Surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis with Instrumentation at the Yaounde Central Hospital: Comparison of Unilateral versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation Combined with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed comparing the clinical effectiveness of unilateral versus bilateral fixation in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Objective: Evaluate the impact on quality of life and clinical efficacy of unilateral spondylodesis compared to bilateral spondylodesis in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis at the Yaounde Central Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study for a period of 4 years, from June 2015 to June 2019. It involved all patients operated for lumbar canal stenosis and who underwent spondylodesis or spinal fusion at the neurosurgery department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: A total of 68 participants were recruited during our study period. 32 (47%) of the study population were in the 50 - 60 age group, with a mean age of 56.98 years ranging from 41 to 75 years. Females, housewives and farmers were the most affected. In our study, 72% of patients had unilateral spondylodesis and 28% had bilateral fusion. Preoperatively, 71% of patients had insurmountable pain, refractory to medical treatment. At 3 months postoperatively, 73.7% of patients with bilateral setup had moderate pain compared to 69% of those with unilateral setup. At 6 months postoperatively, 79% of patients with bilateral fusion had mild pain compared to 82% of patients with unilateral setup. At 1 year postoperatively, all patients had mild pain. Preoperatively, 66.2% of patients were unable to walk and 19.1% of patients were bedridden according to the Oswestry score. At 3 months postoperatively, 10.2% of patients with unilateral setup were unable to walk compared to 10.5% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 67.3% of patients with unilateral fixation had moderate disability compared to 52.6% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 6 months postoperatively, 51% of patients with unilateral setup had moderate disability compared to 47.4% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 42.9% of patients with unilateral fixation had mild disability compared to 42.1% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 1 year postoperatively, 81.6% of patients who underwent unilateral fixation had only mild disability compared to 73.7% of patients with bilateral fixation. Conclusion: The assessment of quality of life according to the set-up used shows similar results at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year, with no statistically significant differences. Single-sided pedicle screw fixation combined with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or mounting has the advantage of being faster, with less bleeding and is less expensive compared to bilateral fixation.

Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital lumbar spinal stenosis

AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis(CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects with CLSS and 48 control subjects were retrospectively evaluated. In each examination, the five lumbar levels were assessed for the presence or absence of circumferential or shallow annular bulges, annular tears, anterior or posterior disc herniations, epidural lipomatosis, Schmorl's nodes,spondylolisthesis, pars defects, and stress reactions of the posterior vertebral elements. RESULTS: Compared to control individuals, subjects with CLSS exhibited increased incidence of circumferential and shallow annular bulges, annular tears, discherniations and spondylolisthesis(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CLSS is associated with increased incidence of degenerative changes in specific osseous and soft-tissue elements of the lumbar spine.

LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS: A REVIEW OF BIOMECHANICAL STUDIES

Objective. To investigate the biomechanical aspects of etiology,pathology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and surgical treatment of the lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods’ A series of biomechanical methods, such as three-dimensional finite element models. three-dimensional kinematic measurement, cadeveric evaluation, and imaging assessment was applied to correlate lumbar biomechanics and lumbar spinal stenosis. Surgery of lumbar spinal stenosis has been improved. Results. The stresses significantly concentrate on the posterolateral part of the annulus fibrosus of disc, the posterior surface of vertebral body, the pedicle, the interarticularis and the facet joints. This trend is intensified by disc degeneration and lumbar backward extension. Posterior element resection has a definite effect upon the biomechanical behavior of lumbar vertebrae. The improved operations proved satis- factory. Conclusion. Stress concentration in the lumbar vertebrae is of importance to the etiology of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, and disc degeneration is the initial key of this process. Then these will be aggravated by backward extension. Functional radiography and myelography are of assistance to the diagnosis o f the lumbar spinal stenosis. For the surgical treatment of the lumbar spinal stenosis, destruction of the posterior element should be avoid as far as possible based upon the thorough decompression. Maintaining the lumbar spine in flexion by fusion after decompression has been proved a useful method. When developmental spinal stenosis is combined with disc herniation, discectomy through laminotomy is recommend for decompression.

