A stability evaluation method for deep-seated toppling in the upper Lancang river,Southwestern China

Deep-seated toppling in the upper reaches of the Lancang River,southwest China involves deformations exceeding 100 m in depth.The slope deformation is initiated by river downcutting and evolves distinctive characteristics with a depth of river incision.In this study,we propose a system for evaluating the stability of deep-seated toppled slopes in different evolutionary stages.This system contains identification criteria for each evolutionary stage and provides the corresponding stability evaluation methods.Based on the mechanical and kinematic analysis of slope blocks,the specific stage of slope movement can be identified in the field through outcrop mapping,in situ tests,surface displacement monitoring,and adit and borehole explorations.The stability evaluation methods are established based on the limiting equilibrium theory and the strain compatibility between the undisturbed zone and the toppled zone.Finally,several sample slopes in different evolution stages have been investigated to verify the applicability and accuracy of the proposed stability evaluation system.The results indicate that intense tectonic activity and rapid river incision lead to a maximum principal stress ratio exceeding 10 near the slope surface,thus triggering widespread toppling deformations along the river valley.When considering the losses of joint cohesion during the further rotation process,the safety factor of the slope drops by 7%e28%.The self-stabilization of toppling deformation can be recognized by the layer symmetry configuration after the free rotation of the deflected layers.Intensely toppled rock blocks mainly suffer sliding failures beyond the layer symmetry condition.The factor of safety of the K73 rockslide decreased from 1.17 to 0.87 by considering the development of the potential sliding surface and the toesaturated zone.

THE MECHANICAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THEBURIED HILLS AND THE DEEP-SEATED FRACTURAL ZONE IN THE DIWA-TYPE FAULTED BASIN IN CENTRAL HEBEI PROVINCE,CHINA

The author proves the existence and movement of a deep-seated fraetural Zone located in the eenter zone of the diwa-type faulted basin in central Hebei Province. This deep-seated fraeturai zone tending in NNE direction is a structural effect of the mtodle East Asin Grustobody in the Mexozoic-Cenozoic. This paper will diseuss the formation, evolution and the meehanism of the deep-seated fraetural zone, faulted basin and the buried hills as well as their relationships. The uthor expounds that the deep geological process is the major factor of the structural effect.

Large-scale shaking table test on unlined tunnel in fault zone under threedimensional earthquake

A fault is a geological structure characterized by significant displacement of rock masses along a fault plane within the Earth's crust.The Yunnan Tabaiyi Tunnel intersects multiple fault zones,making tunnel construction in fault-prone areas particularly vulnerable to the effects of fault activity due to the complexities of the surrounding geological environment.To investigate the dynamic response characteristics of tunnel structures under varying surrounding rock conditions,a three-dimensional large-scale shaking table physical model test was conducted.This study also aimed to explore the damage mechanisms associated with the Tabaiyi Tunnel under seismic loading.The results demonstrate that poor quality surrounding rock enhances the seismic response of the tunnel.This effect is primarily attributed to the distribution characteristics of acceleration,dynamic strain,and dynamic soil pressure.A comparison between unidirectional and multi-directional(including vertical)seismic motions reveals that vertical seismic motion has a more significant impact on specific tunnel locations.Specifically,the maximum tensile stress is observed at the arch shoulder,with values ranging from 60 to 100 k Pa.Moreover,NPR(Non-Prestressed Reinforced)anchor cables exhibit a substantial constant resistance effect under low-amplitude seismic waves.However,when the input earthquake amplitude reaches 0.8g,local sliding occurs at the arch shoulder region of the NPR anchor cable.These findings underscore the importance of focusing on seismic mitigation measures in fault zones and reinforcing critical areas,such as the arch shoulders,in practical engineering applications.

