琯溪蜜柚幼苗几种缺素症的诱导与研究

琯溪蜜柚是我国一个优良的柚类品种,营养诊断是生产中的一个难题.以琯溪蜜柚实生幼苗为材料,在室内溶液培养条件下,诱导琯溪蜜柚幼苗缺乏N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe的7种缺素症,研究琯溪蜜柚幼苗上述7种缺素症的形态表现特征及各缺素处理对琯溪蜜柚幼苗生长、生物量、功能叶的叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明:各缺素处理都诱导琯溪蜜柚幼苗出现各自特有的专一缺素症状;不同缺素处理诱导琯溪蜜柚幼苗出现不同缺素症的时间和程度有差别,7种缺素症以缺Ca症表现最早,以缺Ca、Fe的症状最为明显,其它五种缺素症状次之、但都可明显觉察;不同缺素处理都影响琯溪蜜柚幼苗生物量,缺素处理的干物质积累量均低于完全培养,缺N、Ca、Mg、Fe处理对干物质积累与对照相比有明显差异,分别为对照的46%、30%、49%、43%;除缺P处理外,其它缺素处理的功能叶的叶绿素含量均明显低于完全营养液培养的植株,其中尤以缺Ca、Mg、Fe为显著,分别为对照的47%、44%、17%.据上述不同必需矿质元素缺素症的表现特征和规律,制作了琯溪蜜柚幼苗上述缺素症的检索表,以供琯溪蜜柚生产中营养诊断与合理施肥借鉴.

Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom patterns in patients with colorectal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To observe the symptom patterns(or syndromes) according to Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) theory in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and to observe the dynamic evolution process of these TCM patterns.METHODS: A prospective and cross-sectional questionnaire-based investigation was performed. Clinical data on TCM symptom patterns in patients with colorectal cancer in the perioperative period(210 cases) and adjuvant treatment period(160 cases)were collected. EPIData 3.1 together with frequency statistics and cluster analyses were performed to identify the TCM patterns based on symptom characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer, and to assess the dynamic changes in these patterns.RESULTS: In the perioperative period, from the first day of perioperative care to postoperative days 3,7, and 10, the TCM pattern showed a process of dynamic change from blood deficiency to deficiency of both Qi and Yin and the pattern of dampness and hot accumulative knotting. In the adjuvant treatment period, the TCM pattern changed from Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency inner-heat with dampness to a deficiency pattern, primarily including Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, deficiency of Qi and blood, and spleen deficiency.CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that variations in the dynamic evolution of TCM symptom patterns exist in patients with colorectal cancer during different treatment periods. This information is of great value in the individualized management of colorectal cancer.

当归与激素对小鼠哮喘的影响

目的研究当归与激素对小鼠哮喘及阴虚症状的影响。方法按体重将哮喘小鼠模型随机分为4组:哮喘模型组、氢化可的松组、当归组与合用组;正常小鼠作为空白对照组,每组10只。用卵蛋白复制哮喘模型。氢化可的松组小鼠灌胃50 mg·kg^(-1)氢化可的松,当归组灌胃8 g·kg^(-1)当归,合用组是两药合用。以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素^(-1)β(IL^(-1)β)与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量;用免疫组化法与聚合酶链式反应法测定肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)与核因子-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65)表达水平。结果合用组与氢化可的松组比较,小鼠的自主活动明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。空白对照组、哮喘模型组、氢化可的松组、当归组及合用组小鼠肺组织NF-κB p65表达的光密度值分别是0.19±0.01,0.32±0.02,0.26±0.01,0.28±0.02,0.24±0.01;这5组的TLR4表达的光密度值分别是0.18±0.01,0.36±0.02,0.27±0.02,0.34±0.02,0.24±0.01;当归组、氢化可的松组及其合用组与哮喘模型组比较,TLR4、NF-κB p65表达的平均光密度值均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。当归组、氢化可的松组及合用组均可明显降低TNF-α、IL^(-1)β、IL-6和TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65mRNA水平,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);合用组和当归组与氢化可的松组相比,上述指标降幅更大。结论当归与激素及其合用具有明显的平喘作用,抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路是其平喘机制之一;合用当归可缓解激素在治疗哮喘时引起的阴虚症状。