Correlation study between the changes of motor evoked potential and the improvement of spinal canal volume in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the amplitude changes of motor evoked potential(MEP),the 3D volume changes of spinal canal measuring by postoperative CT and the improvement rate of clinical symptoms after the spinal canal decompression in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF),and to explore the predictive value of the changes of both MEP amplitude and spinal canal volume in the assessment of long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF.Methods:A retrospective study of 68 patients with L4/5 spinal stenosis treated with MIS-TLIF was performed.The changes of both intraoperative MEP amplitude and 3D spinal canal volume during the spinal canal decompression,as well as the visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI)scores in the long-term follow-up were all recorded.Results:The values of intraoperative MEP amplitude was 159.04%higher in 68 patients with MIS-TLIF after spinal canal decompression(P<0.01).The 3 postoperative 3D spinal canal volume(4.89±1.27)cm increased by 31.22%in comparison 3 with preoperative date(3.78±1.08)cm(P<0.01).The VAS and ODI scores were improved to 78.55%and 80.60%,respectively at the last follow-up(P<0.01).The improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was positively correlated with the improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume(r=0.272,P=0.025).The improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume was positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up(r=0.656,r=0.490,P<0.01).Moreover,the improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was also positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up(r=0.322 and 0.235,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion:The increase of MEP amplitude after spinal canal decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated by MIS-TLIF was closely correlated with both of the increase of spinal canal volume and the improvement of clinical symptoms.Therefore,MEP amplitude monitoring was not only the one of the important monitoring methods for predicting the prognosis of MIS-TLIF but also the reliably predictive value in the long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF.

Interspinous Process Implants Causes Wear of the Spinous Processes in Patients Treated for Spinal Stenosis—An Experimental Biomechanical Study with Comparison to Clinical Cases

There are few biomechanical studies on Interspinous Process Implants (IPD);however none investigate the amount of wear on spinous processes. Therefore the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of repetitive loading of the IPD Aperius on the spinous processes in a biomechanical porcine model. For comparison, three patients treated surgically with the same device have been followed for one to two years clinically and with image analyses (X-rays, MRI, CT-scans). Four lumbar spines from 6 months old porcine were divided into seven segments, which received IPD. The segments were exposed to 20,000 cyclical loads. Afterwards the deformation (wear) of the segments was registered. The wear of the spinous processes was measured in mm on a following CT-scan. Additionally, the wear of the ex-vivo was compared to that of the spinous processes investigated by CT-scans or X-ray in three patients treated surgically with the same interspinous implant. The mean maximal deformation of porcine specimens was 1.79 mm (SD 0.25) with the largest deformation occurring in the first quarter of the loading (<5000 cycles). The mean wear of the spinous processes after loading was 6.57 mm. A similar level of wear (mean 12.7 mm) of the spinous processes was detected in the patients. The Aperius IPD creates significant wear on the spinous processes in an experimental biomechanical study. Similar wear of the spinous processes is also present in patients treated with the same device post-operatively. How these findings influence the short and long term result of this implant device remains to be investigated in further biomechanical as well as clinical studies. For future development of this type of devices a proper selection of materials and design is essential to minimize wear effects on the spinous processes and thereby increases the possibilities for the devices to function as suggested.

Correlation of lumbar lateral recess stenosis in magnetic resonance imaging and clinical symptoms

AIM To assess the correlation of lateral recess stenosis(LRS) of lumbar segments L4/5 and L5/S1 and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI).METHODS Nine hundred and twenty-seven patients with history of low back pain were included in this uncontrolled study.On magnetic resonance images(MRI) the lateral recesses(LR) at lumbar levels L4/5 and L5/S1 were evaluated and each nerve root was classified into a 4-point grading scale(Grade 0-3) as normal,not deviated,deviated or compressed.Patient symptoms and disability were assessed using ODI.The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis(P < 0.05).RESULTS Approximately half of the LR revealed stenosis(grade 1-3;52% at level L4/5 and 42% at level L5/S1) with 2.2% and 1.9% respectively reveal a nerve root compression.The ODI score ranged from 0%-91.11% with an arithmetic mean of 34.06% ± 16.89%.We observed a very weak statistically significant positive correlation between ODI and LRS at lumbar levels L4/5 and L5/S1,each bilaterally(L4/5 left:rho < 0.105,P < 0.01;L4/5 right:rho < 0.111,P < 0.01;L5/S1 left:rho 0.128,P < 0.01;L5/S1 right:rho < 0.157,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Although MRI is the standard imaging tool for diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis,this study showed only a weak correlation of LRS on MRI and clinical findings.This can be attributed to a number of reasons outlined in this study,underlining that imaging findings alone are not sufficient to establish a reliable diagnosis for patients with LRS.

