Project⁃based Pollutant Emission Control of Diesel Construction Equipment

This paper examines project⁃based policies and regulations implemented globally to control and mitigate emissions from diesel⁃powered construction equipment.This study systematically reviews and analyzes various managerial,regulatory,and technical measures adopted across countries and regions,mostly of advanced economy.Key strategies of control include setting emission thresholds,idling restrictions,perform remote online monitoring,operational time limits,setting low emission zones,and enforced registration systems.The review highlights the rationale,implementation details,and experiences gained from these localized approaches,reduces localized emission sources,improve urban air quality and environmental management efficiency.

An Intelligent Control Method for the Low-Carbon Operation of Energy-Intensive Equipment

Based on an analysis of the operational control behavior of operation experts on energy-intensive equipment,this paper proposes an intelligent control method for low-carbon operation by combining mechanism analysis with deep learning,linking control and optimization with prediction,and integrating decision-making with control.This method,which consists of setpoint control,self-optimized tuning,and tracking control,ensures that the energy consumption per tonne is as low as possible,while remaining within the target range.An intelligent control system for low-carbon operation is developed by adopting the end-edge-cloud collaboration technology of the Industrial Internet.The system is successfully applied to a fused magnesium furnace and achieves remarkable results in reducing carbon emissions.

Identifying Industrial Control Equipment Based on Rule Matching and Machine Learning

To identify industrial control equipment is often a key step in network mapping,categorizing network resources,and attack defense.For example,if vulnerable equipment or devices can be discovered in advance and the attack path canbe cut off,security threats canbe effectively avoided and the stable operationof the Internet canbe ensured.The existing rule-matching method for equipment identification has limitations such as relying on experience and low scalability.This paper proposes an industrial control device identification method based on PCA-Adaboost,which integrates rule matching and machine learning.We first build a rule base from network data collection and then use single andmulti-protocol rule-matchingmethods to identify the type of industrial control devices.Finally,we utilize PCA-Adaboost to identify unlabeled data.The experimental results show that the recognition rate of this method is better than that of the traditional Nmap device recognitionmethod and the device recognition accuracy rate reaches 99%.The evaluation effect of the test data set is significantly enhanced.

Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well understood.In the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were discussed.The results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM pores.The pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,respectively.The methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,respectively.Compared with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption capacity.The GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas potential.Considering the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation and preservation,the deep-water shelf facies is the most favorable target for the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration and development in the western Hubei area,South China.

A global satellite survey of density plumes at river mouths and at other environments: Plume configurations, external controls, and implications for deep-water sedimentation

The U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) has archived thousands of satellite images of density plumes in its online publishing outlet called 'Earth Observatory' since 1999. Although these images are in the public domain, there has not been any systematic compilation of configurations of density plumes associated with various sedimentary environments and processes. This article, based on 45 case studies covering 21 major rivers(e.g., Amazon, Betsiboka, Congo [Zaire], Copper, Hugli [Ganges], Mackenzie, Mississippi, Niger, Nile, Rhone, Rio de la Plata, Yellow, Yangtze, Zambezi, etc.) and six different depositional environments(i.e., marine, lacustrine, estuarine, lagoon, bay, and reef), is the first attempt in illustrating natural variability of configurations of density plumes in modern environments. There are, at least, 24 configurations of density plumes. An important finding of this study is that density plumes are controlled by a plethora of 18 oceanographic, meteorological, and other external factors. Examples are: 1) Yellow River in China by tidal shear front and by a change in river course; 2) Yangtze River in China by shelf currents and vertical mixing by tides in winter months; 3) Rio de la Plata Estuary in Argentina and Uruguay by Ocean currents; 4) San Francisco Bay in California by tidal currents; 5) Gulf of Manner in the Indian Ocean by monsoonal currents; 6) Egypt in Red Sea by Eolian dust; 7) U.S. Atlantic margin by cyclones; 8) Sri Lanka by tsunamis; 9) Copper River in Alaska by high-gradient braid delta; 10) Lake Erie by seiche; 11) continental margin off Namibia by upwelling; 12) Bering Sea by phytoplankton; 13) the Great Bahama Bank in the Atlantic Ocean by fish activity; 14) Indonesia by volcanic activity; 15) Greenland by glacial melt; 16) South Pacific Ocean by coral reef; 17) Carolina continental Rise by pockmarks; and 18) Otsuchi Bay in Japan by internal bore. The prevailing trend in promoting a single type of river-flood triggered hyperpycnal flow is flawed because there are 16 types of hyperpycnal flows. River-flood derived hyperpycnal flows are muddy in texture and they occur close to the shoreline in inner shelf environments. Hyperpycnal flows are not viable transport mechanisms of sand and gravel across the shelf into the deep sea. The available field observations suggest that they do not form meter-thick sand layers in deep water settings. For the above reasons, river-flood triggered hyperpycnites are considered unsuitable for serving as petroleum reservoirs in deep-water environments until proven otherwise.

