The defect detection of wafers is an important part of semiconductor manufacturing.The wafer defect map formed from the defects can be used to trace back the problems in the production process and make improvements in...The defect detection of wafers is an important part of semiconductor manufacturing.The wafer defect map formed from the defects can be used to trace back the problems in the production process and make improvements in the yield of wafer manufacturing.Therefore,for the pattern recognition of wafer defects,this paper uses an improved ResNet convolutional neural network for automatic pattern recognition of seven common wafer defects.On the basis of the original ResNet,the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)attention mechanism is embedded into the network,through which the feature extraction ability of the network can be improved,key features can be found,and useless features can be suppressed.In addition,the residual structure is improved,and the depth separable convolution is added to replace the traditional convolution to reduce the computational and parametric quantities of the network.In addition,the network structure is improved and the activation function is changed.Comprehensive experiments show that the precision of the improved ResNet in this paper reaches 98.5%,while the number of parameters is greatly reduced compared with the original model,and has well results compared with the common convolutional neural network.Comprehensively,the method in this paper can be very good for pattern recognition of common wafer defect types,and has certain application value.展开更多
Objectives: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is often considered the workhorse in soft tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects secondary to trauma, infection, or tumor resection. Despite its many advantages, ...Objectives: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is often considered the workhorse in soft tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects secondary to trauma, infection, or tumor resection. Despite its many advantages, ALT flaps have been criticized due to variability in vasculature, which may result in inadequate or non-existent perforators. This retrospective study aims to investigate the utility and validity of positron emission tomography (PET) scan to identify the location and characteristics of perforators to the ALT flap. Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective review of ALT flaps at our institution to identify patients with preoperative PET scans available for analysis. Three reviewers (attending physician, fellow, and resident) were asked to identify the number, location, and characteristics (myocutaneous versus septocutaneous) of ALT perforators on imaging, and reviewer agreement was assessed. Results were then compared to available operative data. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients were identified who underwent ALT free flap surgery. Thirty-eight preoperative PET scans were identified for review. At least one perforator was identified in 92.1% of scans. Agreement percentages regarding the number of perforators ranged from 53% - 61% whereas agreement regarding the location of a single perforator ranged from 79% - 90%. However, reviewers did not agree regarding the type of perforator, with agreement ranging from 34% - 53%. Poor agreement was observed when compared to intraoperative data, with the number of perforators ranging from 26% - 34% and the type of perforator 11% - 24%. These findings are likely due to insufficient data available in operative reports. Conclusion: Although initial studies suggest that PET scan shows promising evidence to support the capacity to preoperatively identify ALT perforators, future prospective studies are warranted to fully validate these findings.展开更多
The idea of genetic engineering is introduced into the area of product design to improve the design efficiency. A method towards design process optimization based on the design process gene is proposed through analyzi...The idea of genetic engineering is introduced into the area of product design to improve the design efficiency. A method towards design process optimization based on the design process gene is proposed through analyzing the correlation between the design process gene and characteristics of the design process. The concept of the design process gene is analyzed and categorized into five categories that are the task specification gene, the concept design gene, the overall design gene, the detailed design gene and the processing design gene in the light of five design phases. The elements and their interactions involved in each kind of design process gene signprocess gene mapping is drawn with its structure disclosed based on its function that process gene.展开更多
Abstract Objective To develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world. Methods The region of interest in this stud...Abstract Objective To develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world. Methods The region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects （NTDs）. A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization （PSO/ACO） algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes. Results The algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%＋7.02% at the 95% confidence level. Conclusion The proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.展开更多
基金supported by the 2021 Annual Scientific Research Funding Project of Liaoning Pro-vincial Department of Education(Nos.LJKZ0535,LJKZ0526)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-300)。
文摘The defect detection of wafers is an important part of semiconductor manufacturing.The wafer defect map formed from the defects can be used to trace back the problems in the production process and make improvements in the yield of wafer manufacturing.Therefore,for the pattern recognition of wafer defects,this paper uses an improved ResNet convolutional neural network for automatic pattern recognition of seven common wafer defects.On the basis of the original ResNet,the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)attention mechanism is embedded into the network,through which the feature extraction ability of the network can be improved,key features can be found,and useless features can be suppressed.In addition,the residual structure is improved,and the depth separable convolution is added to replace the traditional convolution to reduce the computational and parametric quantities of the network.In addition,the network structure is improved and the activation function is changed.Comprehensive experiments show that the precision of the improved ResNet in this paper reaches 98.5%,while the number of parameters is greatly reduced compared with the original model,and has well results compared with the common convolutional neural network.Comprehensively,the method in this paper can be very good for pattern recognition of common wafer defect types,and has certain application value.
文摘Objectives: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is often considered the workhorse in soft tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects secondary to trauma, infection, or tumor resection. Despite its many advantages, ALT flaps have been criticized due to variability in vasculature, which may result in inadequate or non-existent perforators. This retrospective study aims to investigate the utility and validity of positron emission tomography (PET) scan to identify the location and characteristics of perforators to the ALT flap. Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective review of ALT flaps at our institution to identify patients with preoperative PET scans available for analysis. Three reviewers (attending physician, fellow, and resident) were asked to identify the number, location, and characteristics (myocutaneous versus septocutaneous) of ALT perforators on imaging, and reviewer agreement was assessed. Results were then compared to available operative data. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients were identified who underwent ALT free flap surgery. Thirty-eight preoperative PET scans were identified for review. At least one perforator was identified in 92.1% of scans. Agreement percentages regarding the number of perforators ranged from 53% - 61% whereas agreement regarding the location of a single perforator ranged from 79% - 90%. However, reviewers did not agree regarding the type of perforator, with agreement ranging from 34% - 53%. Poor agreement was observed when compared to intraoperative data, with the number of perforators ranging from 26% - 34% and the type of perforator 11% - 24%. These findings are likely due to insufficient data available in operative reports. Conclusion: Although initial studies suggest that PET scan shows promising evidence to support the capacity to preoperatively identify ALT perforators, future prospective studies are warranted to fully validate these findings.
文摘The idea of genetic engineering is introduced into the area of product design to improve the design efficiency. A method towards design process optimization based on the design process gene is proposed through analyzing the correlation between the design process gene and characteristics of the design process. The concept of the design process gene is analyzed and categorized into five categories that are the task specification gene, the concept design gene, the overall design gene, the detailed design gene and the processing design gene in the light of five design phases. The elements and their interactions involved in each kind of design process gene signprocess gene mapping is drawn with its structure disclosed based on its function that process gene.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101431)the fourth installment special funding of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.201104003)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20100470004)the State Key Funds of Social Science Project(Research on Disability Prevention Measurement in China,No.09&ZD072)
文摘Abstract Objective To develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world. Methods The region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects （NTDs）. A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization （PSO/ACO） algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes. Results The algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%＋7.02% at the 95% confidence level. Conclusion The proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.
