Urbanization and Quality of Urban Environment Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in East Delhi-India

An explosive increase of urban population, practically in all major cities and towns, has the consequent strain on the existing system manifested in an environmental chaos. The phenomena of accelerated urbanisation is the main culprit, wherein besides bringing higher standard of living, it has also brought problems, as growth of dense and unplanned residential areas, environmental pollution, non-availability of services and amenities, solid waste etc. Remote sensing satellite data is suitable for urban land use mapping to get detail and up- to-date information for environmental management. Where as GIS helps in developing database system for urban information, which supports decision making process. Development of digital database on all aspects of land use and urban planning is the next crucial task for the future in which remote sensing based informa-tion is going to play a major role. In Delhi, rise in population and growth in economic activity has led to en-vironmental degradation. With this view an attempt has been made to study the quality of urban environment in the East district of Delhi, which is experiencing very high urban growth with 98.75% urban population in 2001. For this study Landsat ASTER (MSS) data of year 2001 (15 m Ground resolution), Guide map of the year 1982 and demographic and environmental data has been used. Eight parameters were selected, which affect the urban environmental quality, namely built-up area, open spaces, household density, occupancy ra-tio, population density, accessibility to roads, noise and smell affected area. The study shows that the quality of environment has been degraded when we compare 1982 and 2003 data. Most of the East district was in a better state of environment in 1982, but in 2003 things have been changed and now 50% area is in very good, fair and desirable condition. The public participation and involvement should be encouraged planning and decisions making for the improvement in better urban environmental quality.

Lifestyle Trends and Obesity among College Going Girls of Delhi

Background: Place of food preparation and hence consumption is an important determining factor for diet intake and consequently the risk for development of obesity. Aims: Present study attempts to examine dietary behavior among students attending undergraduate courses at Delhi University so as to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity status using various dietary and behavioral factors triggering obesity. Methods: 201 females with age ranging from 18 to 22 years were interviewed for different socio-demographic information and parameters relating to lifestyle regime using a standardized proforma. Anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken according to standard techniques. Analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Results: Family history for obesity and diabetes is noted to be significantly higher among girls taking home-made food. It has been reported that girls taking food prepared at home are more overweight/obese for BMI or at risk for higher waist line and waist height ratio as compared to those taking meals away from home. Conclusion: Universities can perform a crucial role in restraining the prevalence of obesity among young population by assessing college-going students for their weight status and eating practices and counseling them about healthy eating choices and habits.

Variation in Parameters of Ambient Air Quality in National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (India)

Air Pollution is an escalating problem worldwide fuelled by increasing anthropogenic activities, speedy development, rapid industrialization, transportation, superfluous use of fossil fuel consumption, increasing global power needs, etc. Also the diverse meteorological factors influence our environment to a great extent. Population explosion has led to remarkable increase in vehicular population. The use solely depends upon the lifestyle of the citizen. Any change in the lifestyle has a remarkable effect on the air we breathe. A comprehensive database for pollution levels from the year 2006 to 2010 was analyzed for a main traffic intersection and a non-traffic area in Delhi (India). The paper asserts that pollutant concentration levels on weekend are lower than those on weekdays (increase on Sundays with respect to weekdays is CO 2.98 times, PM2.5 1.18 times, NO 1.62 times, NO2 5.76 times, SO2 1.27 times and O3 1.15 times). The pollution levels have been found to attenuate on public holidays and weekends. Pollution can hence be related to the weekly cycle of human activities. Pollutions due to vehicular emissions on roads, rails, air or water all serve as major sources of pollution. Hence, viably possible solutions for pollution control can also be achieved by controlling the magnitude of traffic flow on roads.

A retrospective analysis of snake envenomation in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology, clinical profile and treatment for patients with snake bite in the intensive care unit of our hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with snake bite admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, North Delhi, was conducted between January 2013 and October 2018. Their demographic profile, time and site of bite, clinical manifestations and time interval between the bite and anti-snake venom administration were recorded. Results: A total number of 102 patients with snake bite were studied, of which 54.9% were males and 45.1% were females. Most patients were presented in the monsoon season and snake bites occurred mainly in the night and early morning. A total of 56.3% of the patients with clinical manifestations received anti-snake venom within 3 h after the snake bite. Most patients presented with painless bites and neuroparalytic features with ptosis that was the most common clinical manifestation (50.9%). Anti-snake venom was administered to 55 patients (53.9%) with an average dose of 42 vials per patient and the mortality was 11.7%. Conclusions: Neuroparalytic krait envenomation accounted for the highest incidence of venomous bites in our study. Early medical treatment with judicious anti snake venom administration and related education is crucial.

