Establishment of a nomogram model for predicting therapy complications in patients with polycythemia and deep venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT)residing at high altitudes can only rely on anticoagulation therapy,missing the optimal window for surgery or thrombolysis.Concurrently,under these conditions,patient outcomes can be easily complicated by high-altitude polycythemia(HAPC),which increases the difficulty of treatment and the risk of recurrent thrombosis.To prevent reaching this point,effective screening and targeted interventions are crucial.Thus,this study analyzes and provides a reference for the clinical prediction of thrombosis recurrence in patients with lower-extremity DVT combined with HAPC.AIM To apply the nomogram model in the evaluation of complications in patients with HAPC and DVT who underwent anticoagulation therapy.METHODS A total of 123 patients with HAPC complicated by lower-extremity DVT were followed up for 6-12 months and divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups according to whether they experienced recurrence of lower-extremity DVT.Clinical data and laboratory indices were compared between the groups to determine the influencing factors of thrombosis recurrence in patients with lowerextremity DVT and HAPC.This study aimed to establish and verify the value of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of thrombus recurrence.RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that age,immobilization during follow-up,medication compliance,compliance with wearing elastic stockings,and peripheral blood D-dimer and fibrin degradation product levels were indepen-dent risk factors for thrombosis recurrence in patients with HAPC complicated by DVT.A Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the nomogram model established based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis was effective in predicting the risk of thrombosis recurrence in patients with lowerextremity DVT complicated by HAPC(χ^(2)=0.873;P>0.05).The consistency index of the model was 0.802(95%CI:0.799-0.997),indicating its good accuracy and discrimination.CONCLUSION The column chart model for the personalized prediction of thrombotic recurrence risk has good application value in predicting thrombotic recurrence in patients with lower-limb DVT combined with HAPC after discharge.

Deep Venous Thrombosis: Commonly Affected Veins in the Lower Limbs

Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record the commonly affected veins in the lower limbs, to compare the affected sides and gender and to correlate the Doppler findings and stages of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of 46 already diagnosed cases of lower limb DVT. Results: Out of 46 cases of DVT, 71.74% were females. The majority of patients (93.47%) were affected in unilateral lower limb with significant predominance (65.22%) to affect the left lower limb (p Conclusion: Lower limb deep venous thrombosis affects left lower limb more than right and females more than males. Superficial femoral vein (SFV) and common femoral vein (CFV) are the most common affected veins. Lower limb DVT predominantly present in acute stage with venous distension and absent blood flow.

Analysis of curative effect of Bingxiao powder on lower limb deep vein thrombosis

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bingxiao powder on edema caused by deep venous thrombosis in lower limb thrombosis.Methods:Selected in our hospital from September 2017 to April 2019 of 122 patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis caused by edema.The patients were divided into two groups:Bingxio powder(61 cases)and magnesium sulfate(61 cases),the circumference difference of lower leg and thigh,the integral of edema and pain,the effective rate and the satisfaction rate of curative effect were compared between the two groups of patients with edema caused by thrombosis of lower limb.Results:in the observation group,the peripheral diameter difference of calf(1.08±0.21)cm,the peripheral diameter difference of thigh(1.76±0.28),the edema score(1.09±0.22)and the pain score(1.34±0.25)were all lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The effective rate(95.08%)and satisfaction rate(96.72%)of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Bingxiao powder can reduce the edema symptoms and pain symptoms of patients with edema caused by deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs,and reduce the circumference difference of the lower leg and thigh,with significant clinical effect.

