Real-time-guided bone regeneration around standardized critical size calvarial defects using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and collagen membrane with and without using tricalcium phosphate: an in vivo microcomputed tomographic and histologic e

The aim of the present real time in vivo micro-computed tomography （pCT） and histologic experiment was to assess the efficacy of guided bone regeneration （GBR） around standardized calvarial critical size defects （CSD） using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）, and collagen membrane （CM） with and without tricalcium phosphate （TCP） graft material. In the calvaria of nine female Sprague-Dawley rats, full-thickness CSD （diameter 4.6 mm） were created under general anesthesia. Treatment-wise, rats were divided into three groups. In group 1, CSD was covered with a resorbable CM; in group 2, BMSCs were filled in CSD and covered with CM; and in group 3, TCP soaked in BMSCs was placed in CSD and covered with CM. All defects were closed using resorbable sutures. Bone volume and bone mineral density of newly formed bone （NFB） and remaining TCP particles and rate of new bone formation was determined at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks using in vivo pCT. At the lOth week, the rats were killed and calvarial segments were assessed histologically. The results showed that the hardness of NFB was similar to that of the native bone in groups I and 2 as compared to the NFB in group 3. Likewise, values for the modulus of elasticity were also significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. This suggests that TCP when used in combination with BMSCs and without CM was unable to form bone of significant strength that could possibly provide mechanical ＂lock＂ between the natural bone and NFB. The use of BMSCs as adjuncts to conventional GBR initiated new bone formation as early as 2 weeks of treatment compared to when GBR is attempted without adiunct BMSC therapy.

Porous titanium granules in critical size defects of rabbit tibia with or without membranes

Recently, porous titanium granules （PTGs） have been indicated for the preservation of the dimensions of post-extraction sockets, as a filler in sinus lift procedures and for the treatment of peri-implant and periodontal defects, based on the osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of the titanium granules. However, there is a lack of information regarding the use of this material in larger defects and in conjunction with membranes. The objective of this study is to test the behavior of PTGs used to fill critical size defects in rabbit tibiae, with and without membranes. Critical defects were created in both tibiae of rabbits, divided randomly into three groups： Group A （defect filled with PTG）, Group B （defect filled with PTG＋collagen membrane） and a control group （empty defect）. After six weeks, histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed more defect closures at the cortical area （87.37%±2.2%） and more bone formation at the marrow area （57.6%± 1.3%） in Group B, in comparison with the other groups （P〈0.05）; the use of membranes improved the material stability expressed as more percentages of the original material when membranes were used （P〈0.05）. Finally, inflammatory reactions were observed when the granules were not protected by membranes. In spite of the limitations of this animal study, it may be concluded that PTG particles are osteoconductive and allow bone growth. The PTG particles must be covered by a membrane, especially when grafting larger defects, in order to control particle migration, promote clot stabilization and separate the PTG graft from undesired soft tissue cells.

Bauschinger and size effects in thin-film plasticity due to defect-energy of geometrical necessary dislocations

The Bauschinger and size effects in the thinfilm plasticity theory arising from the defect-energy of geometrically necessary dislocations （GNDs） are analytically investigated in this paper. Firstly, this defect-energy is deduced based on the elastic interactions of coupling dislocations （or pile-ups） moving on the closed neighboring slip plane. This energy is a quadratic function of the GNDs density, and includes an elastic interaction coefficient and an energetic length scale L. By incorporating it into the work- conjugate strain gradient plasticity theory of Gurtin, an energetic stress associated with this defect energy is obtained, which just plays the role of back stress in the kinematic hardening model. Then this back-stress hardening model is used to investigate the Bauschinger and size effects in the tension problem of single crystal Al films with passivation layers. The tension stress in the film shows a reverse dependence on the film thickness h. By comparing it with discrete-dislocation simulation results, the length scale L is determined, which is just several slip plane spacing, and accords well with our physical interpretation for the defect- energy. The Bauschinger effect after unloading is analyzed by combining this back-stress hardening model with a friction model. The effects of film thickness and pre-strain on the reversed plastic strain after unloading are quantified and qualitatively compared with experiment results.

