Oruxmaps软件结合Global Mapper软件在矿产资源行业并购中的应用

纸质地质图结合手持GPS,采用手工方式野外记录的传统地质调查工作方式已不能适应数字化和信息化的要求,在矿产资源并购项目中,运用Oruxmaps、Global Mapper等软件,可以制作适应地质调查工作所特需的离线地质图,实现地质图、GPS定位、路线轨迹记录、文字记录、影像记录等的有机结合,形成了一套行之有效的工作流程,极大地提高了路线地质调查工作的质量和效率。

Geological Fluid Mapping in the Tongling Area:Implications for the Paleozoic Submarine Hydrothermal System in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt,East China

The Tongling area is one of the 7 ore-cluster areas in the Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt, East China, and has tectonically undergone a long-term geologic history from the late Paleozoic continental rifting, through the Middle Triassic continent-continent collision to the Jurassic-Cretaceous intracontinental tectono-magmatic activation. The Carboniferous sedimentary-exhalative processes in the area produced widespread massive sulfides with ages of 303-321 Ma, which partly formed massive pyrite-Cu deposits, but mostly provided significant sulfur and metals to the skarn Cu mineralization associated with the Yanshanian felsic intrusions.To understand the Carboniferous submarine hydrothermal system, an area of about 1046 km^2 was chosen to carry out the geological fluid mapping. Associated with massive sulfide formation, footwall sequences 948 m to 1146 m thick, composed of the Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian sandstone, siltstone and thin-layered shale, were widely altered. This hydrothermal alteration is interpreted to reflect largescale hydrothermal fluid flow associated with the late Paleozoic crustal rifting and subsidence. Three hydrothermal alteration types, i.e., deep-level semiconformable siliclfication （S1）, fracture-controlled quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration （S2-3）, and upper-level sub-discordant quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration （D3）, were developed to form distinct zones in the mapped area. About 50-m thick semiconformable silicification zones are located at -1-km depth below massive sulfides and developed between an impermeable shale caprock （S1） and the underlying Ordovician unaltered limestone. Comparisons with modern geothermal systems suggest that the alteration zones record a sub-seafioor aquifer with the most productive hydrothermal fluid flow. Fracture-controlled quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration formed transgressive zones, which downward crosscut the semiconformable alteration zones, and upwards grade into sub-discordant alteration zones that enveloped no economic stringer- stockwork zones beneath massive sulfides. This transgressive zone likely marks an upfiow path of high- flux fluids from the hydrothermal aquifer. Lateral zonation of the sub-discordant alteration zones and their relationship to overlying massive sulfide lenses suggest lateral flows and diffusive discharging of the hydrothermal fluids in a permeable sandstone sequence. Three large-sized, 14 middle-small massive sulfide deposits, and 40 massive sulfide sites have been mapped in detail. They show regional strata- bound characters and two major styles, i.e., the layered sheet plus strata-bound stringer-style and the mound-style. Associated exhalite and chemical sedimentary rock suites include （1） anhydrite-barite, （2） jasper-chert, （3） Mg-rich mudstone-pyrite shale, （4） barite lens, （5） siderite-Fe-bearing dolomite, and （6） Mn-rich shale-mudstone, which usually comprise three sulfide-exhalite cyclic units in the area.The spatial distribution of these alteration zones （minerals） and associated massive sulfdes and exhalites, and regional variation in δ^34S of hydrothermal pyrite and in δ^18O-δ^34C of hanging wall carbonates, suggest three WNW-extending domains of fluid flow, controlled by the basement faults and syn-depositional faults. Each fluid domain appears to have at least two upflow zones, with estimated even spacing of about 5-8 km in the mapped area. The repeated appearance of sulfide-sulfate or sulfide-carbonate rhythmic units in the area suggests episodically venting of fluids through the upfiow conduits by breaking the overlying seals of the hydrothermal aquifer.