Prevention and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Limbs in Patients with Complications after Orthopedic Trauma Surgery

Objective:To explore and analyze on how to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with complications after orthopedic trauma surgery.Methods:The research patients were selected from the cases of surgical treatment of orthopedic trauma in the hospital during the past two years,and a total of 58 patients were selected.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,with 29 patients in the control group treated with conventional clinical methods;and the other 29 patients were assigned to the experimental group,where targeted preventive and therapeutic measures were administered.During the research,the number of complications of postoperative deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and the corresponding treatment efficacy were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:According to the results of clinical experiments,the probability of patients in the experimental group suffering from deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs after surgery was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);in addition,when complications of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs occurred,the treatment efficacy of the patients in the experimental group was 96.55%,and the treatment efficacy of the patients in the control group was 82.76%.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Through clinical experiments to study and analyze the prevention and treatment measures of deep vein thrombosis in patients with complications after orthopedic trauma surgery,this research proves that active and comprehensive preventive and treatment measures can effectively reduce the number of complications and improve surgery treatment efficacy.

Pitfalls and sources of error of color duplex ultrasonography in detecting deep vein thrombosis of proximal lower extremities

Purpose To analyze the sources of errors and discuss the techniques to eliminate pitfalls in detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the proximal lower extremities with color duplex ultrasonography (CDUS). Methods Sixty-eight cases with initial and repeat venous CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were retrospectively reviewed. The repeat was done within 24 hours after initial CDUS scanning. Comparing repeated images to initial ones, the pitfalls and sources of error in CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were discussed. Results In total 68 repeat studies, there were 62 results as same as initials and 4 cases of false negative DVT and 2 cases of false positive DVT. Conclusion Venous CDUS in detecting DVT is observer dependent. Some pitfalls and errors can be eliminated and corrected with proper scan techniques. CDUS is the most valuable imaging modality for assessing suspected DVT in the proximal lower extremities.

Combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on the postoperative deep venous thrombosis in patients with lower limb fracture

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on deep vein thrombosis(DVT) induced by surgery in patients with lower limb fracture.METHODS: Totally 86 hospitalized patients with DVT after surgery of lower limb fracture between September 2012 and January 2015 were recruited and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium, and those in the observation group were additionally given Danshen Injection and TCM decoction. The differences between two groups in occurrence rate, medication time, therapeutic effects,recurrence rate of thrombosis, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), and prothrombin time(PT) were compared.RESULTS: The occurrence rate of DVT in observation group(4.65%, 2/43) was lower than that in control group(27.91%,12/43)(P<0.05). The medication time of observation group was(6.15±2.94) d, shorter than(9.76±3.12) d in the control group(P<0.05). In observation group, 2 cases of DVT were cured(2/2); in the control group, 9 cases presented therapeutic effects and the total effective rate was 75.00%(9/12). The improvement of APTT and PT in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Integrative TCM decoction plus low-molecularweight heparin calcium is superior to applicaton of low-molecularweight heparin calcium alone in reducing and treating DVT in the postoperative patients with lower limb fracture.

Preventing Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients by Acupoint Application Combined with Pneumatic Compression Therapy

Objective:To investigate and analyze the long-term clinical effects of acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture surgery among the elderly.Methods:Sixty elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups via drawing lots.Both the groups received nursing care,but the patients in the observation group were treated with TCM acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy,whereas the control group received pneumatic compression therapy.The evaluation indicators included the patients’quality of life and complications.Results:The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was more than twice(0.3%),whereas the incidence of lower extremity complications in the control group was more than 6 times(20%).There was a significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application combined with pneumatic compression therapy is beneficial for the prevention of postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis among elderly patients.In addition,the patients’overall quality-of-life scores in both physiological and psychological aspects improved significantly,which carries significant clinical reference value.

Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Upper Limb: About 6 Cases Collected in Dakar

Deep vein thrombosis of the upper limb is a rare location of venous thromboembolic disease. Data on this form of thrombosis are limited. We report six cases collected in Dakar. The sex ratio was 0.5 and the average age was 27.6 years with extremes of 17 and 39. Painful limb edema was the most constant sign and involved the non-dominant limb in almost all patients. Thrombosis occurred in a field of peripartum cardiomyopathy in two patients and SS sickle cell disease in one patient taking oral contraception. There was neither cancer nor venous catheter in medical history. The diagnosis was made by venous Doppler ultrasound in all patients. Subclavian involvement was the most common. The thrombophilia assessment, done for two patients, was normal. It was about exertion thrombosis on three (3) patients. All the patients had received antivitamin K treatment relaying a low molecular weight heparin. Venous limb compression was associated with anticoagulation for all patients. The treatment duration was six (6) months. There were no reports of pulmonary embolism or death. One patient presented a post-thrombotic syndrome.

