Effects of a Dehydrating Agent on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutritional Quality of Different Maize Varieties

The high water content of corn grain at harvest is a challenge in Northeast China,where the growing season is short.Using a dehydrating agent before harvest can help corn seeds dehydrate quickly.The dry matter accumulation and nutrient quality of maize were systematically studied by field experiments and instrumental analysis using maize varieties of different maturities as test materials.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter was enhanced by an increased dosage of a dehydrating agent.When the dehydrating agent dosage reached 1800 mL•hm-2,the dry matter accumulation of early-maturing varieties increased by 24.1 g,and the water content decreased by 8.08%.Different maize varieties were treated with the same dose;early-maturing varieties showed significant effects on grain dry matter accumulation,and kernel dry matter accumulation increased by 7%.The effects of different doses on grain dehydration were obvious,and the effects on different maize varieties varied.Medium-ripening maize varieties showed the most significant effect,with a 19.5%reduction in water content.The effects of dehydrating agent doses on maize yield,grain nutrient quality and seed germination rate were not significant.Therefore,a dehydrating agent promoted the accumulation of dry matter in grain and accelerated the rapid dehydration.

Experiments and kinetic modeling of the sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide catalyzed by sulfuric acid under conditions of non-constant volume

Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volume.Herein,the effects of stirring rate,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the dehydration reaction of sorbitol were investigated.The yield of isosorbide up to 77.13%was obtained after 1.5 h of reaction time under conditions of 2 kPa,1.0%(mass)catalyst dosage,and 413.15 K.Based on the sorbitol dehydration reaction mechanism and a simplified reaction network,a kinetic model was developed in this work.A good agreement was accomplished between kinetic modeling and experiments between 393.15 and 423.15 K.The fitting results indicate that side reactions with higher activation energies are more affected by reaction temperatures,and the main side reaction that influences the selectivity of isosorbide is the oligomerization reaction among the primary dehydration products of sorbitol.The model fitting of the catalyst amounts effect shows that the effective concentration of sulfuric acid would be reduced with the increase of dosage due to the molecular agglomeration effect.Hopefully,the kinetic experiments and modeling results obtained in this work will be helpful to the design and optimization of the industrial sorbitol dehydration process.

Adipokinetic hormone signaling regulates adult dehydration resistance in the migratory locust

Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.

Study on the effect of four kinds of raw materials in hypertonic dehydration cell model

It aims to investigate the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate,panthenol,Portulaca oleracea L.and Calendula officinalis L.on hyperosmotic dehydration-induced injury of human immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT).The safety mass concentrations of four raw materials were screened by detecting cell viability,and the secretion of hyaluronic acid(HA)was determined using the ELISA method.The expression of HaCaT barrier function related genes(OVOL1,EREG,TGM1,TGM2,IVL,IRF6,THBS1,CASP14)was detected at the mRNA level to explore the regulatory effect of four raw materials on these genes.The results demonstrate that pretreatment with the four kinds of raw materials could increase the cell viability after hyperosmotic dehydration,promote the secretion of HA,and improve the expression of barrier function related genes after hyperosmotic dehydration,among which panthenol and Calendula officinalis L.are better.The results show that the four raw materials have a certain protective effect on the hyperosmotic dehydration cell model,which provides data support for its application in cosmetics.

Influence of dehydrating agents on the oxidative carbonylation of methanol for dimethyl carbonate synthesis over a Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst

The influence of the dehydration by metal oxides on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） via oxidative carbonylation of methanol was studied. A Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst was prepared by the ion exchange method from CuCl2.2H2O and the commercial NH4-form of the Y type zeolite, The catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, N2 adsorption （BET method）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and temperature-programmed de- sorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD） to evaluate its Cu and Cl content, surface area, structure, and acidity. Reaction tests were carried out using an autoclave （batch reactor） for 18 h at 403 K and 5.5 MPa （2CH3OH ＋ 1/2O2 ＋ CO （CH3O）2CO ＋ H2O）. The influence of various dehydrating agents （ZnO, MgO, and CaO） was examined with the aim of increasing the methanol conversion （XMeOH, MeOH conversion）. The MeOH conversion increased upon addition of metal oxides in the order CaO 〉〉 MgO 〉 ZnO, with the DMC selectivity （SDMC） following the order MgO 〉 CaO 〉 ZnO. The catalysts and dehydrating agents were characterized before and after the oxidative carbonylation of methanol by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric （TG/DTG）, and XRD to con- firm that the dehydration reaction occurred via the metal oxide （MO ＋ H2O →M（OH）2）. The MeOH conversion increased from 8.7% to 14.6% and DMC selectivity increased from 39.0% to 53.1%, when using the dehydrating azent CaO.

Influences of dehydrating process on properties of ATO nano-powders

Sb-doped SnO2 （ATO） nanometer powders were synthesized by hydrolysis of alkoxides, using SnCl4·5H2O and SbCl3 as raw materials. Some dehydrating processes, such as n-butanol/xylene mixed solvent heterogeneous azeotropic distillation, organic dehydrating agent and other dehydrating processes, were used to treat the wet colloids for preparing nonagglomerated ATO nanoparticles. The influences of dehydrating processes on the particle size, agglomeration and resistance were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller （BET）. It is indicated that the dehydrating methods have great influences on the products properties, and that n-butanol/xylene mixed solvent heterogeneous azeotropic distillation processing and organic dehydrating agent can effectively remove the residual H2O molecules in wet colloids, and be used to prepare powders with high surface areas, about 85.32 m2/g, low agglomeration and good conductivity.

A thermodynamic-based model for modeling thermo-elastoplastic behaviors of saturated clayey soils considering bound water dehydration

The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral composition,which brings difficulty in investigating their thermo-mechanical behaviors.Previous studies pay little attention to the difference between a thermal plastic strain and the strain from clay dehydration.In this study,a new constitutive model is proposed for describing the thermoelastoplastic behaviors of clayey soils under water-saturated condition.The effect of temperature variation and mechanical loading on elastoplastic strains and dehydration are investigated.The thermodynamics laws and the unconventional plasticity are applied to quantify the thermo-mechanical behavior.The irreversible strain is captured by using Cam-Clay plasticity and subloading yield surface concept.The dehydration strain is described by utilizing a novel method based on generalized thermodynamics approach and Helmholtz free energy function.The internal variables,and the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the model.The hardening rule is established by implementing the laws of physical conservation,energy dissipation,and plastic flow.The proposed model is validated using specially designed thermal consolidation tests on laboratory prepared heavily consolidated clayey soils and some published data of clayey soils with different geological origins.

Role of Calcination Temperature on Isosorbide Production from Sorbitol Dehydration over the Catalyst Derived from Ce(IV)Sulfate

Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this study,the synthesis of isosorbide by sorbitol dehydration using a cerium-based catalyst derived from calcined cerium(IV)sulfate(300°C,400°C,450°C,500°C,and 650°C)was investigated.The reaction occurred in a high-pressure reactor containing nitrogen gas.Advanced instrumental techniques were applied to analyze the characteristics of the calcined catalyst.The results showed that the calcined catalysts demonstrated different crystalline structures and sulfate species at different temperatures.However,the acidic properties(strength and amount)of the catalyst did not change with the calcination temperature.The cerium(IV)sulfate calcined at 400°C exhibited the best catalytic performance,achieving the highest isosorbide yield(55.7%)and complete conversion of sorbitol at 180°C,20 bar of N2,and 6 h using CeSO-400.The presence of a sulfate group on the catalyst was the most important factor in determining the catalytic performance of sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide.This work suggests that CeSO-400 catalysts may play an important role in reducing reaction conditions.

Experimental and numerical studies of Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO dehydration process in a fixed-bed reactor for thermochemical energy storage

The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.