Digital Geological Mapping of Sinus Iridum Area of the Moon Based on the Chang'E-I Data

Based on the CCD images,IIM data and DEM data of China＇s lunar exploration project （Chang＇E-Ⅰ） and related processed and analytic results,an integrated study of regional geology of Sinus Iridum and its adjacent area was conducted,and a series of relevant researches and analyses were carried out,including analysis of impact craters and their extrusive and accumulative materials,division of stratigraphic and tectonic units and classification of rock types,integrated analysis of chronology and lunar evolution history.In consideration of crater＇s shape features,quantity and preserving status of filling materials,the lunar impact craters can be divided into 7 types and 11 subtypes,and the accumulative materials of craters are divided into 6 types and 9 accumulative groups.According to the content and distribution of TiO2 and image characteristics,the basalts are divided into high-TiO2,medium-TiO2 and low-TiO2 basalts.Discussion was made on division of tectonic units and evolution features in the study area.The geological map of the Sinus Iridum Quadrangle （LQ-4） at a scale of 1∶2.5 M was preliminarily compiled with the ArcGIS system,and the spatial database of the map was established.Related technical specification,procedure and method for lunar geological mapping have been worked out,so as to lay a foundation for the forthcoming geological mapping of the global Moon in China by using the data of Chang＇E-Ⅱ and also for comprehensive study and geological mapping of other celestial bodies in the future.

OneGeology:Making Geological Map Data for the Earth Accessible

OneGeology is an international initiative of the geological surveys of the world and a flagship project of the"International Year of Planet Earth".Its aim is to create a digital geological map of the world and to make it available via the web to all.The target scale is l:l million but the project is pragmatic and accepts a range of scales and the best available data.To date, 102 countries are participating in the project and。

Exploring deep learning for landslide mapping:A comprehensive review

A detailed and accurate inventory map of landslides is crucial for quantitative hazard assessment and land planning.Traditional methods relying on change detection and object-oriented approaches have been criticized for their dependence on expert knowledge and subjective factors.Recent advancements in highresolution satellite imagery,coupled with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,particularly datadriven deep learning algorithms(DL)such as convolutional neural networks(CNN),have provided rich feature indicators for landslide mapping,overcoming previous limitations.In this review paper,77representative DL-based landslide detection methods applied in various environments over the past seven years were examined.This study analyzed the structures of different DL networks,discussed five main application scenarios,and assessed both the advancements and limitations of DL in geological hazard analysis.The results indicated that the increasing number of articles per year reflects growing interest in landslide mapping by artificial intelligence,with U-Net-based structures gaining prominence due to their flexibility in feature extraction and generalization.Finally,we explored the hindrances of DL in landslide hazard research based on the above research content.Challenges such as black-box operations and sample dependence persist,warranting further theoretical research and future application of DL in landslide detection.

Contribution to the Numerical Geological Mapping of the Paleocene in the Western Part of Thiès (Senegal)

The locality of Thiès has significant mining and hydrogeological resources that are of major economic interest and necessitates a sustainable management. Most of these resources are contained in the Paleocene. For a better assessment of Paleocene, we elaborated a spatial model using available seismic lines, oil and hydraulic drills. The data were integrated using interpolation, mainly natural neighbor method. The obtained model should make it possible to understand the variation of the lithostratigraphic parameters of the Paleocene. The extraction from the model of the upper and the lower limits showed that the Paleocene is shallow and is outcropping to subout-cropping in the area of Thiès. The model was validated using previously available geological map. Also, a crosscorrelation of the predicted and the observed data showed that the model is accurate.

Design and implementation of web fast sharing platform of massive geological map

It is still a laborious work to consult massive multidisciplinary geological maps which are scattered in different geological departments,and hard to give full play to the potential application value of geological map. Along with the network,the development of communication and computer technology,especially with the Web2.0 technology arisen,provides opportunities to the web for sharing of geological maps. Web fast sharing platform of massive geological maps( WSPGM) is based on the Flex technology development,using B/S architecture,with map navigation,search,display,security and other functions of the software system. Through the map pretreatment and asynchronous communication the system can display any size of geological map,and through the range limits,rights management,sharing system and watermark logo to take effective security on geological map. On the basis of this system,with the Jilin University web sharing system of geological map,the system can greatly improve the efficiency of using geological map. for research.