A Power Battery Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Long-Short Term Memory-Back Propagation

The lithium battery is an essential component of electric cars;prompt and accurate problem detection is vital in guaranteeing electric cars’safe and dependable functioning and addressing the limitations of Back Propagation(BP)neural networks in terms of vanishing gradients and inability to effectively capture dependencies in time series,and the limitations of Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM)neural network models in terms of risk of overfitting.A method based on LSTM-BP is put forward for power battery fault diagnosis to improve the accuracy of lithium battery fault diagnosis.First,a lithium battery model is constructed based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit and the electro-thermal coupling model,and various lithium battery failures are simulated to examine the fault characteristics.Then,the lithium battery charging and discharging experiments collect,clean,and process the battery data.By constructing a neural network LSTM-BP model,we verified the superiority and accuracy of the LSTM-BP neural network model by comparing the LSTM model and BP model vertically and by comparing the Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)model,the Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)model,and the Residual Neural Network(ResNet)model of a more advanced architecture horizontally.Finally,the lithium battery fault diagnosis process is summarized through the threshold quantitative criteria,and different faults are diagnosed and analyzed.Theresults show that the LSTM-BP neural network not only overcomes the limitations of the LSTMneural network and BP neural network but also improves the ability to process sequence data and reduces the risk of overfitting.

Actuator fault diagnosis and severity identification of turbofan engines for steady-state and dynamic conditions

Actuator faults can be critical in turbofan engines as they can lead to stall,surge,loss of thrust and failure of speed control.Thus,fault diagnosis of gas turbine actuators has attracted considerable attention,from both academia and industry.However,the extensive literature that exists on this topic does not address identifying the severity of actuator faults and focuses mainly on actuator fault detection and isolation.In addition,previous studies of actuator fault identification have not dealt with multiple concurrent faults in real time,especially when these are accompanied by sudden failures under dynamic conditions.This study develops component-level models for fault identification in four typical actuators used in high-bypass ratio turbofan engines under both dynamic and steady-state conditions and these are then integrated with the engine performance model developed by the authors.The research results reported here present a novel method of quantifying actuator faults using dynamic effect compensation.The maximum error for each actuator is less than0.06%and 0.07%,with average computational time of less than 0.0058 s and 0.0086 s for steady-state and transient cases,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method can accurately and efficiently identify concurrent actuator fault for an engine operating under either transient or steady-state conditions,even in the case of a sudden malfunction.The research results emonstrate the potential benefit to emergency response capabilities by introducing this method of monitoring the health of aero engines.

Normal faulting and its role in the drainage divide migration in the Karιncalιda?region,Menderes Massif,Western Türkiye

Drainage divide migration refers to the shifting boundaries between adjacent drainage basins over time,driven by processes such as tectonic uplift,differential erosion,stream capture,and lithological variations.This phenomenon has a significant impact on water flow patterns and basin extents,serving as an indicator of the landscape's response to active tectonic forces.One of the key drivers of divide migration is asymmetric uplift,which causes divides to shift from areas of lower uplift to regions experiencing higher uplift.Drainage divides are inherently dynamic,evolving over time as drainage networks develop and adjust to changing conditions.This study focuses on the migration of the main drainage divide along Karιncalιda?,located between Bozdo?an and Karacasu.It employs geomorphic analyses using metrics such as the normalized steepness index(ksn),Chi(χ),and Gilbert metrics.The main divide is categorized into four segments(D1–D4),with the Karacasu Fault,situated along the mountain's north-eastern boundary,identified as the primary factor influencing divide dynamics.Secondary factors include the relatively low elevation of Karιncalιda?,uniform lithology,and consistent rainfall patterns across the region.The results indicate that the main divide is currently stable,suggesting a balance between uplift and erosion.However,higherχvalues in the D4 segment suggest that future erosion may dominate,potentially causing the divide to migrate toward the Bozdo?an Basin.These findings highlight the dynamic nature of drainage divides and the complex interplay of tectonic,erosional,and lithological processes that shape their evolution.Continued monitoring and advanced geomorphic analysis are essential for understanding the long-term stability of the divide and its response to future tectonic activity and erosional modifications.