Early therapeutic effect of platelet-rich fibrin combined with allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells on rats’ critical-sized mandibular defects

BACKGROUND Critically sized bone defects represent a significant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons worldwide.These defects generally result from severe trauma or resection of a whole large tumour.Autologous bone grafts are the current gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects.However,due to increased patient morbidity and the need for a second operative site,other lines of treatment should be introduced.To find alternative unconventional therapies to manage such defects,bone tissue engineering using a combination of suitable bioactive factors,cells,and biocompatible scaffolds offers a promising new approach for bone regeneration.AIM To evaluate the healing capacity of platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)membranes seeded with allogeneic mesenchymal bone marrow-derived stem cells(BMSCs)on critically sized mandibular defects in a rat model.METHODS Sixty-three Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral bone defects of critical size in the mandibles created by a 5-mm diameter trephine bur.Rats were allocated to three equal groups of 21 rats each.Group I bone defects were irrigated with normal saline and designed as negative controls.Defects of group II were grafted with PRF membranes and served as positive controls,while defects of group III were grafted with PRF membranes seeded with allogeneic BMSCs.Seven rats from each group were killed at 1,2 and 4 wk.The mandibles were dissected and prepared for routine haematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,Masson's trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS Four weeks postoperatively,the percentage area of newly formed bone was significantly higher in group III(0.88±0.02)than in groups I(0.02±0.00)and II(0.60±0.02).The amount of granulation tissue formation was lower in group III(0.12±0.02)than in groups I(0.20±0.02)and II(0.40±0.02).The number of inflammatory cells was lower in group III(0.29±0.03)than in groups I(4.82±0.08)and II(3.09±0.07).CONCLUSION Bone regenerative quality of critically sized mandibular bone defects in rats was better promoted by PRF membranes seeded with BMSCs than with PRF membranes alone.

Effects of Imperfect Quality and Defective Items on Economic Production Lot Size

The classical EPQ model has been used for a long ti me and is widely accepted and implemented. Nevertheless, the analysis for finding an economic lot size has based on a number of unrealistic assumptions. A common unrealistic assumption in using EPQ is that all units produced are of good quali ty. The classical EPQ model shows that the optimal lot size will generate minimum ma nufacturing cost, thus producing minimum setup cost and inventory cost. However, this is only true if all products manufactured in the process are assumed to be of good quality (i.e. all products are within the specification limits). In rea lity this is not the case, therefore, it is necessary to consider the cost of im perfect quality items, because this cost can influence the economic lot size. Ma ny studies and recent papers have indicated that there is a significant relation ship between economic production lot size and process/product quality. However, their models included either the imperfect quality items (not necessarily de fective) which are to be sold at a discounted price or defective items which can be reworked or rejected. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework to integrate three different sit uations (discounted pricing/rework/reject) into a single model. 100% inspection is performed in order to distinguish the amount of good quality items, imper fect quality items and defective items in each lot. In this paper, a mathematica l model is developed, and a numerical example is presented to illustrate the sol ution procedures. It is found that the economic production lot size tends to inc rease as the average percentage of imperfect quality items and defectives (rejec ted items) increases.

Successive defects asymmetric simple exclusion processes with particles of arbitrary size

This paper uses various mean-field approaches and the Monte Carlo simulation to calculate asymmetric simple exclusion processes with particles of arbitrary size in the successive defects system. In this system, the hopping probability p （p 〈 1） and the size d of particles are not constant, Through theoretical calculation and computer simulation, it obtains the exact theoretical results and finds that the theoretical results are in agreement with the computer simulation. These results are helpful in analysing the effect of traffic with different hopping probabilities p and sizes d of particle.