基于Caprini量表评估干预措施结合空气波压力治疗仪对乳腺癌术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响

目的探讨基于Caprini量表评估干预措施结合空气波压力治疗仪对乳腺癌术后患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2023年9月合肥市第二人民医院收治的80例乳腺癌术后患者,按照入院时间分为两组。入院时间2020年3月至2022年3月为常规组,入院时间2022年4月至2023年9月为干预组,各40例。常规组行基于Caprini量表评估预防护理,干预组在常规组的基础上实施空气波压力治疗仪干预。观察两组DVT发生率,比较两组干预前后世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表评分及满意度。结果干预组术后下肢DVT发生率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组生理领域、心理领域、环境领域、社会关系领域评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组生理领域、心理领域、环境领域、社会关系领域评分高于干预前,且干预组高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组护理满意度优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者术后实施基于Caprini量表评估干预措施结合空气波压力治疗仪干预,可明显提高下肢DVT预防效果,降低下肢DVT发生率,提高生活质量及满意度高。

纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值、Caprini评分、D-二聚体对急性脑梗死后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预测价值

目的 探讨纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值(FAR)、Caprini评分、D-二聚体(D-D)对急性脑梗死后下肢深静脉血栓(LDVT)形成的预测价值。方法 选取2019年7月至2023年3月在安徽省芜湖市中医医院神经内科住院的急性脑梗死患者122例,根据住院期间双下肢静脉彩超结果将其分为血栓组(42例)和无血栓组(80例),收集两组的基本资料,比较两组FAR、Caprini评分、D-D等指标的差异。建立logistic回归模型分析急性脑梗死后LDVT形成的影响因素,绘制受试者操作曲线比较FAR、Caprini评分、D-D单独及联合对急性脑梗死后LDVT形成的预测价值。结果 血栓组糖尿病患者占比、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分>14分患者占比、格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分>8分患者占比、使用脱水药物>5 d患者占比、Caprini评分及D-D、FAR水平均高于无血栓组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,Caprini评分(OR=1.803,95%CI:1.173~2.769)、D-D(OR=1.589,95%CI:1.235~2.043)、FAR(OR=1.609,95%CI:1.075~2.408)为急性脑梗死后LDVT形成的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。Caprini评分、FAR、D-D三者联合预测急性脑梗死后LDVT形成的受试者操作曲线下面积高于三者单独预测(P<0.05)。结论 FAR、Caprini评分、D-D与急性脑梗死后LDVT形成有关,可作为LDVT的预测指标,三者联合检测能提高预测效能。

Caprini评分联合纤维蛋白原水平对下肢骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓的预测价值

目的:探究Caprini评分联合纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平对下肢骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的预测价值。方法:以2020年1月1日—2022年9月30日中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第904医院收治的下肢骨折患者作为研究对象,共100例。根据术前下肢深静脉彩色多普勒超声检查结果将研究对象分成DVT组(n=11)和非DVT组(n=89)。比较DVT组和非DVT组FIB水平和Caprini评分;基于模型公式:Y=β_(0)+β_(1)×A+β_(2)×B,构建Caprini评分、FIB回归模型;建立受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,分析Caprini评分、FIB、Caprini评分联合FIB在下肢骨折患者下肢DVT预测中的应用价值。结果:DVT组的Caprini评分、FIB水平均高于非DVT组(P<0.05)。Caprini评分、FIB的二元logistic回归模型为:Y=-21.556+2.637×FIB+1.997×Caprini评分。经ROC曲线分析,FIB预测下肢DVT的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.908,敏感度为81.82%,特异度为92.13%;Caprini评分预测下肢DVT的AUC为0.939,敏感度为90.91%,特异度为85.39%;Caprini评分联合FIB预测下肢DVT的AUC为0.972,敏感度为100%,特异度为86.52%。结论:发生下肢DVT的下肢骨折患者术前的Caprini评分较高,FIB水平呈现异常增高的情况,Caprini评分联合FIB预测下肢DVT的价值更高。