Deformation mechanism and NPR anchor cable truss coupling support in tunnel through fault fracture zone

To address the issue of extensive deformation in the Tabaiyi Tunnel caused by the fault zone,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology was employed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of waterabsorbing mudstone.This analysis aimed to understand the mechanism behind the significant deformations.Drawing from the principle of excavation stress compensation,a support scheme featuring NPR anchorcables and an asymmetric truss support system was devised.To validate the scheme,numerical analysis using a combination of the Discrete Element Method(DEM)-Finite Element Method(FEM)was conducted.Additionally,similar material model tests and engineering measurements were carried out.Field experiments were also performed to evaluate the NPR anchor-cable and truss support system,focusing on anchor cable forces,pressures between the truss and surrounding rock,pressures between the initial support and secondary lining,as well as the magnitude of settlement and convergence deformation in the surrounding rock.The results indicate that the waterinduced expansion of clay minerals,resulting from damage caused by fissure water,accelerated the softening of the mudstone's internal structure,leading to significant deformations in the Tabaiyi Tunnel under high tectonic stress.The original support design fell short as the length of the anchor rods was smaller than the expansion depth of the plastic zone.As a result,the initial support structure bore the entire load from the surrounding rock,and a non-coupled deformation contact was observed between the double-arch truss and the surrounding rock.The adoption of NPR asymmetric anchor-cable support effectively restrained the expansion and asymmetric distribution characteristics of the plastic zone.Considering the mechanical degradation caused by water absorption in mudstone,the rigid constraint provided by the truss proved crucial for controlling the stability of the surrounding rock.These research findings hold significant implications for managing large deformations in soft rock tunnels situated within fractured zones under high tectonic stress conditions.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEEP-SEATED XENOLITHS IN CENOZOIC BASALT IN KANGXIWA, WEST KUNLUN,CHINA

Our understanding of solid earth is from the surface, but the depth we can reach is very limited. So, most of the interpretations of geological processes and mechanisms extrapolated from all kinds of the surface phenomena is greatly uncertain. Recently many researchers concentrate their efforts to the geological and geophysical studying of the deep processes of the solid earth. The International Lithosphere Project (ILP) started in 1981 now is also a frontier field. One of the concentrations of this project is the 3\|D structure, tectonic evolution and the dynamic models of lithosphere\|asthenosphere system (Li Xiaobo etc., 1997). The studying of the igneous rocks and bearing deep\|seated xenoliths, as one of the effective methods probing the structure and evolution of the lithosphere, plays a very important role in these aspects (Deng Jinfu et al., 1996; Lu Fengxiang, 1997).Commonly, magmas come to the surface in great speed and the covering lithosphere should be relatively thinner. For example, the thickness of the lithosphere in East China is about 60～80km in the era when the volcanoes erupted (Deng Jinfu et al. 1994). Recently, many deep\|seated xenoliths were found in several localities of southwest Tianshan (Han Baofu et al., 1998). But in Qinghai—Xizang plateau, “So far no any xenoliths of mantle rocks as peridotites, lherzolites and harzburgites and high pressure granulites were found (Deng Wanming et al., 1997)”.. But in the fieldwork of 1998 we find some deep\|seated xenoliths in Cenozoic basaltic rocks in Kangxiwa region, West Kunlun, China. This work is a part of the project “XinJiang DuShanZi—QuanShuiGou transect” managed by academician Xiao Xuchang.

Geophysical-Geological Interpretation and Deep-Seated Gold Deposit Prospecting in Sanshandong-Jiaojia Area, Eastern Shandong Province, China