Quantification of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Buffalo Milk Samples of Delhi City, India

The ill effects of green revolution include residues of extensively used chemical pesticides in various environmental components. The present study was designed to analyze the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues along with chemical composition in buffalo milk samples collected from different localities of Delhi. Milk monitoring can yield information about the kinds and quantities of pesticides in the environment as well as in our daily diet. In this study, the residue of three different organochlorine pesticides, namely Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Endosulfan have been reported. Residues of Lindane exceeded the Maximum Residual Limit values in 50% of the samples is a cause of serious concern. The p,p’-DDT was detected in 70% of the samples with p,p’-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) in 80% of the milk samples of different parts of Delhi state. DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) another metabolite of p,p’-DDT was detected in 65% of the milk samples. The analysis indicates that DDT is the major contaminants in different parts of Delhi state. α and β endosulfan were detected in 35% and 40% of the samples analyzed. The statistical correlation shows no significant correlation between chemical compositions of the samples. The presence of multiple chemicals in virtually all samples of buffalo milk raises new questions about the possible toxicological impacts of chemical mixtures on an infant’s developing nervous and immune systems and reproductive organs.

Applying SEM-EDX and XRD Techniques to Demonstrate the Overgrowth of Atmospheric Soot and Its Coalescence with Crystal Silicate Particles in Delhi

Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems were used to demonstrate the overgrowth of soot to fractal like structure and its subsequent coalescence with crystal shaped silicate particles. Sample was obtained from a very clean area of Delhi at a height of 16 m from ground with the help of a five stage cascade impactor in the winters of 2006. Impactor collects particles in five different size ranges (i.e. ≥10.9, 10.9 - 5.4, 5.4 - 1.6, 1.6 - 0.7 and ≤0.7 μm). In the present investigation only the particles collected in the size range 1.6 - 0.7 μm (D50 = 0.980 μm) have been considered. It has clearly been observed that the soot particles tend to grow or rather agglomerate in a fractal like structure. During this process they incorporate other chemically and structurally different particles (crystal silicate in the present investigation) to make multi phase and multi chemical amorphous aggregates. These aggregates are formed during/after its collection on the sampling substrate and may be as many as hundred times more than the expected size interval (D50 or cut off range).

Variability in the Levels of BTEX at a Pollution Hotspot in New Delhi, India

It is a matter of concern that despite taking measures to control aromatic content in gasoline in India, the levels of volatile organic compounds are rising again in many of the Indian cities. The transport sector has been one of the major sectors which are re-sponsible for worsening the air quality of Delhi city. While thousands of toxic com-pounds are emitted from automobiles, industries, gasoline stations as well as service stations, however, volatile organic compounds are important due to their significant contribution to ozone formation, cancer, and non-cancer health risks. In this study, roadside levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) were investi-gated at the one of the major arterial road of Delhi city. Air samples were collected by activated coconut shell charcoal adsorbent tubes. The BTEX concentrations were de-termined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. The mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes were, respectively, 60.22, 162.68, 49.42 and 25.25 μg/m3. The relative concentration distribution pattern and mutual correlation analysis indicated that in BTEX had sources other than vehicle emission at the study site. The samples collected, showed that BTEX had significantly higher concentrations in winter than those in spring and summer.