Cold Chain Logistics Equipment Management and Control Based on Internet of Things

The status and supporting policies of cold chain logistics equipment man- agement and control in China were described. The connotation of Internet of Things and its impact on cold chain logistics equipment management and control were ana- lyzed from external form to internal nature. Through introducing the value chain and relevant equipments of cold chain logistics, the correlation between the main technologies in Internet of Things and the common indices for cold chain logistics equipment management and control was analyzed in detail. The application values of Internet of Things technologies in cold chain logistics equipment management and control were illustrated, including the sample analysis on the application of radio-frequency identification （RFID）. After the establishment of BSC performance evaluation index system of cold chain logistics equipment management and control, the optimization measures and suggestions on cold chain logistics equipment management and control under Internet of Things were put forward.

Key Technologies and Development Trends in Advanced Intelligent Sawing Equipments

As a starting point in equipment manufacturing,sawing plays an important role in industrial production.Intelligent manufacturing equipment is an important carrier of intelligent manufacturing technologies.Due to the backwardness of intelligent technology,the comprehensive performance of sawing equipments in China is obviously different from that in foreign countries.State of the art of advanced sawing equipments is investigated along with the technical bottleneck of sawing machine tool manufacturing,and a new industrial scheme of replacing turning-milling by sawing is described.The key technologies of processing-measuring integrated control,multi-body dynamic optimization,the collaborative sawing network framework,the distributed cloud sawing platform,and the self-adapting service method are analyzed;with consideration of the problems of poor processing control stableness,low single machine intelligence level,no on-line processing data service and active flutter suppression of sawing with wide-width and heavy-load working conditions.Suggested directions for further research,industry implementation,and industry-research collaboration are provided.

Modeling and Simulation of Equipment Material Inventory Control Based on System Dynamics

The paper discusses how the inventory control of army equipment material runs sytematically under the two-level maintenance system,and establishes the inventory control model based on system dynamics.On the basis of modeling and simulation,the influence of different inventory upper limit on the whole system is studied,and the optimal inventory control mechanism under the model condition is foud.In addition,through the simulation of two replenishment strategies(s,S) and(T,s,S),the advantages and disadvantages and feasibility of each replenishment strategy are analyzed.

The PLC Control System of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment

The principle and working process of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment(VRSDE) are analyzed and the characteristics of IP1612-220PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) areintroduced briefly at first. Then the authors discuss the flow of program, the assignment of PLCI/O ports, the wiring diagram, and the ladder logic program of the PLC control system of VRSDE indetail. Some application issues of the system are accounted for in addition. Finally, according tothe information acquired from users, the authors draw the conclusion: this system owns a highreliability and a-vailability and greatly improves the automatic degree of VRDE.

Dynamic Control System of Automatic Monitoring Equipment for Waste Gas Pollution Source

In order to improve the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources and apply the automatic monitoring data to verify the environmental tax,Shandong Province took the lead in adopting the Internet of Things technology and drawing on the successful experience of air automatic monitoring stations and surface water automatic monitoring stations in management,and developed a dynamic management and control system for automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources to improve and strengthen the quality audit of automatic monitoring data,further improve the quality of automatic monitoring data and better provide a basis for environmental management and decision making.The system realizes the simultaneous monitoring of monitoring data,running state and parameters of the automatic monitoring equipment,eliminates the phenomenon of falsification by modifying equipment parameters,and judges the validity of the collected data by acquiring the working state of the equipment remotely and randomly.After the actual operation test of the Department of Ecological Environment of Shandong Province,the system is proved to have the characteristics of practicality,real time and high efficiency,and be able to make up for low frequency and narrow coverage of manual inspection,with good application prospect in the field of environment and pollution source monitoring.