Integrated gravitational, electrical-magnetic surveys and data processing carried out in the Sanshandao-Jiaojia area, Eastern Shandong Province, northeast China, aim to illuminate the geological characteristics of this shallow-covered area and delineate deep-seated gold prospecting targets. In this region, altogether 12 faults exert critical control on distribution of three types of Early Precambrian metamorphic rock series, i.e. those in the metamorphic rock area, in the granitic rock area underlying the metamorphic rock, and in the remnant metamorphic rock area in granites, respectively. Additionally, the faults have major effects on distribution of four Mesozoic Linglong rock bodies of granite, i.e. the Cangshang, Liangguo, Zhuqiao-Miaojia and Jincheng granites. The Sanshandao and Jiaojia Faults are two well-known regional ore-controlling faults; they have opposite dip direction, and intersect at a depth of 4500 m. Fracture alteration zones have striking geophysical differences relative to the surrounding county rocks. The two faults extend down along dip direction in a gentle wave form, and appear at some steps with different dips. These steps comprise favorable gold prospecting areas, consistent with a step metallogenic model. Six deep-seated gold-prospecting targets are delineated, i.e. Jincheng-Qianchenjia, Xiaoxizhuang-Zhaoxian, Xiyou-Wujiazhuangzi, Xiangyangling-Xinlicun, Panjiawuzi and Miaojia-Pinglidian.

Numerical modeling of deep-seated landslides interacting with man-made structures

This paper describes the interaction between deep-seated landslides and man-made structures such as dams, penstocks, viaducts, and tunnels. Selected case studies are reported first with the intent to gain insights into the complexities associated with the interaction of these structures with deep-seated landslides(generally referred to as deep-seated gravity slope deformations, DSGSDs). The main features, which characterize these landslides, are mentioned together with the interaction problems encountered in each case. Given the main objective of this paper, the numerical modeling methods adopted are outlined as means for increase in the understanding of the interaction problems being investigated. With the above in mind, the attention moves to an important and unique case history dealing with the interaction of a large-size twin-tunnel excavated with an earth pressure balance(EPB)tunnel boring machine(TBM) and a deep-seated landslide, which was reactivated due to the stress changes induced by tunnel excavation in landslide shear zone. The geological and geotechnical conditions are described together with the available monitoring data on the landslide movements, based on the advanced and conventional monitoring tools used. Numerical modeling is illustrated as an aid to back-analyze the monitored surface and subsurface deformations and to assist in finding the appropriate engineering solution for putting the tunnel into service and as a follow-up means for future understanding and control of the interaction problems. The simulation is based on a novel time-dependent model representing the landslide behavior.

Deep-seated large-scale toppling failure in metamorphic rocks：a case study of the Erguxi slope in southwest China

Deep-seated large-scale toppling failure presents unique challenges in the study of natural slope deformation process in mountainous regions.An active deep-seated toppling process was identified in the Erguxi slope located in southwest China,which affected a large area and damaged critical transportation infrastructure with the volume of the deforming rock mass exceeding 24×10~6 m^3.It poses significant risks to the downstream Shiziping Hydropower Station by damming the Zagunao River.Field investigation and monitoring results indicate that the deformation of the Erguxi slope is in the advanced stage of deep-seated toppling process,with the formation of a disturbed belt but no identifiable master failure surface.It was postulated that the alternating tensile and shear strength associated with the hard/soft laminated rock strata of metasandstone and phyllite layers preclude the development of either a tensile or shear failure surface,which resulted in the continuous deformation and displacement without a catastrophic mass movement.The slope movement is in close association with the unfavorable geological conditions of the study area in addition to the construction of transportation infrastructure and the increase of the reservoir level.On the basis of the mechanism and intensity of the ongoing toppling deformation,a qualitative grading system was proposed to describe the toppling process and toevaluate the slope stability.This paper summarized the field observation and monitoring data on the toppling deformation for better characterizing its effect on the stability of the Erguxi slope.The qualitative grading system intends to provide a basis for quantitative study of large-scale deep-seated toppling process in metamorphic rocks.

