Investigation of Demographic and Clinical Data of Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an important etiological factor causing chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular diseases and hypertension (HT). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the clinical information and demographic characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients who received treatment at our hospital for the last five years. Material and Method: Among 21400 people who sought care at Siirt State Hospital Urology and Nephrology Outpatient Clinics between January 2015 and January 2020 for various reasons, a total of 36 patients experiencing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease were included in the present research. Retrospective patient file access was used to gather demographic information and laboratory data. Results: The study included 36 patients in all, 25 (69.4%) male and 11 (30.6%) female. The patient’s average age was 50.8 ± 19.0. The average age at diagnosis was 43.4 ± 17.2. Family history was positive in 29 (80.5%) of the patients. There were hypertension in 27 (75.0%) patients, coronary artery disease in five (13.9%) patients, diabetes mellitus in five (13.9%) patients, left ventricular hypertrophy in 18 (50%) patients, proteinuria in 11 (30.6%) patients, and six (16.7%) patients had macroscopic hematuria. Liver cysts were found in 23 (63.9%) of the patients and nephrolithiasis in eight (22.2%). Discussion: Hypertension is the most common finding when clinical and demographic data of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are examined. Providing blood pressure control reduces the risk of death due to left ventricular hypertrophy and slows down the rate at which chronic kidney disease progresses. The rate was found to be 80.5% for patients with a positive family history. It may be possible to diagnose and treat people with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease earlier by screening their family members.

Towards Personalized Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） remains to be a grand challenge for the international community despite over a century of exploration. A key factor likely accounting for such a situation is the vast heterogeneity in the disease etiology, which involves very complex and divergent pathways. Therefore, intervention strategies shall be tailored for subgroups of AD patients. Both demographic and in-depth information is needed for patient stratification. The demographic information includes primarily APOE genotype, age, gender, education, environmental exposure, life style, and medical history, whereas in-depth information stems from genome sequencing, brain imaging, peripheral biomarkers, and even functional assays on neurons derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent cells （iPSCs）. Comprehensive information collection, better understanding of the disease mech- anisms, and diversified strategies of drug development would help with more effective intervention in the foreseeable future.