急性下肢深静脉血栓患者置管溶栓前后D-D、F1+2、P-selectin变化及意义

目的 探究急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者置管溶栓前后D-二聚体(D-D)、凝血酶原片段1+2(F1+2)、P选择素(P-selectin)变化及临床意义。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年3月云南省第三人民医院186例急性DVT患者作为研究对象,均行置管溶栓术,术后12个月以门诊形式进行随访,4例失访,共182例完成术后随访。根据术后12个月是否发生血栓后综合征(PTS)分为PTS组(n=27)、非PTS组(n=155),比较2组一般资料及溶栓前后血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达,Logistic分析PTS发生影响因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、曲线下面积(AUC)分析血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin预测PTS发生价值,采用相对危险度(RR)分析不同血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达对PTS的影响。结果 PTS组年龄、BMI、静脉通畅评分及溶栓后1周、1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达高于非PTS组(P <0.05);Logistic显示:BMI及溶栓后1周、1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin是急性DVT患者发生PTS的影响因素(P <0.05);ROC曲线,溶栓后1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin联合预测PTS效能明显优于溶栓后1周D-D、F1+2、P-selectin联合预测效能;溶栓后1个月血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin高表达患者发生PTS风险是低表达的4.211、2.550、3.189倍。结论 急性DVT患者置管溶栓后血浆D-D、F1+2、P-selectin表达升高,其联合预测患者发生PTS具有一定预测效能。

黄芪甲苷通过HIF-1α/iNOS通路对下肢深静脉血栓大鼠血管内皮功能的影响及机制研究

目的研究黄芪甲苷对下肢深静脉血栓大鼠血管内皮功能的保护作用,并探讨其潜在作用机制。方法线栓法构建大鼠下肢深静脉血栓模型。将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量治疗组[20、40、80 mg/(kg·d)]和HIF-1α选择性激动剂组[20 mg/(kg·d)]。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、血栓素A2(thromboxane A2,TXA2)与前列环素(prostaglin 2,PGI2)水平;HE染色法观察大鼠下腔血脉血栓状态;TUNEL染色检测血管内皮细胞凋亡情况;Western Blot检测HIF-1α、iNOS、caspase 9、caspase 3蛋白表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、TXA2水平显著升高,PGI2水平显著降低;HE染色结果可见红色和混合血栓,血管壁伴炎性细胞浸润;血管内皮细胞凋亡数显著增加;HIF-1α、iNOS蛋白表达明显下调;caspase 9、caspase 3蛋白表达明显上调。与模型组相比,黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量治疗组和HIF-1α选择性激动剂组IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、TXA2水平显著降低,PGI2水平显著升高;HE染色结果可见无血管内皮细胞掉落,仅有极少量炎性细胞浸润;血管内皮细胞凋亡数显著减少;HIF-1α、iNOS蛋白表达明显上调;caspase 9、caspase 3蛋白表达明显下调。结论黄芪甲苷对下肢深静脉血栓大鼠血管内皮功能具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与调控HIF-1α/iNOS信号通路有关。