基于AHRFaultSegNet深度学习网络的地震数据断层自动识别

断层识别是地震数据解释的重要环节之一。深度学习技术的发展有效提高了断层自动识别的效率和准确性。然而,目前在断层的自动识别任务中,如何准确捕捉断层细微结构并有效抵抗噪声干扰仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。为此,在HRNet网络的基础上,构建了一种基于解耦自注意力机制的高分辨率断层识别网络模型AHRFaultSegNet。对于自注意力机制解耦,结合空间注意力和通道注意力,代替HRNet中并行传播的卷积层,在减少传统自注意力机制计算量的同时,模型可以在全局范围内计算输入特征的相关性,更准确地建模非局部特征;对解耦自注意力使用残差连接来保留原始特征,在加速模型训练的同时,使模型能够更好地保持细节信息。实验结果表明,所提出的网络模型在Dice、Fmeasure、IoU、Precision、Recall等性能评价指标上均优于其他常见的断层自动识别网络模型。通过对合成地震数据与实际地震数据等进行测试,证明了该方法对断层细微结构具有良好的识别效果并且具有良好的抗噪能力。

Gouge stability controlled by temperature elevation and obsidian addition in basaltic faults and implications for moonquakes

Basalt is a major component of the earth and moon crust.Mineral composition and temperature influence frictional instability and thus the potential for seismicity on basaltic faults.We performed velocitystepping shear experiments on basalt gouges at a confining pressure of 100 MPa,temperatures in the range of 100-400℃ and with varied obsidian mass fractions of 0-100%under wet/dry conditions to investigate the frictional strength and stability of basaltic faults.We observe a transition from velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behaviors with increasing obsidian content.The frictional stability response of the mixed obsidian/basalt gouges is characterized by a transition from velocitystrengthening to velocity-weakening at 200℃ and another transition to velocity-strengthening at temperatures>300℃.Conversely,frictional strengths of the obsidian-bearing gouges are insensitive to temperature and wet/dry conditions.These results suggest that obsidian content dominates the potential seismic response of basaltic faults with the effect of temperature controlling the range of seismogenic depths.Thus,shallow moonquakes tend to occur in the lower lunar crust due to the corresponding anticipated higher glass content and a projected temperature range conducive to velocity-weakening behavior.These observations contribute to a better understanding of the nucleation mechanism of shallow seismicity in basaltic faults.

Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

Dynamic Vision Enabled Contactless Cross-Domain Machine Fault Diagnosis With Neuromorphic Computing

Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel dynamic vision enabled contactless cross-domain fault diagnosis method with neuromorphic computing.The event-based camera is adopted to capture the machine vibration states in the perspective of vision.

Deep-seated rock fracture of valley slopes in China:A review

Deep-seated rock fractures(referred to as DSRF hereafter)in valley slopes are uncommon geological phenomena that challenge our previous understanding of slope unloading processes.These fractures weaken the strength and integrity of the rock mass,potentially forming unstable block boundaries with significant volume,thereby affecting the stability of slopes,chambers,and dam abutments.DSRF has emerged as a critical environmental and engineering geological issue that hinders large-scale projects in deep canyon areas.Despite the attention and practical treatment given to DSRF in engineering practice,theoretical research on this topic still lags behind the demands of engineering applications.To garner widespread attention and promote the resolution of DSRF-related problems,this review aims to redefine DSRF through comprehensive data collection and analysis,engineering geological analogies,and field investigations,and provide a summary and analysis of the research progress on DSRF,along with future research directions.The study defines DSRF as the intermittent tension cracks or relaxation zones within a slightly weathered or fresh,and intact or relatively intact rock mass distributed below the surface unloading zones of a deep canyon slope,and should be distinguished from"loose rock mass"and"deep-seated gravitational slope deformations".The article provides an overview of the development and distribution,rupture characteristics,and genesis mechanism of DSRF.It proposes that DSRF is formed based on the fluvial deviation-undercutting evolution mode,wherein the energy accumulated in the rock mass is violently released when the river further down cuts the slope after the rock mass has undergone cyclical loadingunloading.However,further research is necessary to establish a comprehensive database for DSRF,refine exploration techniques,understand evolutionary processes,develop engineering evaluation methods,and predict the distribution of DSRF.