Gout: A Possible Cause of Lumbal Canal Stenosis. Cases Report in Sub-Saharan Area and Literature Review

Introduction: Gout is defined as an arthritic condition resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and/or around joints, following long-standing hyperuricemia. This may cause gouty arthritis in joints and tophi in soft tissues. Spinal gout is rare and never mentioned in our context. It can appear as acute back pain, radiculopathy, spinal cord compression, spondylodiscitis or neoplasic/infectious epiduritis. Our aim was to share our surgical experience and proceed of a Literature review. Cases Presentation: Between January and August 2022, two patients male were surgically cared, aged of 42 and 60 years old. The gout was unknown in the youngest and poorly followed in the eldest. There was no past medical history of tuberculosis or immunodeficiency in both. The early diagnosis retained was unspecific lumbar spondylodiscitis due to clinical features: Patients complained both of lower back pain with initial fever. It was of a progressive left L5S1 deficit with erectile defect and dysuria in the first case and a progressive paraplegia without sphincter disorders in the second case. We proceeded with a lumbar laminectomy with a biopsy on both patients. The spinal tophus was ligamentous in one case and arthro-ligamentous in the other. There was a progressive motor recovery from postoperative Day-2 till postoperative Month-1. A probabilistic antituberculosis treatment was promptly initiated postoperatively based on radioclinic features while waiting for histologic proof. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative and the histology was of a chronic calcified osteitis with dense fibrosis in both. The anti-gout treatment was implemented after 15 days with blood test evidence. A rheumatologic follow-up was also initiated and adjuvant physio-therapy. The results were very satisfactory from 4 - 6 months with independent walking. Discussion Conclusion: Spinal Gout may be suggested in 40-male-old faced with any acute rachialgia with neuro deficit with dubious neuro-imaging.

Factors that influence the results of indirect decompression employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion

BACKGROUND Indirect decompression is one of the potential benefits of anterior reconstruction in patients with spinal stenosis.On the other hand,the reported rate of revision surgery after indirect decompression highlights the necessity of working out prediction models for the radiographic results of indirect decompression with assessing their clinical relevance.AIM To assess factors that influence radiographic and clinical results of the indirect decompression in patients with stenosis of the lumbar spine.METHODS This study is a single-center cross-sectional evaluation of 80 consecutive patients(17 males and 63 females)with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with the instability of the lumbar spinal segment.Patients underwent single level or bisegmental spinal instrumentation employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Radiographic results of the indirect decompression were assessed using computerized tomography,while MacNab scale was used to assess clinical results.RESULTS After indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction using OLIF,the statistically significant increase in the disc space height,vertebral canal square,right and left lateral canal depth were detected(Р<0.0001).The median(M)relative vertebral canal square increase came toМ=24.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(16.3%;33.3%)if indirect decompression was achieved by restoration of the segment height.In patients with the reduction of the upper vertebrae slip,the median of the relative increase in vertebral canal square accounted for 49.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(2.35;99.75).Six out of 80 patients(7.5%)presented with unsatisfactory results because of residual nerve root compression.The critical values for lateral recess depth and vertebral canal square that were associated with indirect decompression failure were 3 mm and 80 mm2 respectively.CONCLUSION Indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction is achieved by the increase in disc height along the posterior boarder and reduction of the slipped vertebrae in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.Vertebral canal square below 80 mm2 and lateral recess depth less than 3 mm are associated with indirect decompression failures that require direct microsurgical decompression.

Mechanical properties of nerve roots and rami radiculares isolated from fresh pig spinal cords

No reports have described experiments designed to determine the strength characteristics of spinal nerve roots and rami radiculares for the purpose of explaining the complexity of symptoms of medullary cone lesions and cauda equina syndrome. In this study, to explain the pathogenesis of cauda equina syndrome, monoaxial tensile tests were performed to determine the strength characteristics of spinal nerve roots and rami radiculares, and analysis was conducted to evaluate the stress-strain relationship and strength characteristics. Using the same tensile test device, the nerve root and ramus radiculares isolated from the spinal cords of pigs were subjected to the tensile test and stress relaxation test at load strain rates of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 s-1 under identical settings. The tensile strength of the nerve root was not rate dependent, while the ramus radiculares tensile strength tended to decrease as the strain rate increased. These findings provide important insights into cauda equina symptoms, radiculopathy, and clinical symptoms of the medullary cone.