不同成形方式对WE43镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化成形(SLM)、铸造及挤压方式制备了WE43镁合金试样,通过维氏硬度计、密度测试计、光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及拉伸试验机等设备分析了不同制备方式下WE43镁合金的宏微观组织和力学性能变化规律;设计了基于指数函数的模型对不同成形方式的WE43应力–应变曲线进行统一拟合,为WE43材料未来增材、减材以及等材工艺复合制造复杂零件打下基础。结果表明,SLM成形WE43有明显的各向异性,铸态和挤压态不明显。SLM成形WE43镁合金的强度最高,抗拉强度达到313 MPa,是铸态的183%;挤压态WE43镁合金塑性最好,伸长率达到10.2%,是铸态的232%;此外,SLM态镁合金密度只有1.731 g/cm^(3),仅为挤压态的85.7%和铸态的95.2%。在断裂特性上,SLM态和挤压态为韧性断裂,而铸造态为脆性断裂。在内部存在20μm左右孔洞形缺陷的情况下,SLM成形镁合金依然具有最高的强度,主要原因是SLM成形WE43镁合金平均晶粒尺寸仅为2.6μm,基体内存在大量的稀土相沉淀以及纳米级亚稳相。由此可知,通过进一步的后处理方法焊合SLM态镁合金内部孔洞形缺陷后,材料力学性能可以大幅提高。

高压电缆附件铅封缺陷超声检测定量方法

采用相控阵超声技术可以检测高压电缆终端铅封缺陷,为了解决常规的超声定量方法无法有效的检测和定量铅封缺陷的问题,提出了基于超声扇扫图像的高压电缆铅封缺陷定量检测方法,该方法以铅封缺陷纵波扇扫图像为对象并结合了阈值分割和腐蚀算法,能够实时的获取缺陷横截面积、缺陷高度等其他相关信息。首先,搭建了高压电缆终端铅封缺陷超声检测试验平台,对以孔洞、夹渣为代表的不同直径的铅封缺陷进行检测,其次,对采集的铅封超声扇扫图像进行阈值分割和腐蚀算法处理,进行缺陷定量分析,并与传统的-6 dB定量结果进行对比,最后讨论了不同直径缺陷对超声定量结果的影响。研究结果表明,相较于传统的-6 dB法,此方法测量的距离误差缩小了5%,缺陷尺寸精度提高了10%,正确率达到了85%以上,但当铅封缺陷直径增大时,缺陷测量误差也随之升高。该方法验证了采用相控阵超声技术可以高效、直观的检测和定量高压电缆铅封缺陷,为高压电缆铅封缺陷的工程应用提供了重要参考价值,有助于提高高压电缆终端铅封工艺质量,确保电网的运行安全。

Healing Mechanism and Osteogenic Capacity of Bovine Bone Mineral—Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Celland Autogenous Bone Graft in Critical Size Mandibular Defect

Experiments on maxillofacial bone tissue engineering showed the promising result;however, its healing mechanisms and effectiveness had not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to compare the bone healing mechanism and osteogenic capacity between bovine bone mineral loaded with hAMSC and autogenous bone graft in the reconstruction of critical size mandibular bone defect. Critical size defects were made at the mandible of 45 New Zealand white rabbits reconstructed with BBM-hAMSC, BBM alone, and ABG, respectively. At the end of first, second, and twelfth weeks, five rabbits from each experimental week were sacrificed for histology and immunohistochemistry staining. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone mor-phogenic proteins-2 (BMP2), Runx2 and the amount of angiogenesis were analyzed in the first and second week groups, while expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin, collagen type-I fibres, trabecular area and bone incorporation were analyzed in the twelfth week groups. The result showed that expressions of VEGF, BMP2 and Runx2 as well as the amount of angiogenesis were higher in ABG compared with BBM-hAMSC group in the first and second weeks of healing. The result of twelfth week of healing showed that expressions of Runx2 and osteocalcin as well as the thickness of collagen type-I fibres were significantly higher in BBM-hAMSC compared to ABG group, while there was no statistically difference in trabecular area and bone incorporation between BBM-hAMSC and ABG group. This study concluded that early healing activities were higher in auto-genous bone graft than in BBM-hAMSC, while osteogenic activities in the late stage of healing were higher in BBM-hAMSC compared to autogenous bone graft. It was also concluded that the osteo-genic capacity of BBM-hAMSC was comparable to autogenous bone graft in the reconstruction of critical size defect in the mandible.

