者住院天数少于非手术组(P<0.05)。手术组患者继发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全发生率及PTS发生率均低于非手术组(P<0.05)。结论:CDT联合支架置入治疗用于IVCS合并下肢DVT患者可改善其临床症状,治疗效果较常规系统溶栓治疗更佳,且治疗后恢复更快,预后更为理想。

股骨颈骨折内固定术后并发下肢DVT的风险预测列线图构建及预防护理建议

目的:构建股骨颈骨折(FNF)病人内固定术后并发下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的风险预测列线图,并提出预防护理建议。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月—2022年1月在医院进行内固定术治疗的264例FNF病人的临床资料,按照病人术后住院期间是否并发下肢DVT分为并发组(40例)与未并发组(224例)。采用Logistic回归分析法筛选FNF病人内固定术后并发下肢DVT的独立危险因素,并据此构建风险预测列线图模型。采用Bootstrap自抽样法与一致性指数(C-index)评价预测模型的符合度,通过校准曲线与受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价模型的精准度与区分度。结果:并发组的年龄、入院时血小板计数、术中失血量及体质指数(BMI)>24 kg/m^(2)、Garden分型为Ⅲ/Ⅳ型、合并心脑血管疾病、入院时血清白蛋白水平<35 g/L、入院时D-二聚体水平>0.5 mg/L、受伤至手术的时间≥3 d、切开复位、使用止血带、术后隐性失血、术后卧床时间≥5 d的病人占比均高于未并发组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、入院时血清白蛋白水平<35 g/L、入院时血小板计数高、入院时D-二聚体水平>0.5 mg/L、受伤至手术的时间≥3 d、切开复位、术后卧床时间≥5 d均是FNF病人内固定术后并发下肢DVT的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。FNF病人内固定术后并发下肢DVT的列线图模型的校准曲线与理想曲线贴合良好,C-index为0.825,ROC曲线下面积为0.832[95%CI(0.781,0.875)],列线图具有良好的预测效能。结论:年龄、入院时血清白蛋白水平、血小板计数、D-二聚体水平、受伤至手术的时间、复位方式、术后卧床时间均是FNF病人内固定术后并发下肢DVT的独立影响因素,据此建立的列线图模型对FNF病人内固定术后并发下肢DVT风险的预测效能良好。

间歇性空气压力治疗仪辅助低分子肝素预防腹腔镜子宫切除术后DVT疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜子宫切除术患者使用低分子肝素辅以间歇性空气压力治疗仪按压预防下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的效果。方法选取2022年5月~2023年12月在永煤集团总医院行腹腔镜子宫切除术后伴有DVT高风险患者122例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各61例,对照组术后给予低分子肝素治疗,观察组给予低分子肝素治疗辅以间歇性空气压力治疗仪按压双下肢。比较两组患者临床疗效、凝血功能变化、术后恢复情况以及血栓弹力图指标变化。结果治疗后,观察组患者血栓发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),血清凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)水平明显高于对照组,纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组术后下床活动时间、腹痛消失时间以及住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者血栓弹力图指标凝血时间(K)、Angle角(α)无明显差异(P>0.05),观察组的凝血反应时间(R)明显高于对照组,最大振幅(MA)、凝血指数(CI)明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜子宫切除术后给予低分子肝素辅以间歇性空气压力治疗仪按压能够预防DVT形成,改善患者血栓弹力图指标水平,可在临床推广。

超声血流参数、D-二聚体手术前后变化及复合模型在创伤骨折患者下肢DVT预警中的应用价值

目的探究超声血流参数[收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、阻力指数(RI)]、D-二聚体手术前后变化及复合模型在创伤骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)预警中的应用价值。方法选取2021年7月—2023年7月收治的创伤骨折200例,根据术后是否发生下肢DVT分为发生组25例与未发生组175例。收集2组基线资料及手术前后Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体数据,根据创伤骨折患者术后下肢DVT发生影响因素构建预测复合模型,评估Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体手术前后差值联合及复合模型对创伤骨折患者术后下肢DVT发生的预测价值。绘制决策曲线分析(DCA),分析超声血流参数、D-二聚体与复合模型预测创伤骨折患者术后下肢DVT发生的获益情况。结果发生组手术时间长于未发生组,术中使用止血带比例高于未发生组(P<0.01);发生组术后3 d Vs、Vd低于未发生组,RI、D-二聚体高于未发生组(P<0.01);发生组Vs、Vd、RI及D-二聚体手术前后差值均大于未发生组(P<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,手术时间、术中使用止血带及Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体手术前后差值为创伤骨折患者术后下肢DVT发生的独立危险因素(P<0.01);以Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体手术前后差值联合预测下肢DVT的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.882(95%CI:0.829,0.923),敏感度、特异度均为0.88。构建下肢DVT预测模型,其AUC为0.920(95%CI:0.873,0.954);DCA显示,复合模型在阈值概率为0.10~0.90时具有更高的临床价值。结论手术时间、术中使用止血带及Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体手术前后差值为创伤骨折患者术后下肢DVT发生的独立危险因素;与Vs、Vd、RI、D-二聚体手术前后差值相比,多指标联合建立的复合模型在创伤骨折术后下肢DVT早期预警中应用价值更高。