Adjacent segment disease following Dynesys stabilization for lumbar disorders:A case series of mid-and long-term follow-ups

BACKGROUND Radiologic adjacent segment degeneration(ASDeg)can occur after spinal surgery.Adjacent segment disease(ASDis)is defined as the development of new clinical symptoms corresponding to radiographic changes adjacent to the level of previous spinal surgery.Greater pre-existing ASDeg is generally considered to result in more severe ASDis;nonetheless,whether the ASDeg status before index surgery influences the postoperative risk of revision surgery due to ASDis warrants investigation.AIM To identify possible risk factors for ASDis and verify the concept that greater preexisting ASDeg leads to more severe ASDis.METHODS Data from 212 patients who underwent posterior decompression with Dynesys stabilization from January 2006 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients who underwent surgery for ASDis were categorized as group A(n=13),whereas those who did not were classified as group B(n=199).Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the modified Pfirrmann grade,University of California-Los Angeles grade,body mass index,number of Dynesys-instrumented levels,and age.RESULTS The mean time of reoperation was 7.22(1.65–11.84)years in group A,and the mean follow-up period was 6.09(0.10–12.76)years in group B.No significant difference in reoperation risk was observed:Modified Pfirrmann grade 3 vs 4(P=0.53)or 4 vs 5(P=0.46)for the upper adjacent disc,University of California-Los Angeles grade 2 vs 3 for the upper adjacent segment(P=0.66),age of<60 vs>60 years(P=0.9),body mass index<25 vs>25 kg/m2(P=0.3),and sex(P=0.8).CONCLUSION Greater preexisting upper ASDeg was not associated with a higher rate of reoperation for ASDis after Dynesys surgery.Being overweight tended to increase reoperation risk after Dynesys surgery for ASDis.

退行性腰椎管狭窄患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛的危险因素及风险预测模型构建

目的分析退行性腰椎管狭窄(DLSS)患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛的危险因素及风险预测模型构建。方法本研究采用前瞻性分析,纳入2020年7月至2022年7月南阳市中心医院收治的86例行经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗的DLSS患者为研究对象,术后随访3个月,根据术后下腰痛发生情况,分为发生组和未发生组,分析两组患者临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的影响因素,构建风险预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估风险模型的预测效能。结果随访3个月,86例DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后发生下腰痛患者21例,发生率为24.42%(21/86);发生组骨质疏松、术中清理椎间隙、术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次锻炼时间与未发生组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,骨质疏松、术中清理椎间隙、术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次接受锻炼时间均是DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的危险因素(P<0.05);构建风险模型,验证模型显示C-index值为0.870,具有良好区分度,绘制标准曲线显示,校准曲线和Y-X直线相近,模型准确度良好;对模型预测效能进行验证,结果显示,风险模型评估DLSS患者椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.870,95%CI为0.779~0.961,P<0.001。结论DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后下腰痛发生率较高,合并骨质疏松、术中未清理椎间隙、有术后椎管内无菌性炎症、首次接受锻炼时间延长均是DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后发生下腰痛的危险因素,基于以上因素构建的风险模型对DLSS患者行椎间孔镜术后是否发生下腰痛具有较高的评估价值。

单边双通道内镜与Delta大通道内镜技术治疗L5/S1椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨Delta大通道内镜技术与单边双通道内镜技术(unilateral biportal endoscopy, UBE)治疗L5/S1单节段椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年8月手术治疗的60例L5/S1单节段腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄患者的临床资料,其中32例采用Delta大通道内镜技术行经皮椎板间入路内镜下椎间盘切除术(Delta内镜组),28例采用UBE内镜技术行椎管减压髓核摘除术(UBE组)。比较两组围手术期指标、腰腿痛VAS评分、 ODI及并发症情况,末次随访时按Macnab标准评价疗效。结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术。Delta内镜组术中出血量少于UBE组,手术时间、住院时间短于UBE组(P<0.001)。两组患者术后腰腿痛VAS评分及ODI均较术前明显降低,且Delta内镜组术后3 d腰痛VAS评分及术后1月腿痛VAS评分均低于UBE组(P<0.05)。术后随访6个月,末次随访按Macnab标准评价疗效:Delta内镜组优30例,可2例,优良率为93.75%;UBE组优27例,可1例,优良率为96.43%;组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Delta内镜组硬膜撕裂1例,因撕裂处较小仅严密缝合手术切口;UBE组出现腿部疼痛加重1例。结论 Delta大通道内镜技术与UBE治疗L5/S1单节段椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄均可获得良好的近期效果,但Delta内镜手术术中出血少,软组织损伤小,操作时间短,术后短期疼痛缓解明显,患者恢复快,而UBE适应证范围相对广泛。