PALSAR-FBS L-HH Mode and Landsat-TM Data Fusion for Geological Mapping

Characterized by lithological diversity and rich mineral resources, Benshangul-Gumuz National Regional State located in Asosa Zones, Western Ethiopia has been investigated for geological mapping and morpho-structural lineaments extraction using PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar ) Fine Beam Single (FBS) L-HH polarization and Landsat-5 TM (Thematic Mapper ) datasets. These data were preprocessed to retrieve ground surface reflectance and backscatter coefficients. To overcome the geometry acquisition between the two sensors, they were geometrically and topographically rectified using ASTER-V2 DEM. Intensity-Hue-Saturation, directional filters and automatic lineaments extraction were applied on the datasets for lithological units’ discrimination and structural delimitation for potential mineral exploration. The obtained results showed good relationship among the topographic morphology, rock-substrate, structural variations properties, and drainage network. The spectral variations were easily associated with lithological units. Likewise, the morpho-structural information highlighted in the PALSAR image was visible without altering the radiometric integrity of the details in TM bands through the fusion process. Moreover, predominant lineaments directions trending NE-SW, NS, and NW-SE were identified. Results of this study highlighted the importance of the PALSAR FBS L-HH mode and TM data fusion to enhance geological features and lithological units for mineral exploration particularly in tropical zones.

Geological Mapping Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Spectro-Radiometric Measurements in Cyprus

Our goal is to map the different geological features using satellite remotely sensed images of Cyprus acquired both from Landsat5/7 TM/ETM+,ASTER and Quickbird sensors.We want to distinguish such features on the basis of their spectral characteristics.Detailed reflectance spectra have been acquired using the SVC HR-1024 field spectroradiometer.This spectral information with results of a field visit has been used to determine how to process the spectra using image data. Other goals of this study are to explore the differences between the map arrived through image processing and

Automated machine learning for rainfall-induced landslide hazard mapping in Luhe County of Guangdong Province,China

Landslide hazard mapping is essential for regional landslide hazard management.The main objective of this study is to construct a rainfall-induced landslide hazard map of Luhe County,China based on an automated machine learning framework(AutoGluon).A total of 2241 landslides were identified from satellite images before and after the rainfall event,and 10 impact factors including elevation,slope,aspect,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),topographic wetness index(TWI),lithology,land cover,distance to roads,distance to rivers,and rainfall were selected as indicators.The WeightedEnsemble model,which is an ensemble of 13 basic machine learning models weighted together,was used to output the landslide hazard assessment results.The results indicate that landslides mainly occurred in the central part of the study area,especially in Hetian and Shanghu.Totally 102.44 s were spent to train all the models,and the ensemble model WeightedEnsemble has an Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of92.36%in the test set.In addition,14.95%of the study area was determined to be at very high hazard,with a landslide density of 12.02 per square kilometer.This study serves as a significant reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and land use planning in Luhe County.

Engineering Geological Map of the Sakha(Yakutia) Republic

The Engineering Geological Map of the Sakha（Yakutia） Republic covers about 3 million kilometers which is one-fifth of the territory of Russia.The map displays ground and geocryological conditions and active faults.Seismic intensity,schemes of zoning by factors of engineering geological conditions,and the general scheme of engineering geological zoning of the Sakha（Yakutia） Republic or the SR（Y）,are shown on the inset maps.The map is required to provide information for planning,construction and exploitation of engineering structures in the SR（Y）.A distinguishing feature of the map is the indication of almost blanket distribution of the frozen ground class.Types of the frozen ground class are separated by lithology,while ground varieties are separated by temperature.Fresh and ultra-fresh suprapermafrost water is predominant within the territory.The compiled map indicates parts of the Arctic-Asian and Baikalo-Stanovoi planetary seismic belts that make engineering geological conditions more complicated.

Synthesis of Literature and Field Work Data Leading to the Compilation of a New Geological Map—A Review of Geology of Northwestern Greece

This paper presents the geological structure of the entire region of northwestern Greece (Epirus). Four geotectonic zones (Subpelagonian, Pindos, Gavrovo, and Ionian) develop in this area, overthrusting one another, their compression axes trending NE-SW. Normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults with main directions NNW-SSE, NE-SW, and E-W have influenced the geological formations. In the context of this paper, the results of all previous, relevant studies were considered, summarized and reviewed, in order to provide a brief historical recursion and present some of the most important discoveries made in the area, from 1840 until present. All these results were evaluated and combined, the geological formations were grouped according to their characteristics and field work enabled the confirmation or addition of new data, which led to the compilation of a new geological map, using GIS techniques, for the improved visualization of the geological and tectonic structure of northwestern Greece. This map illustrates a lot of new data, based on detailed geological-tectonic mapping, depicting the precise boundaries of the geological formations, detecting of Neogene and Quaternary sediments and evaluating fault activity. The knowledge and illustration of an area’s geological structure constitute a dynamic tool for further scientific research and economic development.