成熟期水稻种子脱水速率全基因组关联分析

[目的]籽粒脱水速率直接影响种子的安全收获和快速干燥。选育成熟期籽粒含水量低、脱水速率快的品种,可保障种子质量,降低生产成本。[方法]采用来自82个不同国家和地区的165份水稻核心种质作为试验材料,将成熟期种子脱水速率表型与基因型相结合进行GWAS分析,挖掘调控种子脱水的关键基因,为培育和创制脱水快速品种奠定基础。[结果]1)对165份水稻核心种质群体脱水速率性状进行描述性统计分析,结果显示2年脱水速率性状均呈连续性偏正态分布,2年快速脱水的脱水速率性状在年际间具有显著相关性。不同亚群之间快速脱水与慢速脱水速率正相关。2)GWAS关联分析共获得与脱水速率显著关联的SNP 170个,QTL 36个。通过LD分析定位到6个与脱水速率密切相关的QTL,分别为qGDR2.3、qGDR4.1、qGDR4.2、qGDR6.1、qGDR6.4、qGDR10.1。[结论]这些QTL区间内主要候选基因OsPIP1;1、Os TIFY9、Osb ZIP48、Os ATG8b、OsDREB1C、Os SCP46与水分转运活性、信号转导、转录调控、抗氧化防御密切相关,推测它们与成熟期水稻种子脱水速率相关,可作为候选基因。

专利视角下天然气预处理技术发展路径分析

应用专利信息分析方法,着重从天然气脱酸、脱水、脱重烃3个重点技术分支介绍了该领域的技术发展态势和技术研发路径。研究结果表明,天然气预处理技术的发展经历了萌芽期、缓慢增长期和快速增长期3个阶段,在当前乃至今后一段时期内专利申请趋势将继续保持增长;溶液吸收技术和脱酸装置集成化发展是天然气脱酸预处理方向的热点技术;干燥剂配方的改良和脱水系统的优化是天然气脱水预处理方向的发展重点;涡流分离装置是天然气脱重烃预处理专利技术的热门方向。

盾构隧道泥渣脱水处理技术研究综述

脱水处理是盾构泥渣减量化的主要方法,对现阶段各类盾构隧道泥渣脱水处理技术进行分析总结具有重要的意义。从盾构泥渣的性质及其赋存水机制出发,总结归纳过滤比阻、毛细吸水时间、沉降速率、渗透系数以及含水率5项用于评价泥渣脱水性能的指标,重点阐述机械脱水、干化脱水与渗流脱水等主要脱水技术,分析各类方法的脱水效果、适用性和局限性。机械脱水技术在黏粒含量较少的盾构泥渣脱水处理方面已较为成熟,而对于黏粒含量较多的盾构泥渣需加入高效的调理剂改性以增强脱水性能,目前较高的脱水成本与调理剂污染处理是其亟需解决的问题。自然晾晒显然已不能满足效率与环保的要求;热干化脱水虽然适用范围广且脱水较为彻底,但其存在能耗大、成本高的缺陷;渗流脱水技术中的土工管袋法以及真空预压法对渗透性较大的泥渣具有较好的脱水效果;电渗法可适用于低渗透性黏土,然而其耗电量大且电极易腐蚀的缺陷还难以避免。目前盾构泥渣脱水处理主要存在设备适应性不足、能耗高与运维难、泥渣资源利用率低、新技术难以推广应用以及处理规范体系不完善等问题。未来应注重脱水设备向智能化、模块化、集成规模化三位一体方向的发展,同时实现高效的泥渣资源再利用,制定统一的脱水规范并鼓励脱水新技术的工程应用与推广。

