Study on Properties of Glazed Tiles Heated by the Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas

This experiment aims to summarize the properties of glazed tiles that heated by the low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas. The tiles heated by the catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones. This conclusion provides a new way to glazed tile heating industry. Only with a better understanding of catalytic combustion, can the application benefit our environment and industry.

Research on the Application in Glazed Tile Heating of the Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas

This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones, moreover, pollutant emission produced in productive process is much less than before. This conclusion may provide a new way to glazed tile heating industry, and at the same time, provide a general method of using the catalytic combustion furnace.

The Glazed Tile Techniques of the Seljuk and Beylik Periods

The word ＂tile＂ originates from Persian and means ＂China＂ or ＂Chinese work＂. In the Ottoman language, the word ＂tile＂ also means ＂Chinese work＂, or ＂belonging to China＂. The art of Turkish tiles occupies a place of prominence in the history of Islamic art. Its roots can be traced at least as far back as the Uygurs of the eighth and ninth centuries. Its subsequent development was influenced by the Karakhanids, the Ghaznavids, and （especially） Iranian Seljuk art. With the Seljuks＇ victory over the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071, the art followed them into Anatolia and embarked upon a new period of strong development fostered by the Anatolian Seljuk sultanate. The first major development in the art of tile-making occurred primarily in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. Various techniques have been used in the art of tiles which gave hundreds of samples for centuries. This study explores the glazed tile techniques used in the production of the S elj uk and Beylik periods.

Effect of heat treatment temperature of the glaze lager on the structure and the formaldehyde removal performance of an interior wall tile

With the improvement of people’s living standards,a large number of petroleum products,daily necessities and decorations that can produce volatile organic compounds are used in decoration,which seriously affects the indoor air quality.Interior decoration materials have become a research hotspot in recent years.The purpose of this paper is to develop a kind of interior wall material with good indoor formaldehyde removal effect,easily using,and low cost.In this paper,combining different heat treatment temperatures of the glaze layer,tourmaline/diatomite-based interior wall tiles were prepared by ultrafine grinding,solid sintering,and low temperature calcination.The glaze layer under different heat treatment temperatures was characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscope.The influences of heat treatment temperature on the microscopic morphology and structure of the glaze layer were analyzed.Taking formaldehyde as the target degradation product,the effects of tourmaline/diatomite-based interior wall tiles on the removal of formaldehyde under different heat treatment temperatures of the glaze layer were investigated.The results showed that with the increase in heat treatment temperature,the original pores of diatomite decreased,the specific surface area decreased,and the structure of tourmaline changed.At 850℃,the surface structure of the material was slightly damaged,the strength was increased,and the removal effect of formaldehyde was better.In a 1 m^(3) environmental chamber,the formaldehyde removal rate reached 73.6%in 300 min.When the temperature was increased to 950℃ and above,diatomite and the structure of tourmaline were destroyed,and the ability of the material to adsorb and degrade formaldehyde decreased.

西藏曲水温江多遗址琉璃砖瓦的成分与工艺研究——兼论吐蕃周邻地区的工匠来源

西藏曲水县温江多遗址出土的琉璃砖瓦是西藏地区首次经考古发掘获得的建筑琉璃构件。为更好认识吐蕃时期建筑用陶工艺与技术来源,本研究采用成分测试、显微观察等方法分析了温江多遗址出土的10件琉璃砖瓦。结果表明,琉璃制胎原料就近选择,制胎过程中运用了中原地区的制瓦技术。配釉体系来源复杂,蓝釉绿釉属于孔雀蓝釉,源于西亚地区的伊斯兰碱釉体系;白釉属于钠铝体系,与同时期中原地区的白釉陶瓷成分差别较大。吐蕃时期发达的交通路线,使吐蕃王朝能融合周邻地区的制陶技术用于建筑营建,从而促成了建筑琉璃制作技术的迅速繁荣。

酸性条件下黄釉和绿釉琉璃瓦腐蚀行为的比较研究

为了研究黄釉和绿釉琉璃瓦腐蚀行为的差异并探究其腐蚀过程,采用不同pH的模拟酸雨溶液分别对黄釉和绿釉琉璃瓦进行了腐蚀实验,对腐蚀后黄釉和绿釉琉璃瓦釉面的形貌、色差值、光泽度和粗糙度进行了测试和表征,并对腐蚀产物的成分、微观形貌、腐蚀溶液中Pb及着色元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明:绿釉比黄釉更容易受到腐蚀,原因是绿釉中Cu与Pb的协同作用促进了酸性条件下Cu和Pb的浸出;绿釉琉璃瓦经腐蚀后釉面的色差值升高、光泽度降低、粗糙度升高,并且其变化程度明显高于黄釉琉璃瓦;在pH=1的腐蚀溶液中黄釉表面的裂缝处生成了不规则柱型硫酸铅,但整体上腐蚀现象不明显,绿釉表面生成了疏松的层片状、颗粒状及规则多面体型硫酸铅并且覆盖在釉层表面及裂纹处;在pH=3的腐蚀溶液中,黄釉表面未发现明显的腐蚀现象,绿釉表面生成黏附性较强的层片状、颗粒状腐蚀产物层;绿釉腐蚀后存在外层的腐蚀产物覆盖层、Pb和Cu元素流失后形成的褪色富硅层及未腐蚀的釉层。