NEW DELHI公司轮胎产量增长

NEW DELHI公司公布2005年3月份轮胎产量增长3％，达到5，271，000只，而去年同期的水平为5，135，000条。此外，3月份的出口量提高了14％。

Wave Dynamics of the Average Annual Temperature Surface Air Layer New Delhi for 1931-2021

The identification method revealed asymmetric fluctuations in the dynamics of the average annual temperature in New Delhi from 1931 to 2021,that is,for 90 years.An analysis of the wave patterns of climate until 2110 was carried out.Geotechnology of the Himalayan passage was proposed to reduce heat waves in India and China.Formulas containing four and 18 fluctuations were adopted for forecasting.Models give an increase in the heat wave from 2021,which is the fourth component.As a result,the landscape of the Himalayan mountains and the deserts of Thar and Takla Makan create a regional climate system that is original for the land of the Earth.In this system,oscillatory temperature adaptation in the future will be several times greater than the global warming rate predicted in the IPCC CMIP5 report.Between 2001 and 2019 the largest temperature increase wave maximum was observed in New Delhi at 0.65℃ in 2012-2013.In the sixth phase from 2036 to 2049,an ecological catastrophe will break out in New Delhi.According to calculations,the maximum value of the average annual temperature in New Delhi was 25.82℃ in 2017.Since then,the cooling has continued for four years,which will continue until 2028.The temperature will drop to 22.54℃ due to a change in solar activity by 3.28℃.Then by 2044,the average annual temperature in New Delhi will increase to 31.03℃,or the increment will be 31.03-22.54=8.49℃.In 2035,the climate in New Delhi will become hotter compared to 2021.The increase in the heat wave is noticeable.From 1931 to 2049 there will be six half-periods of cooling and warming:1)23;2)23;3)20;4)18;5)15;6)13 years old.The most dangerous is the sixth stage.It is proposed at the fifth stage for 15 years until 2037 in northern India to the Takla Makan desert in China to build a passage up to 350 km long,10 km-20 km wide and at least 4.5 km high.

NYIMA CERING:Painting Show in New Delhi

ＮＹＩＭＡＣＥＲＩＮＧ：ＰａｉｎｔｉｎｇＳｈｏｗｉｎＮｅｗＤｅｌｈｉＢＥＮＧＹＩＵｐ：ＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔＳａｔｏｆｔｈｅＡｌｌ－ＩｎｄｉａＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＡｒｔＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎａｔｔｅｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｐｅｎｉｎｇｃｅｒｅｍｏｎｙｆｏｒＮｙ...

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus:an emerging plant begomovirus threatening cucurbit production

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV),a bipartite begomovirus,was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to Cucurbitaceae crops.To date,the virus has been reported to infect more than 11 cucurbit crops,in 16 countries and regions,causing severe yield losses.In autumn 2022,ToLCNDV was first isolated from cucurbit plants in Southeastern coastal areas of China.Phylogenetic analysis established that these isolates belong to the Asian ToLCNDV clade,and shared high nucleotide identity and closest genetic relationship with the DNA-A sequence from the Chinese tomato-infecting ToLCNDV isolate(Accession no.OP356207)and the tomato New Delhi ToLCNDV-Severe isolate(Accession no.HM159454).In this review,we summarize the occurrence and distribution,host range,detection and diagnosis,control strategies,and genetic resistance of ToLCNDV in the Cucurbitaceae.We then summarize pathways that could be undertaken to improve our understanding of this emerging disease,with the objective to develop ToLCNDV-resistant cucurbit cultivars.

新德里番茄曲叶病毒的发生危害及阻截防控措施

新德里番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus,ToLCNDV)属双生病毒科,菜豆金色花叶病毒属,是近年来新发现的一种可侵染多种重要蔬菜、观赏植物、杂草和野生植物的病原物。1995年ToLCNDV首次在印度番茄上被报道,随后在巴基斯坦等亚洲国家发生危害,2012年以后传至西班牙等欧洲国家。我国首次于2010年在台湾地区报道了ToLCNDV。本文在收集相关资料的基础上,概述了该病毒的发生、分布与危害、分子特征、寄主范围、危害症状、传播方式和复合侵染现象,并提出了相应的阻截防控建议,以防范ToLCNDV在我国的传播扩散和危害。

New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Mediated Carbapenem Resistance： Origin, Diagnosis, Treatment and Public Health Concern