Advanced Investigation of Remote Sensing to Geological Mapping of Zefreh Region in Central Iran

This study has tried to prove the ability of remote sensing techniques to extract information necessary for preparation of geological mapping of the earth’s surface using multi-spectral satellite images which are rich sources of Earth’s surface information. In this study, the surface geological mappings of Zefreh region have been investigated through ASTER, OLI, and IRS-PAN remote sensing data. To prepare the geological map, preprocessing steps and reducing noises from data using MNF algorithm were firstly carried out. Then a set of processing algorithms and image classification methods are included;the band rationing, color composite and pixel classification based on maximum likelihood, spectral and sub-pixel classification methods of spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral feature fitting (SFF), linear spectral differentiation (LSU), hill-shade images and automatic lineament extraction were used. Confusion matrix was formed for all classified images through control points were randomly selected from 1:25,000 map of the region to determine the accuracy of obtained results, which indicated the maximum accuracy (up to 90%) of output images. Comparing the results obtained from these methods with the map prepared by ground operations confirmed accuracy results. Finally, the surface geology and fault map of Zafreh region was produced by combining detected geological formations and tectonic lineaments.

The Importance of Integrating Geological Mapping Information with Validated Assay Data for Generating Accurate Geological Wireframes in Orebody Modelling of Mineral Deposit in Mineral Resource Estimation: A Case Study in AngloGold Ashanti, Obuasi Mine

The basis of accurate mineral resource estimates is to have a geological model which replicates the nature and style of the orebody. Key inputs into the generation of a good geological model are the sample data and mapping information. The Obuasi Mine sample data with a lot of legacy issues were subjected to a robust validation process and integrated with mapping information to generate an accurate geological orebody model for mineral resource estimation in Block 8 Lower. Validation of the sample data focused on replacing missing collar coordinates, missing assays, and correcting magnetic declination that was used to convert the downhole surveys from true to magnetic, fix missing lithology and finally assign confidence numbers to all the sample data. The missing coordinates which were replaced ensured that the sample data plotted at their correct location in space as intended from the planning stage. Magnetic declination data, which was maintained constant throughout all the years even though it changes every year, was also corrected in the validation project. The corrected magnetic declination ensured that the drillholes were plotted on their accurate trajectory as per the planned azimuth and also reflected the true position of the intercepted mineralized fissure(s) which was previously not the case and marked a major blot in the modelling of the Obuasi orebody. The incorporation of mapped data with the validated sample data in the wireframes resulted in a better interpretation of the orebody. The updated mineral resource generated by domaining quartz from the sulphides and compared with the old resource showed that the sulphide tonnes in the old resource estimates were overestimated by 1% and the grade overestimated by 8.5%.

Geological, Soil and Sediment Studies in Chelsaton Sedimentary Basin, Kabul, Afghanistan

The geology, sediment and soil studies are important due to its significant impacts on agriculture, mining, constructions materials, industries, environment, ground water percolation, air pollution, surface and ground water pollutions, earthquakes and geo-hazards in Afghanistan. In this research, we studied petrography, Sediment, tectonic structures, soil fraction selection by using hydrometer, sieving analysis, and geological mapping. Results show different kinds of metamorphic rocks of low grade and medium grade metamorphisms, Garnete mica Schist, Garnete Schist, Quarsite, different types of minerals among rocks. Further, type of sediment consisting residual angular (Autochthonous) and rounded (Allochthonous) transported by water, among sediments consisting Garnete, Gneiss, Schist, Quarsite, Biotite and consisting different type of sizes boulders, Cobble, Granule, Sand, Silt. Hydrometer analysis shows different types of soil clayey loam, sandy loam, silty loam. Moreover, Geological mapping shows complex tectonic structures like joints, cracks, faults, folds, anticline and syncline. The obtained results suggest that the petrography, sediments and soil researches can be used efficiently for catchments of the Kabul Basin and other basins in Afghanistan.