An Unwonted, Pedagogic Case Report on Effort Thrombosis of Right Brachial Vein

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one or more blood clots formed inside the deep vein in the body resulting in complete or partial blockage of blood flow through the affected vein. Upper Extremity DVT (UEDVT) accounts for 5% - 10% of all cases of DVTs. Previously it was thought to be a rare disorder. However in recent years with the advent of various indwelling intravenous devices, hypercoagulable state like COVID-19, secondary UEDVT did not remain infrequent presentation anymore. Though primary UEDVT, also known as Effort Thrombosis, that takes place without any underlying obvious pathology is a rare form till now. We presented a case of 46 years female who presented to the emergency with complaints of progressively increasing pain (7 days) and swelling (3 days) of her right forearm since last 7 days following strenuous and heavy work by her dominant/ right hand during the period of festival. She initially ignored her condition because of the Durga Puja festival. As her symptoms deteriorated she eventually had to attend the emergency department. Eventually an urgent ultrasonography color Doppler was done on emergency basis which diagnosed underlying DVT of her right brachial vein. She was managed with low molecular weight heparin, urgent fasciotomy owning to her impending compartment syndrome. Other tests ruled out any secondary underlying pathology. She improved and discharged without any complications on oral anticoagulant. Exigent events in her history were trauma followed by fall on her right elbow 2 months back and then presenting signs & symptoms commencing at the same region following strenuous, tedious activities over 7 days and consequential effort thrombosis of her right brachial vein. All of that compelled us to ruminate on rare differentials of her presentation and eventually come to this rare diagnosis. The author hence brought this pedagogic case to the readers, especially emergency & primary care physicians and emphasised the importance of being intuitive about rare but deadly differentials which come from proficiency & experience in the field of medicine.

血栓弹力图与凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1对创伤性骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的预测价值分析

目的探讨血栓弹力图(thrombelastography,TEG)与人纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,Serpine1)对创伤性骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的预测价值。方法选取2019年10月至2021年10月于杭州整形医院就诊的疑似下肢深静脉血栓的创伤性骨折术后患者272例,以超声造影检查诊断为“金标准”,将确诊为下肢深静脉血栓的200例患者设为研究组,72例非下肢深静脉血栓患者设为对照组,两组患者均行TEG检查,检测两组的凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1水平。结果与对照组比较,研究组的TEG参数凝固时间(solidification time,K)、反应时间(reaction time,R)降低,最大幅度(maximum magnitude,MA)、凝固角(solidification angle,α)升高,且研究组重度患者的K、R较低,MA、α、凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1水平较高(P<0.05)。K、R、MA、α、凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1与研究组轻度、重度严重程度相关,且K、R、MA、α与凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1相关。K、R、MA、α、凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1联合检测对创伤性骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的预测价值较高。结论TEG联合凝血因子Ⅴ、Serpine1对创伤性骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓有较高的预测价值,具有一定的临床价值。

基于Caprini风险评估的护理措施对下肢骨折患者DVT的预防效果研究

目的 探讨基于Caprini风险评估的护理措施对下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预防效果。方法 选择2019年2月至2022年2月空军军医大学第二附属医院骨外科收治的150例下肢骨折患者进行研究,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各75例,对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者采用基于Caprini风险评估的护理措施,两组患者均护理至出院。比较两组患者的DVT发生率、血栓最大宽度,护理前及患者出院时(护理后)的髋关节评分量表(Harris)和膝关节评分量表(HSS)评分,并比较两组患者的髋关节、膝关节优良率及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果 观察组患者的DVT发生率为4.00%,明显低于对照组的13.33%,血栓最大宽度为(5.50±1.33) mm,明显小于对照组的(6.73±1.45) mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者护理后的Harris评分、HSS评分、关节功能优良率、对护理工作的满意度分别为(85.37±4.13)分、(87.79±2.24)分、89.33%、97.33%,明显高于对照组的(80.12±3.94)分、(82.18±3.09)分、73.33%、88.00%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 下肢骨折患者采用基于Caprini风险评估的护理,可以降低患者的DVT发生率,并有助于髋关节、膝关节功能的恢复,提高关节功能优良率及护理工作的满意度。