单侧双通道与单通道脊柱内镜下手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析比较单侧双通道脊柱内镜(unilateral biportal endoscopy,UBE)与单通道脊柱内镜(uniportal endoscopy,UE)治疗腰椎管狭窄症(lumbar spinal stenosis,LSS)的疗效。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Libmry、Web of science、Embase、Medline、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(WanFang)、维普(VIP)数据库中关于UBE和UE下手术治疗LSS的临床对照研究文献,检索时限为自数据库建库至2024年5月,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华(Newcastle-Ottawa scale,NOS)对纳入的研究进行质量评价。按手术方法分为UBE组和UE组。提取纳入研究的结局指标数据,包括术后腰痛及腿痛的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症、硬膜囊面积,通过Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15篇文献,1篇前瞻队列性研究,14篇回顾性研究,NOS评价均为中高质量。总样本量1277例,其中UBE组患者650例,UE组患者627例。Meta分析结果显示,UEB组和UE组手术时间有统计学差异,UBE组手术时间较UE组短[MD=-12.30,95%CI(-20.90,-3.71),P=0.005];在术中失血量[MD=7.41,95%CI(-0.55,15.31),P=0.07]、住院时间[MD=0.02,95%CI(-0.09,0.14),P=0.71]、术后背部疼痛VAS评分[MD=-0.22,95%CI(-0.45,0.02),P=0.07]、术后疼痛下肢VAS评分[MD=-0.18,95%CI(0.39,0.02),P=0.08]、术后ODI[MD=-0.91,95%CI(-2.22,0.39),P=0.17]、术后并发症发生率[OR=0.75,95%CI(0.46,1.24),P=0.27]、术前硬膜囊面积[MD=0.37,95%CI(-3.18,2.44),P=0.80]等方面的差异均无统计学意义;UBE组术后硬膜囊面积扩张显著性大于UE组[MD=-12.51,95%CI(7.44,17.59),P<0.00001]。结论:UBE及UE下手术治疗LSS均可取得显著临床疗效,在手术时间、椎管减压程度方面,UBE较UE更加有优势。

转腰汤颗粒治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症临床研究

目的观察转腰汤颗粒治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症(DLSS)的临床疗效。方法采用随机双盲对照设计,以随机数字表法将104例DLSS患者分为试验组和对照组各52例。试验组予转腰汤颗粒、甲钴胺片及塞来昔布胶囊模拟剂,口服;对照组予转腰汤颗粒模拟剂、甲钴胺片及塞来昔布胶囊,口服。2组均连续治疗3周,于治疗后1、3个月随访。于治疗前,治疗1、2、3周及治疗后1、3个月观察2组间歇性跛行距离、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和日本骨科协会腰痛疾患疗效评定标准(JOA)评分。记录2组治疗期间的不良反应情况。结果试验组脱落5例、剔除2例,对照组脱落5例、剔除1例。与本组治疗前比较,2组患者治疗及随访各时点间歇性跛行距离、VAS评分、JOA评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组治疗前及治疗1、2周比较,试验组间歇性跛行距离、VAS评分、JOA评分与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组治疗3周及治疗后1、3个月比较,试验组间歇性跛行距离、JOA评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组治疗3周,试验组VAS评分与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组不良反应2例(4.4%),对照组不良反应5例(10.8%),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论转腰汤颗粒可有效缓解DLSS患者疼痛,改善腰椎功能,相较于口服塞来昔布胶囊和甲钴胺片效果更优,安全性较好。