辽代新立遗址出土琉璃垒脊瓦的制作工艺

本文围绕辽宁新立遗址出土的琉璃条子瓦和琉璃线道瓦展开,通过微痕分析充分提取出土材料中保留的生产加工信息,对两类瓦的制作工艺进行了复原。新立遗址垒脊瓦为预制瓦件,不同于文献记载的由筒板瓦二次切割形成,显示出生产实践的复杂性。二者完成施釉后,均以两片瓦并排、成摞叠烧,不使用间隔具直接装烧,也有别于一般铅釉陶的满釉支烧方式,符合建筑用瓦集约生产的需求。对新立遗址琉璃条子瓦、线道瓦生产流程的全面复原,丰富了我们对早期琉璃瓦制作过程的认识,也展示出该建筑群对瓦件品质和生产效率的良好平衡。

一种仿螺钿装饰艺术陶瓷砖的研发

实验在建筑陶瓷瓷釉的表面开发了一种复配型印刷釉,通过降低釉料的始熔温度、提高釉熔体与金属颗粒的浸润性以形成保护层,有效解决了金属颗粒在釉中高温烧成过程被氧化而失去光泽的技术难题,实现了合金材料在建筑陶瓷釉面的螺钿纹理装饰效果,提升了抛光类瓷砖的艺术装饰性能。

陶质釉面砖浸泡后粘贴对系统安全性影响研究

对比分析了陶质釉面砖不同浸泡时长及晾置方式对其含水率的影响,比较不同含水率陶质釉面砖采用不同贴砖施工方法对铺贴系统拉伸粘结强度、界面破坏状态的影响。结果表明,未浸泡时系统拉伸粘结强度最高,采用瓷砖胶粘贴陶质釉面砖时,釉面砖无需浸泡;若是施工人员习惯将陶质釉面砖提前浸泡再贴砖,宜将浸泡时长控制在1~2 h,且在浸泡后取出瓷砖进行交叉晾置,晾置时长不少于2 h。背粘法施工存在初始缺陷,应采用薄贴法施工,更有利于提高铺贴系统安全性。

伏羲庙先天殿琉璃瓦屋顶修缮技术

伏羲庙位于天水市,为明清时期建筑,现为国家重点文物保护单位。近几年来,伏羲庙古建屋面出现漏雨、瓦垄脱节、檐口局部下沉、檐椽朽折、望板糟朽等古建病害。对游客和古建筑安全造成严重威胁。通过此次修缮主要解决屋面渗漏、瓦件开裂等问题。在修复历史建筑琉璃瓦屋顶同时,保持原有建筑的风貌特征,使文化遗产能够安全地长期保存,同时,它作为伏羲文化的物质和精神载体,有利于“中华民族认同”的建构。

浅谈陶瓷墨水对抛釉砖产生针孔的影响

本文简单探讨了抛釉砖产生针孔的主要原因,同时探讨了陶瓷墨水在抛釉砖生产过程当中对针孔产生的影响。

Glazed Tile Makers

Peasants living in Nanzhang Zhuang, a remote village in the mountainous area of Yuxian County, Hebei Province, wanted to open a glazed tile plant because they heard that the domestic market needed building materials in the Chinese national style. Through the help and support of the Yuxian County Women’s Federation and Nanzhang Zhuang Women’s Representative Assembly, the glazed tile plant was established.

抗菌功能陶瓷釉面砖的研究

通过在釉中引入银系无机抗菌剂，研制了低温一次快烧的具有抗菌功能的陶瓷釉面砖．采用陶瓷试验系统（ｃｅｒａｍｉｃｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｔｅｓｔｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ＭＴＳ），用ＳＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ等测定了材料的理化性能及微观结构．结果表明，该材料具有良好的抗菌性、耐久性及坯釉结合性。

北京清代官式琉璃构件胎体的工艺研究

利用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热膨胀分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对北京清代官式琉璃构件胎体的元素含量、物相组成、烧成温度、显微结构及物理性能进行了测试与观察,并结合北京门头沟地区煤矸石原料进行了讨论.结果表明:清代不同时期官式琉璃构件胎体元素组成略有不同,古代工匠依据不同煤矸石原料的物理化学性能差异,有目的选择不同地层、不同地点的煤矸石或用不同比例的煤矸石原料来配制胎体;在清代早期到清代晚期的琉璃构件中,虽然胎体的烧成温度基本相同,但其耐火度逐渐降低;相对于清代早期的琉璃构件胎体而言,清代晚期的琉璃构件胎体烧结程度高、性能好、结构致密.