Caprini风险评估下的分级护理对子宫全切除术患者术后下肢深静脉血栓预防价值分析

目的:分析Caprini风险评估下的分级护理对子宫全切除术患者术后下肢深静脉血栓预防价值。方法:选择2020年5月—2022年5月南华大学附属第二医院收治的子宫全切除术患者191例作为研究对象,将2020年5月—2021年4月入院的95例患者作为对照组,将2021年5月—2022年5月入院的96例患者作为观察组。对照组采取常规护理干预,观察组采取Caprini风险评估下的分级护理。比较两组护理前后凝血指标变化、术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)发生率及患者的护理满意度。结果:护理7 d,两组活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)及凝血酶原时间(PT)均长于护理1 d,且观察组APTT、TT及PT均长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理7 d,两组纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平低于护理1 d,且观察组FIB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后下肢DVT发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Caprini风险评估下的分级护理可有效预防子宫全切除术患者术后下肢DVT的发生,有助于改善患者术后凝血指标,提高患者对护理服务的满意度。

Caprini、Wells、 Autar评估量表对人工全膝关节置换患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的预测价值

目的 探讨Caprini、Wells、 Autar评估量表对人工全膝关节置换患者术后形成下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的预测价值。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年1月平煤神马集团总医院收治的120例TKA术后患者作为研究对象。分为对照组(术后未合并DVT,76例)和研究组(术后合并DVT,44例)。采用Caprini、Wells、 Autar量表评估两组患者发生DVT风险,采用Pearson分析Caprini、Wells、 Autar量表相关性,同时运用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估Caprini、Wells、 Autar量表对DVT发生的诊断价值。结果 在Caprini、Wells、Autar量表评分中研究组患者高风险及极高风险占比高,对照组患者低风险及中风险的占比较高(P<0.05)。研究组患者的Caprini、Wells、Autar量表评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。Caprini、Wells、Autar量表对DVT的发生均有诊断价值,Wells量表的灵敏度、特异性及AUC均高于Caprini及Autar量表。结论 Caprini、Wells、 Autar量表对人工全膝关节置换患者术后形成下肢DVT的发生均有一定诊断价值,其中Wells量表的诊断价值最高。

多元化健康教育模式在预防下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓中的应用

目的探讨多元化健康教育模式在预防下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年1~12月收治的下肢骨折患者300例,按照住院时间将2021年1~6月收治的患者作为对照组,将2021年7~12月收治的患者作为观察组,每组150例。对照组采用常规健康教育模式,观察组采用多元化健康教育模式。比较2组患者对深静脉血栓的认知水平、基本预防措施依从性、深静脉血栓的发生率,以及患者对护理工作满意度。结果观察组患者对深静脉血栓的认知水平、对基本预防措施的依从性、护理满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者深静脉血栓发生率为16.00%低于对照组的25.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将多元化健康教育模式应用于下肢骨折患者,可提高护理效果,降低深静脉血栓的发生率,值得推广应用。

全麻患者术后麻醉重症监护室中新发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的筛选全麻术后转入麻醉重症监护室(AICU)的患者新发下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。方法回顾性收集2022年5—8月择期行全麻下手术后带气管插管转入AICU的患者192例,男105例,女87例,年龄18~85岁,BMI 18~31 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。收集患者基线资料、麻醉手术资料及实验室检查资料。根据入AICU 6 h内的超声结果是否有新发DVT将患者分为两组:DVT组和非DVT组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选AICU中患者术后6 h内新发DVT的危险因素及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果全麻术后在AICU新发DVT的患者有64例(33.3%),均为小腿肌间静脉血栓(CMVT)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前心律失常(OR=2.236,95%CI 1.011~4.943,P=0.047)、术前血小板计数高(OR=1.006,95%CI 1.002~1.010,P=0.007)、术前D⁃二聚体浓度高(OR=1.203,95%CI 1.046~1.383,P=0.010)、术中低血压(OR=1.010,95%CI 1.002~1.019,P=0.020)和术中应用去甲肾上腺素(OR=3.796,95%CI 1.697~8.492,P=0.001)是全麻术后AICU中患者新发DVT的危险因素;阿司匹林规律服用史(OR=0.176,95%CI 0.060~0.518,P=0.002)是其保护因素。结论术前心律失常、术前血小板计数高、术前D⁃二聚体浓度高、术中低血压及术中应用去甲肾上腺素是全麻手术后AICU患者6 h内新发DVT的危险因素。