退行性腰椎侧凸椎管形态学特征及其与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性分析

目的 测量退行性腰椎侧凸(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)患者椎管形态学参数,分析其变化规律及其与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性。方法 收集DLS患者50例,分别在X线、CT及MRI上测量腰弯Cobb角、腰椎前凸角、顶椎位置、顶椎偏移距离、顶椎旋转度、顶椎侧方和前方滑移距离、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、凹侧和凸侧椎间孔高度、宽度和横截面积、硬膜囊横截面积、横径和前后径,分析椎管形态学变化规律及其与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性。结果DLS患者的顶椎位于L_(2)~L_(3)椎体;其椎管相关参数最小处均位于L_(4/5)节段;椎间孔相关参数最小处均位于L_(2/3)节段。DLS患者L_(2/3)水平椎管及椎间孔的形态学参数与年龄、腰弯Cobb角及顶椎偏移距离存在相关性(P<0.05);而L_(5)/S_(1)水平椎间孔的形态学参数与PI、SS存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论 DLS患者椎管最狭窄处多位于L_(4/5)节段,而椎间孔最狭窄处多位于L_(2/3)节段。顶椎区椎管狭窄程度、椎间孔狭窄程度与脊柱-骨盆参数之间存在一定的相关性。

经皮内镜下减压治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症合并退变性脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的:评价经皮内镜下减压治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症(lumbar spinal stenosis,LSS)合并退变性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月~2021年6月采用经皮内镜下减压治疗的LSS合并退变性脊柱侧凸患者,纳入研究18例,其中男11例,女7例,年龄65~90岁,平均78.9±7.1岁。根据患者临床症状、合并症及影像学特点行经皮内镜单侧或双侧减压。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术中透视次数。术前及末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者术前、术后即刻、术后6个月及末次随访时腰腿痛程度。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分评估患者腰椎功能状态,采用Macnab标准评估末次随访时患者的手术疗效。分别于术前和术后测量脊柱矢状面偏移(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、C7椎体中心至骶骨中垂线距离(C7-CSVL)、Cobb角、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、PI-LL及椎管横截面积,分析术后影像学的改善情况。结果:患者均顺利完成手术,其中双侧减压14例,单侧减压4例,围手术期无严重并发症发生,所有患者完成12个月以上随访。手术时间69.72±12.66min,术中出血量39.72±10.21mL,术前、术中透视次数5.11±1.49次。术后即刻、术后6个月及末次随访时腰腿痛VAS评分较术前均明显降低(P<0.05);末次随访时ODI、JOA评分较术前明显改善(P<0.05);术后SVA、C7-CSVL、Cobb角、PI-LL及椎管横截面积较术前有所改善(P<0.05);末次随访时疗效为优7例(38.90%),良9例(50.00%),可2例(11.11%),整体优良率为88.89%。结论:经皮内镜下减压治疗老年LSS合并退变性脊柱侧凸可缓解患者腰腿痛症状、改善腰椎功能,一定程度改善脊柱-骨盆参数并扩大椎管内横截面积,具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短的临床特点。

山西局部地区退变性腰椎管狭窄症的流行病学调查与分析

目的分析山西省局部地区2017年至2018年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的流行病学特征。方法收集山西省9家医院2017年1月至2018年12月门诊及住院治疗的退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者基本资料和数字化影像资料,分为太原、晋中地区(A组)、晋南地区(B组)和晋北、吕梁地区(C组),按病例资料采集医院的地区、患者年龄、性别、腰椎管狭窄解剖学分型、病变节段及不同年份的地区、年龄、性别、解剖学分型、病变节段等进行分组,分析山西省局部地区退变性腰椎管狭窄症的流行病学特征。结果研究共纳入8872例退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中男性4866例(54.8%),女性4006例(45.2%);患者年龄41~98岁,平均68.4岁,高发年龄段在60~69岁及70~79岁;2017年共纳入4256例(48.0%),2018年共纳入4616例(52.0%)。按病例资料采集医院的地区分组比较病例数:在60~69岁年龄段,A组>B组>C组;在70~79岁年龄段,C组最多,B组>A组;3组患者男女比例分布中男性多于女性,差异有统计学意义(A组男性1601例、女性1403例;B组男性1678例、女性1488例;C组男性1587例、女性1115例,P<0.05);在退变性腰椎管狭窄症解剖学分型中,中央管狭窄型及神经根管狭窄型最为常见,地区分布差异有统计学意义(A组中央管狭窄1380例、神经根管狭窄1366例;B组中央管狭窄1416例、神经根管狭窄1424例;C组中央管狭窄1284例、神经根管狭窄1158例,P<0.05);3组患者腰椎受累节段腰4/5、腰5/骶1、腰3/4节段最为多见,差异有统计学意义(受累节段L4/5 A组1509例、B组1385例、C组1160例,P<0.05)。按病例资料采集年份分组比较:在2017年至2018两年间,退变性腰椎管狭窄症的发病地区、性别、年龄、病变节段及解剖学分型的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论山西省局部地区退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者高发年龄段为60~69岁,年龄分布具有地区差异,男性多于女性,中央管狭窄型及神经根管狭窄型最为常见。在2017、2018连续两年中山西省局部地区退变性腰椎管狭窄症的地区分布性别、就诊年龄、病变节段及解剖学分型无明显变化。