施氮量对不同夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性、产量和品质的影响

以脱水速率不同的2个夏玉米品种迪卡517(DK 517,脱水速率较快)和郑单1002(ZD 1002,脱水速率较慢)为材料,研究施氮量[0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)、180 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、300 kg/hm^(2)(N2)]对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性、脱水速率、产量和品质的影响,以期为黄淮海夏玉米优质高效生产提供理论依据。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,DK 517和ZD 1002籽粒干质量总体上均逐渐增加,行粒数和产量先增加后降低,籽粒粗蛋白含量增加,粗淀粉含量降低。N1处理总体上籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量和最大灌浆速率最高,活跃灌浆期最长,行粒数最多,进而产量最高,分别为9694.60 kg/hm^(2)和11204.56 kg/hm^(2),且籽粒粗蛋白含量较高。不同施氮量处理对不同脱水类型夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性影响不同。授粉后15~24 d,不同处理夏玉米籽粒含水量之间差异显著,授粉后58 d,DK 517籽粒含水量表现为N2>N1>N0,ZD 1002籽粒含水量表现为N1>N0>N2。授粉后49~58 d,N0处理籽粒脱水速率最高。与ZD 1002相比,DK 517籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量和最大灌浆速率较高,到达最大灌浆速率的时间较早,活跃灌浆期较短,籽粒含水量较低,灌浆前期籽粒脱水速率较低,中后期较高,行粒数、百粒质量和产量较低,籽粒粗脂肪含量较低,粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量较高。籽粒脱水速率与穗粗、秃尖长呈显著或极显著负相关,与穗长和粗淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关。综上,施氮180 kg/hm^(2)可促进夏玉米籽粒灌浆,提高产量和籽粒粗蛋白含量。

盾构废弃粉质黏土泥浆底部真空脱水试验研究

盾构施工中产生的废弃粉质黏土泥浆具有含水率高、强度低、颗粒粒径较小及难以快速固结的特点,脱水处置难度大;如何对其进行有效的脱水固化处理,是减少其在运输或存储过程中污染环境的关键。基于自行研制的废弃泥浆真空脱水装置,开展自重、自重+真空、自重稳定+真空、自重稳定+分级真空等4种不同形式下的室内脱水模型试验研究,分析废弃粉质黏土泥浆在不同的加载方式下泥—水界面沉降、孔隙水压力、脱水量以及脱水后残余泥浆含水率的变化规律,并对不同加载方式下对废弃粉质黏土泥浆的脱水效果进行对比。试验结果表明:4种脱水方式中,先对废弃粉质黏土泥浆进行自重脱水处理、再对其底部分级施加真空作用的加载方式对废弃粉质黏土泥浆的脱水效果最好,可有效降低废弃粉质黏土泥浆的含水率;采用该方法对初始含水率为97.50%的废弃粉质黏土泥浆进行脱水处理后,其含水率分布范围介于28.21%~34.25%,其内部孔隙水压力最小可达-72.92 kPa。同时,基于分段线性化的思想建立了废弃泥浆一维脱水理论分析模型,对废弃粉质黏土泥浆在脱水过程中的泥—水界面沉降进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟与试验结果进行了对比分析;随后通过对不同加载方式下脱水效率进行模拟分析探究了最佳加载方式。该研究可为盾构废弃粉质黏土泥浆快速脱水处理提供理论基础和实践依据。

烤烟新品种豫浓香201中部叶的烘烤特性及烘烤工艺

烤烟新品种豫浓香201是中烟100的突变体,为探索豫浓香201中部叶适宜的烘烤工艺,从烘烤特性入手,以中烟100为对照,设置暗箱试验和电烤箱试验,研究了豫浓香201中部烟变黄变褐特性、失水特性、叶绿素降解特性、多酚氧化酶活性变化、淀粉酶活性的变化,并根据其烘烤特性调整烘烤工艺。豫浓香201完全变黄时间为48 h,暗箱处理168 h后变褐程度仍不到30%,变黄、变褐特性较好;失水均衡性为1.10,失水均衡性较好;叶绿素降解速率在72 h为1.30%·h^(-1),降解量为93.68%,降解特性较好;多酚氧化酶活性平均值为0.29 U,耐烤性较好;豫浓香201淀粉酶活性高于中烟100。豫浓香210烤后烟叶基本性状、外观质量、感官质量均优于中烟100。综合认为豫浓香201中部烟易烤性较好,耐烤性较好。与中烟100相比较,变黄时间减少6 h左右,定色时间减少4 h左右。