Autonomous Recommendation of Fault Detection Algorithms for Spacecraft

Dear Editor, This letter deals with the problem of algorithm recommendation for online fault detection of spacecraft. By transforming the time series data into distributions and introducing a distribution-aware measure, a principal method is designed for quantifying the detectabilities of fault detection algorithms over special datasets.

The MW5.5 earthquake on August 6,2023,in Pingyuan,Shandong,China:A rupture on a buried fault

On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no active fault had been previously identified.This study collects 1309 P-wave arrival times and 866 S-wave arrival times from 74 seismic stations less than 200 km to the epicenter to constrain the spatial distribution of the mainshock and its 125 early aftershocks by the double difference earthquake relocation method,and selects 864 P-waveforms from 288 stations located within 800 km of the epicenter to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock through centroid moment tensor inversion.The relocation and the inversion indicate,the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake was caused by a rupture on a buried fault,likely an extensive segment of the Gaotang fault.This buried fault exhibited a dip of approximately 75°to the northwest,with a strike of 222°,similar to the Gaotang fault.The rupture initiated at the depth of 18.6 km and propagated upward and northeastward.However,the ground surface was not broken.The total duration of the rupture was~6.0 s,releasing the scalar moment of 2.5895×1017 N·m,equivalent to MW5.54.The moment rate reached the maximum only 1.4 seconds after the rupture initiation,and the 90%scalar moment was released in the first 4.6 s.In the first 1.4 seconds of the rupture process,the rupture velocity was estimated to be 2.6 km/s,slower than the local S-wave velocity.As the rupture neared its end,the rupture velocity decreased significantly.This study provides valuable insights into the seismic characteristics of the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake,shedding light on the previously unidentified buried fault responsible for the seismic activity in the region.Understanding the behavior of such faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and enhancing earthquake preparedness in the future.

Instability mechanism of mining roadway passing through fault at different angles in kilometre-deep mine and control measures of roof cutting and NPR cables

The angle α between the fault strike and the axial direction of the roadway produces different damage characteristics. In this paper, the research methodology includes theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and field experiments in the context of the Daqiang coal mine located in Shenyang, China. The stability control countermeasure of "pre-splitting cutting roof + NPR anchor cable"(PSCR-NPR) is simultaneously proposed. According to the different deformation characteristics of the roadway, the faults are innovatively classified into three types, with α of type I being 0°-30°, α of type II being 30°-60°, and α of type III being 60°-90°. The full-cycle stress evolution paths during mining roadway traverses across different types of faults are investigated by numerical simulation. Different pinch angles α lead to high stress concentration areas at different locations in the surrounding rock. The non-uniform stress field formed in the shallow surrounding rock is an important reason for the instability of the roadway. The pre-cracked cut top shifted the high stress region to the deep rock mass and formed a low stress region in the shallow rock mass. The high prestressing NPR anchor cable transforms the non-uniform stress field of the shallow surrounding rock into a uniform stress field. PSCR-NPR is applied in the fault-through roadway of Daqiang mine. The low stress area of the surrounding rock was enlarged by 3-7 times, and the cumulative convergence was reduced by 45%-50%. It provides a reference for the stability control of the deep fault-through mining roadway.

Causal temporal graph attention network for fault diagnosis of chemical processes

Fault detection and diagnosis(FDD)plays a significant role in ensuring the safety and stability of chemical processes.With the development of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data technologies,data-driven approaches with excellent performance are widely used for FDD in chemical processes.However,improved predictive accuracy has often been achieved through increased model complexity,which turns models into black-box methods and causes uncertainty regarding their decisions.In this study,a causal temporal graph attention network(CTGAN)is proposed for fault diagnosis of chemical processes.A chemical causal graph is built by causal inference to represent the propagation path of faults.The attention mechanism and chemical causal graph were combined to help us notice the key variables relating to fault fluctuations.Experiments in the Tennessee Eastman(TE)process and the green ammonia(GA)process showed that CTGAN achieved high performance and good explainability.