Objective： To review the origin, diagnosis, treatment and public health concern of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase （NDM）-producing bacteria. Data Sources： We searched database for studies published in English. The database of PubMed from 2007 to 2015 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term ＂NDM and Acinetobacter or Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.＂ Study Selection： We collected data including the relevant articles on international transmission, testing methods and treatment strategies of NDM-positive bacteria. Worldwide NDM cases were reviewed based on 22 case reports. Results： The first documented case of infection caused by bacteria producing NDM- 1 occurred in India, in 2008. Since then, 13 blaNDM variants have been reported. The rise of NDM is not only due to its high rate of genetic transfer among unrelated bacterial species, but also to human factors such as travel, sanitation and food production and preparation. With limited treatment options, scientists try to improve available therapies and create new ones. Conclusions： In order to slow down the spread of these NDM-positive bacteria, a series of measures must be implemented. The creation and transmission of blaNDM are potentially global health issues, which are not issues for one country or one medical community, but for global priorities in general and for individual wound care practitioners specifically.

First identification of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1： Chemical synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular simulation

New Delhi metallo-b-lactmase-1（NDM-1） catalyzes the hydrolysis of b-lactam antibiotics and cleaves the b-lactam ring of the molecule, conferring bacterial resistance against these medicines. In an effort to discover novel agents to treat this superbug, an old drug methisazone was found to be a weak NDM-1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 297.6 mmol/L. Based on this result, a series of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones（IBTs）were synthesized and biologically evaluated as novel NDM-1 inhibitors. Nine of the IBT compounds showed IC50 values of 〈10 mmol/L, the best of which was 2.72 mmol/L. Comparative field analysis（Co MFA） contour maps were generated to depict the structural features and molecular docking was performed to understand the possible binding mode of these inhibitors. The present research hereby has provided valuable information for further discovery of NDM-1 inhibitors.

Discovery of thiosemicarbazone derivatives as effective New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1(NDM-1) inhibitors against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates

New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase-1(NDM-1)is capable of hydrolyzing nearly allβ-lactam antibiotics,posing an emerging threat to public health.There are currently less effective treatment options for treating NDM-1 positive"superbug",and no promising NDM-1 inhibitors were used in clinical practice.In this study,structure eactivity relationship based on thiosemicarbazone derivatives wassystematically characterized and their potential activities combined with meropenem(MEM)were evaluated.Compounds 19 bg and 19 bh exhibited excellent activity against 10 NDM-positive isolate clinical isolates in reversing MEM resistance.Further studies demonstrated compounds 19 bg and 19 bh were uncompetitive NDM-1 inhibitors with Ki Z 0.63 and 0.44 mmol/L,respectively.Molecular docking speculated that compounds 19 bg and 19 bh were most likely to bind in the allosteric pocket which would affect the catalytic effect of NDM-1 on the substrate meropenem.Toxicity evaluation experiment showed that no hemolysis activities even at concentrations of 1000 mg/m L against red blood cells.In vivo experimental results showed combination of MEM and compound 19 bh was markedly effective in treating infections caused by NDM-1 positive strain and prolonging the survival time of sepsis mice.Our finding showed that compound 19 bh might be a promising lead in developing new inhibitor to treat NDM-1 producing superbug.

Molecular characterization of DENV-3 circulating during the post-monsoon period of 2013–14 in Delhi, India

Dear Editor,Dengue infection is one of the emerging concerns for public health on a global scale.Over the past few years,dengue transmission has increased in the Americas,the western Pacific and southeast Asia.The magnitude,distribution,and clinical severity of dengue outbreaks have been an alarming signal in the southeast Asia region.Major outbreaks have been reported in countries in

'Monkey Man' Hysteria Grips New Delhi Suburbs

印度的“人猴”闹得新德里不得安宁。5月17日新德里警方负责人不得不出面呼吁人们不要过度惊慌,并悬赏捉拿“人猴”。警方说当地居民闻猴色变,有人一听到“人猴”,就从屋顶往下跳。这种过度反应反倒造成了严重后果。 目前确信有18人受“人猴”袭击,大多被抓伤或咬伤。警方已经悬赏50000卢比捉拿“人猴”

瓜类作物新病毒——新德里番茄曲叶病毒

2022年在我国内地首次发现新德里番茄曲叶病毒(tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, ToLCNDV)侵染瓜类作物,造成毁灭性的危害。介绍该病毒的基本知识,包括症状、病毒基本特征、传播与分布、流行因素及防控方法,最后提出应对该病毒的一些建议。