The Irtysh shear zone (ISZ) of Altai region is the lineament structure of the collision suture type, where granites of Kalba complex and granodiorites of Zmeinogorsk complex are exposed to regional gneiss formation an...The Irtysh shear zone (ISZ) of Altai region is the lineament structure of the collision suture type, where granites of Kalba complex and granodiorites of Zmeinogorsk complex are exposed to regional gneiss formation and stress metamorphic alterations. This study is based on detailed structural observations at special grounds using optical and electron microscopy, and on the behavior analysis of isotopic systems from altered granitoids.Within the ISZ area we have established the continuous rows of granitoid stress metamorphism from initial recrystallization of protolite, its cataclasis and mechanical flaring up to complete recrystallization with alteration of mineral composition and formation of the streaky complexes of granite tectonites of blastomylonite and blastocataclasite types. The directed alteration of rocks has several impulse and is expressed by a change in morphology of mineral grains and their relations, magnification of deformation component in the rock structure, and formation of new mineral phases on the basis of initial ones without surface fluidization. At transformation of isotopic systems from granitoid, their feldspars, biotite and hornblende, we can observe “rejuvenation” of the rock substrate from 270-290 Ma for Kalba granitoids to 220-235 Ma for their tectonites, and for Rudny Altai granodiorites, their ages changes from 285-317 Ma to 232-257 Ma for their tectonites.展开更多
A series of tectonites were formed in the shear zone array of the Tongbai--Dabie Orogenic Belt, including mylonites, blastomylonites, semi--plastic mylonites and foliated cataclasitesas a result of multiple strain loc...A series of tectonites were formed in the shear zone array of the Tongbai--Dabie Orogenic Belt, including mylonites, blastomylonites, semi--plastic mylonites and foliated cataclasitesas a result of multiple strain localization, strain softening and deformation partitioning.展开更多
AgCrSe2-based compounds have attracted much attention as an environmentally friendly thermoelectric material in recent years due to the intriguing liquid-like properties.However,the ultra-low carrier concentration and...AgCrSe2-based compounds have attracted much attention as an environmentally friendly thermoelectric material in recent years due to the intriguing liquid-like properties.However,the ultra-low carrier concentration and the high Ag_(Cr)deep-level defects limit the overall thermoelectric performance.Here,we successfully introduced Pb into Ag-deficient Ag_(0.97)CrSe_(2) alloys to tune the carrier concentration across a broad temperature range.The Pb^(2+) as an acceptor dopant preferentially occupies Cr sites,boosting the hole carrier concentration to 1.77×10^(19) cm^(-3) at room temperature.Furthermore,the Pb strongly inhibits the creation of intrinsic Ag_(Cr) defects,weakens the increased thermal excited ionization with the increasing temperature and slowed the rising trend of the carrier concentration.The designed carrier concentration matches the theoretically predicted optimized one over the entire temperature range,leading to a remarkable enhancement in power factor,especially the maximum power factor of ~500 μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2) at 750 K is superior to most previous results.Additionally,the abundant point defects promote phonon scattering,thus reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.As a result,the maximum figure of merit zT(~0.51 at 750 K) is achieved in Ag_(0.97)Cr_(0.995)Pb_(0.005)Se_(2).This work confirms the feasibility of manipulating deep-level defects to achieve temperature-dependent optimal carrier concentration and provides a valuable guidance for other thermoelectric materials.展开更多
In this paper, crust medium is treated as Maxwell medium, and crust model includes hard inclusion, soft inclusion,deep-level fault. The stress concentration and its evolution with time are obtained by using three-dime...In this paper, crust medium is treated as Maxwell medium, and crust model includes hard inclusion, soft inclusion,deep-level fault. The stress concentration and its evolution with time are obtained by using three-dimensional finite element method and differential method. The conclusions are drawn as follows:①The average stress concentration and maximum shear stress concentration caused by non-heterogeneous of crust are very high in hard inclusion and around the deep fault. With the time passing by, the concentration of average stress in the model gradually trends to uniform. At the same time, the concentration of maximum shear stress in hard inclusion increases gradually. This character is favorable to transfer shear strain energy from soft inclusion to hard inclusion. ② When the upper mantle beneath the inclusion upheave at a certain velocity of 1 cm/a the changes of average stress concentration with time become complex, and the boundary of the hard and soft inclusion become unconspicuous, but the maximum shear stress concentration increases much more in the hard inclusion with time at a higher velocity. This feature make for transformation of energy from the soft inclusion to the hard inclusion. @ The changes of average stress concentration and maximum shear stress concentration with time around the deep-level fault result in further accumulation of maximum shear stress concentration and finally cause the deep-level fault instable and accelerated creep along fault direction. ④ The changes of vertical displacement on the surface of the model, which is caused by the accelerated creep of the deep-level fault, is similar to that of the observation data before Xingtai strong earthquake.展开更多
On the basis of ANSYS finite element model(FEM) software, the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield was simulated numerically. Based on Haizhou Mine and Wulong Mine as two typical deep-level rockburst examples in Fu...On the basis of ANSYS finite element model(FEM) software, the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield was simulated numerically. Based on Haizhou Mine and Wulong Mine as two typical deep-level rockburst examples in Fuxin coalfield, the rules and characteristics of the deep-level rockburst were analyzed. And the models were es- tablished. For Haizhou mine, the relationship between mining distance and rockburst was presented when 100, 300, 600 m were mined in 3313 working face. When 300 m were mined, the rockburst began to emerge. When 600 m were mined, the rockburst was the most possible to happen and the compression stress of the working face reached to the maximum value. The effect of tectonic stress on synclinal axis is also a key factor to rockburst occurrence. This was verified by the rockburst happened when 496 m were mined. For Wulong mine, based on the 311 working face as an example, the contours of Y stress in the roof and floor were obtained when the mining distance were 100, 200, 300 and 400 m. When 100 and 400 m were mined, the high stress con- centration regions occurred in the front of working face. This shows the rockburst is easy to happen. It is confirmed by the rockburst when 91m were mined in 311 working plane. The above indicates that the numerical simulation has instructive rule to study the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield.展开更多
文摘The Irtysh shear zone (ISZ) of Altai region is the lineament structure of the collision suture type, where granites of Kalba complex and granodiorites of Zmeinogorsk complex are exposed to regional gneiss formation and stress metamorphic alterations. This study is based on detailed structural observations at special grounds using optical and electron microscopy, and on the behavior analysis of isotopic systems from altered granitoids.Within the ISZ area we have established the continuous rows of granitoid stress metamorphism from initial recrystallization of protolite, its cataclasis and mechanical flaring up to complete recrystallization with alteration of mineral composition and formation of the streaky complexes of granite tectonites of blastomylonite and blastocataclasite types. The directed alteration of rocks has several impulse and is expressed by a change in morphology of mineral grains and their relations, magnification of deformation component in the rock structure, and formation of new mineral phases on the basis of initial ones without surface fluidization. At transformation of isotopic systems from granitoid, their feldspars, biotite and hornblende, we can observe “rejuvenation” of the rock substrate from 270-290 Ma for Kalba granitoids to 220-235 Ma for their tectonites, and for Rudny Altai granodiorites, their ages changes from 285-317 Ma to 232-257 Ma for their tectonites.
