Anti-oxidation Activity in Vitro of Polysaccharides of Dendrobium Huoshanense and Dendrobium moniliforme

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the effects of polysaccharides of Dendrobium Huoshanense and Dendrobium moniliforme on oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in vitro. [ Method] The scavenging action on .OH of polysaccharides, the inhibition action on O2^- of polysaccharides, MDA production of lipid peroxidation were measured by Fenton reaction, self oxidation system of C6H3（ OH）3 and TBA method respectively. [ Result] The half scavenging concentration on ·OH of potysaccharides of Dendrobium Huoshanense and Dendrobium moniliforme was 6.79 and 6.75 mg/ml respectively. As to their half inhibition concentration on O2 , the data was 3, 04 and 3.44 mg/ml respectively. Two kinds of Dendrobium polysaccharides bothhad inhibitory actions on lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate induced by auto-oxidation and inducedoxidation, and they could alleviate oxidation damages of mice liver mitochondria induced by Vc-Fe2＋ system. [Conclusion] Two kinds of Dendrobium polysacchaddes both had remarkable anti-oxidation activity in vitro.

Microwave Technique for Polysaccharide Extraction from Dendrobium huoshanense

The effect of material granularity, extraction times, extraction time, mi-crowave power and solid-liquid ratio on the yield of polysaccharide of Dendrobium huoshanense in microwave-assisted extraction was discussed through single factor experiment. The key factors in polysaccharide extraction and the advantages over the traditional extraction method were studied based on orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the influences became unobvious with the promotion of the fac-tor’s level. The orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor in the mi-crowave-assisted extraction was that the sample was extracted for four times with an extraction time of 40 min under 550 W. Al these results would lay a founda-tion for exploring a new method for the extraction of polysaccharide from Dendrobi-um huoshanense.

Dendrobium huoshanense improves doxorubicin-induced heart failure in C57BL/6 mice

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shihu(Dendrobium huoshanense,DH)on doxorubicin(DOX)-induced heart failure in mice and the involved mechanisms.Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control(Ctrl)group,DOX group and DH group.Chronic heart failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin solution.Mice in DH group were fed normal chow containing DH powder for 4 weeks.After 4-week treatment,electrocardiograms were measured.At the end of experiment,serum and heart sample were collected for determination of indicators for heart failure indicators.The heart tissues were conducted HE,Masson,Sirius red staining and TUNEL staining to determine cardiac tissue morphology,fibrosis,collagen content and apoptosis,respectively.mRNA and protein expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results:DH reduced the DOX-induced serum biomarkers(creatine kinase,aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase)of heart damage and reduced heart fibrosis.Mechanically,DH inhibited myocardial apoptosis,decreased interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factoralevels,but increased superoxide dismutase 2 expression.Conclusion:DH alleviates DOX-induced chronic heart failure by inhibiting inflammatory pathway and enhancing anti-oxidative enzymes.Our study provides the potential of DH for heart failure treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dendrobium Huoshanense Polysaccharides on Carrageenan-Induced Air Pouch Synovitis in Mice

Objective:The purpose was to observe the anti-inflammatory effects of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides(DHPs)on carrageenan-induced sterile air pouch synovitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice were randomly and equally assigned to the control,carrageenan-induced air pouch synovitis model(model),and carrageenan-induced air pouch synovitis model+DHP(200 mg/kg of body weight)(model+DHP)groups.Mice in the model+DHP group were intragastrically administered 200 mg/kg BW of DHP solution daily for 10 days.Mice in the control and model groups were intragastrically administered the same amount of distilled water.Two hours after intragastric administration on day 10,1 mL of a 1%carrageenan solution in a sterile 0.9%saline solution was injected into the air pouch of mice in the model and model+DHP groups.Six hours later,the mice were sacrificed and 4 mL of ice-cold sterile 0.9%saline solution was injected into the air pouch to fully wash its inner wall.The lavage fluid was collected to observe the color and turbidity of the lavage fluid,as well as the appearance of the backside of the air pouch.The exudate volume,total number of leukocytes,protein content,levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity of the lavage fluid were analyzed.Results:The results showed that pretreatment with DHPs reduced the carrageenan-induced exudate volume(P<0.01),total leukocytes(P<0.05),and protein content(P<0.01)in the air pouch lavage fluid.Furthermore,mice in the model+DHP group had significantly higher(P<0.01)T-SOD activity and lower MDA content(P<0.05),IL-1β(P<0.05),and TNF-α(P<0.01)levels in the air pouch lavage fluid compared with the model group.Conclusion:It is concluded that DHPs partially alleviated carrageenan-induced sterile inflammation,and its mechanism may be related to reducing exudation and scavenging oxygen-free radicals,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,and reducing the level of the proinflammatory factors,such as IL-1βand TNF-α.

Plastome-wide comparison reveals new SNV resources for the authentication of Dendrobium huoshanense and its corresponding medicinal slice(Huoshan Fengdou)

Dendrobium species and their corresponding medicinal slices have been extensively used as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in many Asian countries. However, it is extremely difficult to identify Dendrobium species based on their morphological and chemical features. In this study, the plastomes of D. huoshanense were used as a model system to investigate the hypothesis that plastomic mutational hotspot regions could provide a useful single nucleotide variants(SNVs) resource for authentication studies. We surveyed the plastomes of 17 Dendrobium species, including the newly sequenced plastome of D. huoshanense. A total of 19 SNVs that could be used for the authentication of D. huoshanense were detected. On the basis of this comprehensive comparison, we identified the four most informative hotspot regions in the Dendrobium plastome that encompass ccsA to ndhF, matK to 3′trnG, rpoB to psbD, and trnT to rbcL. Furthermore, to established a simple and accurate method for the authentication of D. huoshanense and its medicinal slices, a total of 127 samples from 20 Dendrobium species including their corresponding medicinal slices(Fengdous) were used in this study. Our results suggest that D. huoshanense and its medicinal slices can be rapidly and unequivocally identified using this method that combines real-time PCR with the amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS).

Creation of Extension Knowledge Base System About Intelligent Detection in Dendrobium Huoshanense Photosynthesis Process

Aiming at the limitations of the existing knowledge representations in intelligent detection,a novel extension-based knowledge representation(EKR) is proposed.The definitions,grammar rules,and formal semantics of EKR are presented.A rhombus solving strategy(RSS) based on EKR is discussed in detail,including creation of the problem oriented model,extension operator,the solution formation of contradictions problem and extended inference of matter-element.A knowledge base system based on EKR and RSS is developed,which is applied in intelligent detection in the Dendrobium huoshanense photosynthesis process(DHPP).More reasonable results are obtained than traditional rule-based system.The EKR is feasible in intelligent detection to solve the limitations of traditional knowledge representations.