脱水耦合逆水气变换制一氧化碳过程研究

逆水气变换制是CO为CO_(2)加氢二步法合成甲醇过程中的第一步。本文在逆水气变换反应过程引入脱水耦合反应,突破该反应在低温下的平衡限制。本文考察了脱水剂性能、脱水剂含量、H2与CO进料比等对该反应的影响,证明添加20%的脱水剂即可至少提高商用催化剂低温(220~330℃)活性4~5倍,并获得远超平衡限制的CO_(2)转化率。

不同脱水剂和催化剂对油酸基咪唑啉缓蚀性能的影响

选用二甲苯、活性氧化铝和硼酸等作为脱水剂或催化剂,分别合成了三种油酸基咪唑啉,利用红外光谱对咪唑啉的结构进行了表征,使用质量损失法、极化曲线法和交流阻抗法等技术比较了三种油酸基咪唑啉缓蚀剂在H_(2)S/CO_(2)饱和的高矿化度溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明,使用活性氧化铝催化合成的咪唑啉缓蚀效果最好。

不同因素对冻融-离心脱水处理河流底泥的影响研究

河流底泥是河流的沉积物,有含水率高的特点.底泥的高含水率是限制其得到有效处理的重要因素.为此,本研究以沈阳市新开河怒江桥段的河流底泥为研究对象,分析了冷冻时间、底泥初始质量、离心时间和离心速度等对河流底泥脱水率和底泥上清液浊度的影响.结果表明,随冷冻时间、离心时间和离心速度的增加,底泥脱水率先提高而后保持平稳,底泥上清液浊度先降低再保持平稳;底泥初始质量与底泥脱水率呈反相关,与底泥上清液浊度呈正相关.试验得出最佳处理条件:冷冻时间5 h、底泥初始质量60 g、离心时间20 min、离心速度6000 r/min.在此条件下,底泥脱水率由34.00%提高至61.09%,底泥上清液浊度由181.2 NTU降低为14.4 NTU.

德钢4号高炉烟气自循环制粉系统设计

对四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司应用不带脱水装置的烟气自循环制粉工艺进行了介绍和总结,该制粉工艺的烟气炉采用全烧高炉煤气、中速磨煤机制粉、一级大布袋收粉,磨制的烟煤挥发分为25%,在稳定生产期间系统末端氧含量控制在12%以内,粉尘排放浓度<10 mg/Nm^(3)。生产实践表明:不带脱水装置全烧高炉煤气的烟气自循环制粉工艺安全可靠,满足生产要求。

考虑非达西渗流的泥浆离心脱水分析

为深入探究离心脱水技术在处理主要由黏性土组成的建筑废弃泥浆时的内在机理及其影响因素,利用分段线性化方法,充分考虑黏性土中渗流的非达西特性以及土体变形的非线性特征,建立在离心作用下能够考虑其非达西渗流特性的泥浆脱水分析模型。通过与已有研究成果及室内试验结果的对比,证明了该模型的有效性。在此基础上,分析了模型参数对脱水过程的影响。研究结果表明:脱水速度和最终土水界面位移量随着电机转速的增大而增大;增加泥浆初始厚度会增大最终土水界面位移量,但会降低初期的土水界面移动速度;压缩指数在初期对土水界面位移的影响并不明显,但其增大会导致最终土水界面位移量的增加;非达西渗流参数的增大会导致土水界面位移的减少,但通过提升电机转速,可以有效地降低非达西渗流对脱水效果的不利影响。研究成果可为离心脱水技术在建筑废弃泥浆处理中的进一步优化与应用提供借鉴和参考。