单侧双通道内镜减压治疗老年腰椎退行性侧凸伴椎管狭窄症

目的探讨单侧双通道内镜减压治疗老年腰椎退行性侧凸伴椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法采用单侧双通道内镜减压治疗20例老年腰椎退行性侧凸伴椎管狭窄症患者。记录手术情况、并发症发生情况,比较手术前后疼痛VAS评分、ODI评分、Cobb角,采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12(9.8±1.4)个月。手术时间95~205(149.8±43.2)min,术后住院时间4~9(4.8±2.4)d。2例硬膜囊撕裂,2例因手术节段与责任节段不一致术后症状缓解不明显;其余患者未发生神经损伤、肌力下降、切口感染或不愈合等手术并发症。疼痛VAS评分及ODI评分术后第2天、1个月、3个月、6个月均较术前改善(P<0.05),Cobb角术后第2天、1个月、3个月、6个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效:优10例,良6例,可4例,优良率16/20。结论单侧双通道内镜减压治疗老年腰椎退行性侧凸伴椎管狭窄症早期疗效满意,具有微创、椎管减压充分、不影响脊柱稳定性等优势。

腰椎后路融合术中不同术前诊断发生上位关节突关节侵扰的相关分析

目的比较腰椎后路融合术中不同术前诊断患者上位关节突关节侵扰的发生率。方法回顾性分析我院2018年1月至2021年12月行腰椎后路融合术治疗的320例患者的临床资料,患者术前诊断包括腰椎间盘突出症/腰椎椎管狭窄、退行性腰椎滑脱、峡部裂性腰椎滑脱。在术后腰椎CT对上位关节突关节侵扰进行分级,比较不同术前诊断患者上位关节突关节侵扰的发生率,并分析相关因素(固定节段顶椎、关节突关节角、椎板深度、螺钉内倾角、关节突关节轴径、椎体滑移距离等)与上位关节突关节侵扰及术前诊断的相关性。结果峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者上位关节突关节侵扰的发生率(57.4%)高于腰椎间盘突出症/腰椎椎管狭窄患者(41.2%)和退行性腰椎滑脱组(35.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。固定节段顶椎、关节突关节角、关节突关节轴径、螺钉内倾角与上位关节突关节侵扰的发生有关(P<0.05)。不同术前诊断患者的关节突关节角、关节突关节轴径、固定节段顶椎差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与腰椎间盘突出症/腰椎椎管狭窄、退行性腰椎滑脱患者相比,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者螺钉更容易发生上位关节突关节侵扰。

活血通督汤联合理筋手法对肾虚血瘀型退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者腰椎后伸角和血液流变学的影响

目的观察活血通督汤联合理筋手法对肾虚血瘀型退行性腰椎管狭窄症(DLSS)患者腰椎后伸角和血液流变学的影响。方法将210例肾虚血瘀型DLSS患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,均予常规西医治疗。对照组105例加理筋手法治疗,治疗组105例在对照组治疗基础上联合活血通督汤治疗,2组均治疗8周。比较2组疗效;比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分;比较2组治疗前后血液流变学指标血浆黏度、红细胞比容(PCV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)变化;比较2组治疗前后腰椎后伸角、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分变化;比较2组不良反应情况。结果治疗组总有效率94.29%(99/105),对照组总有效率79.05%(83/105),治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后各项中医证候评分及总评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血浆黏度、PCV、FIB均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05)。2组治疗后腰椎后伸角、JOA评分均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组升高更明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论活血通督汤联合理筋手法治疗肾虚血瘀型DLSS疗效确切,可有效改善患者血液流变学,增大腰椎后伸角,改善腰椎功能。