Study on Driving Force by Coupling Constraints in NC Equipments Grid

The burgeoning grid technology provides a practical possibility to share Numerical Control （NC） equipment under a Web environment via many-w-many mode which is faced with the difficulty of a driving force for grid workflow. This paper proposes the novel methodology of coupling constraints to overcome this difficulty. First, the complex constraints and the structure attributes of NC tasks are detailed in the NC equipment grid that illustrates the possibility of forming a grid workflow force by coupling constraints. Second, the principle of driving force by coupling constraints in an NC equipment grid and the relative algorithm are proposed. Finally, the case study of comparative experiment is detailed to demonstrate the efficiency of this novel tactic.

An Application of a Multivariable Self-Tuning Regulatorto the Control System of a Equipment Spare Parts

A discrete-dine control system model of equipment spare parts is proposed In this model,the stochastic demand, of the spare parts is described by the state equation disturbance. The controlpolicy of the system was deduced by means of the methods of a multivariable self-tuning regulatorand reduced-cud r state observer. An example was given in the end.

PLC技术的造纸机械设备自动控制系统设计与研究

新型造纸公司依托于高科技实现了生产流程的机械化和自动化,造纸行业的生产效率和效益都得到了提升。PLC技术在工业自动化生产中应用广泛,在造纸机械设备的应用有利于提高造纸设备的自动化运转,同时有助于提高产品的质量,节约产品的人力成本和时间成本等。对PLC技术进行了简要介绍,并讨论了其在造纸机械设备的应用的形式以及自动化设计系统的设计等,为造纸行业的进一步发展提供更多的技术支撑。

地下金属矿开采装备短间隔智能调度体系研究

作为矿山生产管理的重要内容,生产调度优化与管控可以充分利用产能、降低开采成本,因此成为现代矿山降本增效的有效手段。通过精细化调度管理和智能决策方法,实现复杂条件下的开采装备高效协同作业,充分提高调度管控效率和矿山生产能力,是现阶段矿山开采装备智能调度需要解决的关键问题。以地下金属矿山开采装备调度过程为研究对象,以提高开采装备的作业效率和生产能力为目的,研究了开采装备智能调度管控模式、决策支持算法和集成化应用。针对现代地下金属矿生产实时化、精准化与智能化管控的新需求,提出了开采装备短间隔智能调度新模式,形成了以“任务分解—任务配置—运输配置—作业指令—响应修正—分析反馈”为特征的短间隔闭环调度方案。设计了包括开采装备任务配置与调度优化算法、面向多级动态配矿的矿石流优化算法、无轨装备集群调度控制优化算法的智能化决策支持算法库,实现由人工经验到智能决策的转变。将开采装备短间隔智能调度体系进行综合示范应用,满足了现代矿山精细化管控和智能化决策需求。研究成果对于地下矿山开采装备作业过程的精细化管控与开采效率提升具有指导意义,同时也为现代地下金属矿山的生产调度管理提供了理论和方法支撑。

含汞油气田汞腐蚀与控制技术现状

介绍了含汞油气田在国内外的分布和汞含量的情况,以及汞在油气田中常见的存在形态与特性,阐述了金属及其合金的4种腐蚀破坏机理,系统调研了国内外汞及其化合物对油气田管道与设备的常见金属及其合金的腐蚀特征与控制技术研究与应用现状,提出今后需要加强含汞油气田腐蚀与污染及其防护的研究与应用的方向或问题。