基于分子动力学的氮化镓/石墨烯/金刚石界面热导研究

为解决氮化镓芯片散热问题,采用非平衡分子动力学法,研究工作温度、界面尺寸、缺陷率及缺陷类型对氮化镓/石墨烯/金刚石异质界面热导的影响,通过计算声子态密度和声子参与率,分析界面热传导机理.研究发现,在100—500 K范围内,温度升高使界面热导增大2.1倍,重叠因子随温度增加而增加,界面间声子耦合程度增强,界面热导相应增大.当氮化镓层数从10层增加到26层时,界面热导降低75%,分析认为是界面声子耦合程度下降导致.另外,添加5层石墨烯会导致界面热导降低74%,分析认为是声子局域化程度加重造成;当缺陷率从0增大到10%时,金刚石碳原子缺陷使界面热导提高40%,缺陷散射增加低频声子数量,改善界面热传导;但镓、氮和石墨烯碳原子缺陷会加重声子局域化程度,均导致界面热导降低.研究结果有助于提升氮化镓芯片散热性能,同时对高可靠性氮化镓器件设计具有指导意义。

高纯度横波蝶形线圈电磁超声换能器优化设计

蝶形线圈电磁超声换能器(EMAT)能够在铝块中同时激发出超声横波和纵波,接收信号中存在横波反射回波和纵波反射回波,纵波回波会影响缺陷检测的准确性。该文设计了一种变尺寸蝶形线圈EMAT,通过改变线圈不同位置导线的宽度与间距,改变不同位置的换能效率,以实现横波的增强和纵波的抑制。首先,考虑永磁体的空间磁场分布,分析蝶形线圈EMAT不同位置导线所受洛伦兹力与激发超声波类型的关系,结合有限元声场云图,得到EMAT接收信号中存在多个回波的原因;其次,研究线圈参数对换能效率和横波纵波幅值比的影响规律,利用有限元仿真确定变尺寸EMAT的设计参数;最后,制备常规与变尺寸蝶形线圈EMAT,采集无缺陷铝合金试块的回波,结果表明,当永磁体直径与线圈中心宽度比为1.92时,纵波幅值削弱了66.1%,横波幅值增大了36.3%,横纵波幅值比从5.8升至23.1。该文设计的变尺寸蝶形线圈EMAT实现了对纵波的削弱和横波的增强,提升了横波电磁超声内部缺陷检测的可靠性。

股骨骨缺损动物模型制备现状及特点

背景:骨缺损的修复及后期临床转归仍是临床研究中的热点和难点,是困扰临床医师的常见问题。构建合适、可重复性及无限接近临床的动物实验模型及科学的评估对进一步的临床治疗相关疾病至关重要。目的:回顾性分析文献中股骨骨缺损常用实验动物模型制备方法及不同模型特点,评估优势与不足,为相关研究者选择合适的股骨骨缺损动物模型提供一定的参考。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Medline数据库及CNKI数据库,设定英文检索词为:bone defect,bone,bones,defect,defects,defective,animal model,animal,model,laboratory,laboratory animal,animal laboratory;中文检索词为:骨缺损,动物模型,实验。检索时限为2000-01-01/2022-08-01。结果与结论:①对入选的27篇随机对照动物实验进行了分析和评估,实验动物包含大鼠、小鼠、新西兰兔及羊,骨缺损类型主要包含圆柱形骨缺损和节段性截骨骨缺损,部位以股骨中段及远端居多。多用于评估骨修复材料、药物、载药活性物质及物理治疗等方法对骨缺损修复的影响及缺损愈合机制研究,尤其是负重骨缺损修复机制的研究。②不同缺损类型及不同实验动物股骨骨缺损值的范围不同,研究者可结合实验目的,选择合适的动物及骨缺损类型,并设置合理的骨缺损值。③目前的研究表明,股骨骨缺损模型以圆柱形及节段截骨骨缺损为主,主要是在股骨远端及中段,手术方法及术后处理较为成熟,可操作性强,能够提供成熟的实验动物模型。④就圆柱形骨缺损而言,大鼠及新西兰兔更适合,而节段性截骨则无特殊要求,各种动物均能满足实验要求。