文摘A series of tectonites were formed in the shear zone array of the Tongbai--Dabie Orogenic Belt, including mylonites, blastomylonites, semi--plastic mylonites and foliated cataclasitesas a result of multiple strain localization, strain softening and deformation partitioning.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0702100and 2022YFB3803900)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)’ Large-Scale Scientific Facility (Grant No. U1932106)the Sichuan University Innovation Research Program of China (Grant No. 2020SCUNL112)。
文摘AgCrSe2-based compounds have attracted much attention as an environmentally friendly thermoelectric material in recent years due to the intriguing liquid-like properties.However,the ultra-low carrier concentration and the high Ag_(Cr)deep-level defects limit the overall thermoelectric performance.Here,we successfully introduced Pb into Ag-deficient Ag_(0.97)CrSe_(2) alloys to tune the carrier concentration across a broad temperature range.The Pb^(2+) as an acceptor dopant preferentially occupies Cr sites,boosting the hole carrier concentration to 1.77×10^(19) cm^(-3) at room temperature.Furthermore,the Pb strongly inhibits the creation of intrinsic Ag_(Cr) defects,weakens the increased thermal excited ionization with the increasing temperature and slowed the rising trend of the carrier concentration.The designed carrier concentration matches the theoretically predicted optimized one over the entire temperature range,leading to a remarkable enhancement in power factor,especially the maximum power factor of ~500 μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2) at 750 K is superior to most previous results.Additionally,the abundant point defects promote phonon scattering,thus reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.As a result,the maximum figure of merit zT(~0.51 at 750 K) is achieved in Ag_(0.97)Cr_(0.995)Pb_(0.005)Se_(2).This work confirms the feasibility of manipulating deep-level defects to achieve temperature-dependent optimal carrier concentration and provides a valuable guidance for other thermoelectric materials.
文摘In this paper, crust medium is treated as Maxwell medium, and crust model includes hard inclusion, soft inclusion,deep-level fault. The stress concentration and its evolution with time are obtained by using three-dimensional finite element method and differential method. The conclusions are drawn as follows:①The average stress concentration and maximum shear stress concentration caused by non-heterogeneous of crust are very high in hard inclusion and around the deep fault. With the time passing by, the concentration of average stress in the model gradually trends to uniform. At the same time, the concentration of maximum shear stress in hard inclusion increases gradually. This character is favorable to transfer shear strain energy from soft inclusion to hard inclusion. ② When the upper mantle beneath the inclusion upheave at a certain velocity of 1 cm/a the changes of average stress concentration with time become complex, and the boundary of the hard and soft inclusion become unconspicuous, but the maximum shear stress concentration increases much more in the hard inclusion with time at a higher velocity. This feature make for transformation of energy from the soft inclusion to the hard inclusion. @ The changes of average stress concentration and maximum shear stress concentration with time around the deep-level fault result in further accumulation of maximum shear stress concentration and finally cause the deep-level fault instable and accelerated creep along fault direction. ④ The changes of vertical displacement on the surface of the model, which is caused by the accelerated creep of the deep-level fault, is similar to that of the observation data before Xingtai strong earthquake.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (50490275)
文摘On the basis of ANSYS finite element model(FEM) software, the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield was simulated numerically. Based on Haizhou Mine and Wulong Mine as two typical deep-level rockburst examples in Fuxin coalfield, the rules and characteristics of the deep-level rockburst were analyzed. And the models were es- tablished. For Haizhou mine, the relationship between mining distance and rockburst was presented when 100, 300, 600 m were mined in 3313 working face. When 300 m were mined, the rockburst began to emerge. When 600 m were mined, the rockburst was the most possible to happen and the compression stress of the working face reached to the maximum value. The effect of tectonic stress on synclinal axis is also a key factor to rockburst occurrence. This was verified by the rockburst happened when 496 m were mined. For Wulong mine, based on the 311 working face as an example, the contours of Y stress in the roof and floor were obtained when the mining distance were 100, 200, 300 and 400 m. When 100 and 400 m were mined, the high stress con- centration regions occurred in the front of working face. This shows the rockburst is easy to happen. It is confirmed by the rockburst when 91m were mined in 311 working plane. The above indicates that the numerical simulation has instructive rule to study the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield.