苛化白泥在陶瓷材料中的应用研究

根据草浆碱回收苛化白泥的组成、性能特点 ,将其应用于陶瓷材料的实际生产中并进行了低成本无害化处理。实验结果表明 ,白泥是一种优质的钙质原料。通过实验配方的调整 ,白泥在陶瓷石灰釉中的用量为 1 5 %～ 2 2 % ,在水晶熔块中的用量为 2 5 % ,在低温合成硅灰石中的用量可达 70 % ,合成的硅灰石用于试制釉面砖可实现低温一次快速烧成。其应用产品的理化性能指标均达到国家标准 ,每吨产品可消耗白泥 0 0 5～ 0 2t,降低成本 1 0 %～ 1 8%。

杀菌陶质釉面砖的研究

本文研究了以Ａｇ３ＰＯ４、ＣｕＯ为杀菌剂制作杀菌陶质釉面砖的配方组成，同时研究了烧成温度对杀菌效果的影响。结果表明添加Ａｇ３ＰＯ４２％或Ａｇ３ＰＯ４２％、ＣｕＯ１％，釉烧温度１０５０℃可获得良好的杀菌效果，样品性能达到或超过国家标准。对样品的杀菌耐久性进行了检验，经过３个月的酸、碱溶液浸泡。

南京报恩寺塔琉璃构件胎体原料来源的科技研究

南京报恩寺塔是明初重要的皇家琉璃建筑之一,具有较高历史、文化和科技研究价值。相关学者根据考古发掘和相关文献记载推断南京报恩寺塔琉璃构件胎体原料来源于安徽当涂,但这一说法缺少相关科技测试数据做支持。针对这一问题,本文采用WDXRF、ICP-MS和Rietveld全谱拟合分析方法,分别对南京报恩寺塔、安徽当涂琉璃窑的明代琉璃构件胎体的主次元素、微量元素、物相含量进行了分析;并运用多元统计方法和稀土元素配比模式对测试结果进行相应讨论和研究。通过对两地琉璃样品胎体分析结果的关联性进行分析研究,初步证实南京报恩塔琉璃构件胎体原料来源于安徽当涂,该研究将对南京报恩寺塔的复建工作也具有一定帮助。

抗菌陶瓷釉面砖的制备及其性能研究

通过在釉中引入磷酸银抗菌剂 ,研制了低温两次快烧抗菌陶瓷釉面砖。用正交实验法优选出抗菌釉面砖的坯体配方、釉料配方及烧成温度制度 ,研究了Ag3PO4及烧成温度对抗菌效果及白度的影响 ,探讨了银挥发量和Ag+在釉层中的径向分布与烧成温度的关系。结果表明 ,基釉中加入 2 %Ag3PO4及烧成温度为 10 5 0℃的抗菌釉面砖可获得较好的抗菌效果和釉面质量 。

北京故宫和辽宁黄瓦窑清代建筑琉璃构件的比较研究

为了更好地揭示清代不同地区建筑琉璃构件的原料、烧制工艺及其性能关系,本工作以北京故宫和辽宁黄瓦窑清代建筑琉璃构件为研究对象,利用WDXRF、EDXRF测定琉璃构件胎、釉的化学组成,利用热膨胀仪和理论计算方法测试计算胎、釉的热膨胀系数。在此基础上,研究了两地清代建筑琉璃构件胎釉的化学组成规律和胎釉热膨胀系数的匹配性关系。结果表明:两地琉璃构件釉料的化学组成基本一致,而琉璃构件胎体原料不同,北京故宫清代琉璃构件胎体化学组成属于硅-铝体系,辽宁黄瓦窑的琉璃构件则属于硅-铝-镁体系,因此两地胎釉热膨胀系数的匹配关系也不同。

一次烧成釉面砖坯釉配方设计及坯釉性能的研究

本研究参照经验配方,采用正交实验设计等实验方法,利用扫描电镜等现代分析手段,通过合理选择原料,在配方中调整SiO2、Al_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O之间的摩尔比,确定了一次烧成釉面砖坯釉的最佳配方,在烧成中采用“阶梯式升温”与快、缓升温结合,对釉面质量起到了促进作用。通过对坯体配方差热曲线、胀缩曲线的测试及扫描电镜分析,坯釉膨胀系数匹配,坯釉适应性好,而且釉面质量稳定,气孔、釉泡少,釉面光泽度高。