膜诱导技术结合Ca(OH)_(2)-PMMA治疗节段性骨缺损的研究进展

节段性骨缺损是一种负担较大、治疗具有挑战性的疾病,其病因包括创伤、感染、肿瘤等。目前骨缺损的重建方法主要有血管化骨移植、骨搬运以及膜诱导技术(Masquelet技术)等。而血管化自体骨移植虽然被认为是重建大尺寸骨缺损的金标准,但其具有专业性要求高、治疗周期长、过程复杂等局限性,而膜诱导技术因简单、高效及可靠等特性被广泛应用于骨缺损的治疗。膜诱导技术通过两次手术获取具有生物效应的诱导膜,促进缺损部位新骨的生长和愈合,是目前国内外公认的治疗节段性骨缺损的有效方法。本文将概述骨缺损的现状,介绍临界尺寸骨缺损的概念,探讨及思考在膜诱导技术中结合聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯氢氧化钙混合物[Ca(OH)_(2)-PMMA]新型材料应用于节段性骨缺损治疗的临床意义。

红外无损检测缺陷尺寸测量方法研究

红外无损检测技术可有效检测金属、非金属、复合材料的内部缺陷,缺陷尺寸是评估缺陷影响的关键参数,本文以半宽高测量算法来实现对缺陷尺寸的半自动测量,首先手动绘制过缺陷中心的直线构成空间像素曲线,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波算法滤波,并自动寻找空间像素曲线半宽高位置,从而实现对缺陷尺寸的测量。通过对塑料试件、碳钢试件、碳纤维复合材料试件研究发现,不同时刻红外图像测量出的缺陷尺寸具有不同的误差,采用清晰时刻红外图像,测量误差在10%内,采用模糊时刻红外图像,测量误差在20%左右,相对于传统手动测量缺陷尺寸,本文方法将有效提高缺陷尺寸测量的精度。

大型轴承套圈超声相控阵曲面自适应聚焦与多通道自动化检测方法

大型轴承套圈作为风电、轨道交通、工程机械领域装备的关键部件,其制造过程中产生的裂纹、夹渣、孔洞等缺陷会严重影响装备整机的服役性能与质量安全。针对大型轴承套圈尺寸大和结构复杂等特点,研究了液固耦合曲面结构中阵列声场分布规律和超声相控阵曲面自适应聚焦法则,给出了大型轴承套圈超声相控阵分区检测方法,开发了大型轴承套圈超声相控阵自动化检测系统,对直径2958 mm的某型风电轴承套圈进行自动化检测应用验证,可有效检出套圈曲面试块的横通孔缺陷和套圈的平底孔缺陷。

金属材料超声疲劳试验数据的一致性分析

超声疲劳试验技术已被广泛用于金属材料的超高周疲劳性能测试。超声频率条件下开展试样的超高周循环加载时,需要采用间歇加载控制试样发热,这会影响到试验结果一致性。同时,当循环周次由高周跨越至超高周后,疲劳试验结果对试样形状、尺寸、表面质量和内部缺陷更为敏感。基于大量的试验结果对这些影响因素进行了一致性分析。结果表明,加载间歇比和试样形状、尺寸对试验结果均有影响;试样表面质量与内部缺陷存在竞争效应;通过疲劳S-N曲线可以有效预测内部缺陷对超高周疲劳的影响。

双通道青梅品质分选装置设计

青梅具有较高的营养价值和医药价值。受自然生长环境及采摘后贮存、运输中产生的挤压磕碰等因素影响,青梅表面会产生各种影响品质及价值的缺陷。目前,我国青梅的缺陷检测主要依靠人工分拣,成本高、效率低、准确率低。因此以青梅为研究对象,引入机器视觉技术与深度学习算法,开发一套青梅分级系统,实现青梅的品质检测与自动分级。在确定青梅的表面缺陷种类、产品分级指标和标准后,基于机器视觉测量青梅的大小,结合深度学习,建立基于Vision Transformer的青梅多缺陷检测模型用于品质分选系统,设计了青梅表面图像的检测装置,实现青梅的在线无损检测与分级。

基于工程临界分析法的相控阵超声检测焊缝缺陷定量研究

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