Progress of Geological Survey Using Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data in the Gansu and Qinghai Regions

Hyperspectral remote sensing is now a frontier of the remote sensing technology. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data have hundreds of narrow bands to obtain complete and continuous ground-object spectra. Therefore, they can be effectively used to identify these grotmd objects which are difficult to discriminate by using wide-band data, and show much promise in geological survey. At the height of 1500 m, have 36 bands in visible to the CASI hyperspectral data near-infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 19 nm and a space resolution of 0.9 m. The SASI data have 101 bands in the shortwave infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 15 nm and a space resolution of 2.25 m. In 2010, China Geological Survey deployed an airborne CASI/SASI hyperspectral measurement project, and selected the Liuyuan and Fangshankou areas in the Beishan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province, and the Nachitai area of East Kunlun metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province to conduct geological survey. The work period of this project was three years.

Application of remote sensing technique to mapping of the map series of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia

Based on the mapping program of the map series of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia, the paper summarizes the application of remote sensing technique and the process of acquiring information from remote sensing images. Generally, remote sensing technique serves as an effective method to recognize information about karst topography, rocky desertification and karst collapse. Interpretation of remote sensing images, in combination with field verification and cartographic generalization, provides basic data for updating the program database and compiling synthetic maps. In interpreting remote sensing images, automatic extraction can make it more efficient and visual interpretation can improve its accuracy.

A Model for Managing Geological and Geophysical Data in Eastern Sicily (Italy) and Possible Applications

The main aim of this work is to describe in detail how to develop an instrument, with the goal of collecting and managing a great deal of both geological and geophysical data acquired using different survey typologies in Eastern Sicily (Italy). The opportunity to manage different categories of data, at the same time, allows us to have a complete view of the complex area studied. This paper discusses a software package that has been designed to enhance the efficiency of applying a range of geological and geophysical data. More than 12000 records are archived: boreholes represent 81% of the data and 19% is geophysical data. In this paper it is illustrated how both kinds of data, thanks to the functionalities of the database and the possibility of connecting to a Geographical Information System (GIS), can be used in a variety of different geological studies. We present four studies where is relevant the use of the database, in detail, we show a morpho-structural study, an examination of the spectral analysis of the noise data, an update of the geological and geotechnical maps, and a classification of the areas on the basis of the distribution of the shear wave velocity in the firsts 30 meters (Vs30). They are just some examples of the potentialities of a relational database.

Compilation of serial maps on karst geology of China and Southeast Asia

The compilation of serial maps of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia is a project under the 'One Belt One Road' geological survey plan granted by China Geological Survey. This paper summarized the research trend of geoscientific mapping in China and Southeast Asia and introduced the significance, contents, technical routes, operating methods and progress of the project. Through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, this project builded an international cooperation platform for mapping and completes the preliminary compilation of related karst geological maps in China and Southeast Asia, thus filling up the blank of karst geological maps in this region.

William Morris Davis: Father of Geomorphology or Father of Geology’s Unrecognized Paradigm Problem

An often unrecognized problem is the geology and glacial history paradigm’s inability to explain topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence, which means geology research studies rarely address that type of topographic map evidence. The problem originated in the late 19th century with William Morris Davis who is sometimes called the father of geomorphology and was one of the first geologists to interpret what in the late 19th century were newly available topographic maps. An 1889 Davis paper describes selected drainage system evidence observed on an advance copy of the 1890 Doylestown (Pennsylvania) topographic map and an 1892 Ward paper written after discussions with Davis describes additional selected drainage system evidence seen on the same map. Both papers fail to mention the majority of the Doylestown map’s drainage system features including most barbed tributaries, asymmetric drainage divides, and through (dry) valleys crossing major drainage divides. Had Davis used all of the map’s drainage system and erosional landform evidence he should have recognized the map evidence shows headward erosion of an east-oriented Neshaminy Creek valley captured southwest-oriented streams which headward erosion of the south-oriented Delaware River valley and its east-oriented tributary Tohickon Creek valley had beheaded. Consciously or unconsciously, Davis chose not to alert future investigators that Doylestown topographic map evidence did not support his yet-to-be-published Pennsylvania and New Jersey erosion history interpretations and instead Davis proceeded to develop and promote erosion history interpretations which the map evidence did not support.