化工装备与控制授课顺序的优化研究

化工装备与控制是中国石油大学化学工程与工艺专业和能源化学工程专业学生的必修课,其最大特点是知识点多且不成体系、课程内容与其它专业课联系不大。如果按照从“装备”到“控制”的顺序授课,则其难度由难到易陡降,使学生在学习过程中前期吃力、后期懈怠。为此,优化授课顺序,将从“装备”到“控制”改为从“控制”到“装备”,结合工程案例强化各章节内容之间的联系,则授课内容的难度顺序和逻辑联系更为合理,不仅有助于强化学生对本门课程的学习,还可使学生更好地掌握更多的相关工程知识。另外,所提出的逻辑顺序的优化对于分别开设“化工装备”和“化工仪表”的院校在课程安排上也有借鉴意义。

我国农业面源污染研究与展望

农业面源污染会带来一定的生态环境风险。经过20多年的治理,我国面源污染基础研究和防控工作取得重要进展,构建了流域、区域或国家尺度农业面源污染源汇路径全过程监测与评估体系,基本厘清了不同生态条件下农田系统中氮磷流失的主控因子,初步探明了农田有毒有害化学/生物污染与防控机制。在防控技术层面,研发出新型、绿色肥料替代常规化肥减量投入技术与产品,氮、磷高效利用污染负荷减排技术,土壤氮、磷增容负荷减排技术,坡耕地氮磷流失阻控技术,农业废弃物资源化利用技术与消纳装备。我国农业氮、磷排放污染负荷虽整体呈下降趋势,但依然是影响我国环境质量的首要污染因子,且农业面源污染呈现新的特征,表现为养殖业尤其是水产养殖业污染问题逐渐突出,残留地膜、农药、抗生素、激素、病原微生物等新型污染物污染问题不容忽视,面源污染途径从以径流扩散为主转向淋溶、挥发、累积并重的阶段,污染介质从单一地表水体转向包括地下水体、大气以及农田生态系统并存的状态。未来应以本领域我国取得科研成果和相关信息资源为基础,利用数字技术和AI技术,构建我国农业面源污染防控技术和管理融合大数据模型和系统理论,持续加强田块、流域、区域等多尺度面源污染防控技术集成配套与工程化应用研究,培育绿色低碳农业新质生产力产业,落实防控技术工程“政—产—学—研—用”保障机制与措施,以提升区域或流域尺度面源污染防控技术的环境、经济和社会综合效益,全面推进我国农业面源污染治理工作,促进农业高质量健康发展。

成本控制背景下医院医疗设备的维修保养措施研究

随着我国卫生事业的不断发展,医疗服务水平的不断提升,医疗设备的维护工作受到越来越多的关注。医疗设备的成本控制非常重要,直接影响着医院的医疗水平,也影响着患者的治疗效果,对于提高医院的运营水平具有至关重要的作用。基于此,本研究对成本控制背景下的医疗设备维护保养进行较为详尽的探讨。

多学科交叉融合课程的建设——以过程装备控制技术课程为例

加强多学科交叉融合课程的建设,是高校培养高质量复合型创新人才的重要保障。过程装备控制技术课程内容涵盖了机械工程、控制科学与工程、化学工程、信息与通信工程等学科知识,属于典型的多学科交叉融合课程。针对该类课程知识点多而分散、内容广而抽象、理论难以联系工程实际等教学共性问题,考虑过程装备与控制工程专业特色,探索积极有效的多学科交叉融合课程的教学和实践方案,包括提炼课程教学目标、精选教学内容、探讨“任务引领式”主题教学模式、设置多学科知识交叉融合的综合作业和实验、打造多元化全过程考核方式等。实施结果表明,上述方案可为深化多学科交叉融合课程建设、引入研究性教学模式、培养学生创新思维和实践能力等方面提供有益参考。

基于可信计算的保护控制设备主动防护技术研究与实现

变电站保护控制设备在边界安全防护体系下得以安全稳定运行,但随着信息化、网络化技术不断应用,变电站网络安全要求也在发生变化,过度依赖边界防护的保护控制设备缺乏本体主动防护能力的问题逐渐突显。文章比较分析了不同主动防护技术后,选择了基于可信计算的主动防护技术进行研究,结合保护控制设备的高实时、高可靠等特点,给出了适合保护控制设备的可信计算双体系架构和具体硬软件实现方案。最后,保护监控设备主动防护效果通过了第三方检测机构的验证,且防护功能的增加并未对设备的功能和性能产生明显的影响,该方案具备工程化应用和推广价值。