Study on Mechanism of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo in Preventing and Treating Exercise-induced Muscle Damage(EIMD)in Rats

[Objectives]This study was conducted to observe the mechanism of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on gastrocnemius muscle in rats with exercise-induced muscle damage(EIMD).[Methods]The micro-injury model of skeletal muscle was established by treadmill training.Forty two SD rats were randomly divided into a control group,1,12 and 24 h exercise groups,D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group,and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group,with 6 rats in each group.Various D.officinale groups were given the drug once in the morning and once in the evening at a dose of 2 ml/time,a week in advance.Except for the quiet group,the samples were collected from the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively,and the D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group were also sampled after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively.The contents of ATP,CK-MM and CK in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The histopathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle were observed by HE staining.PCR and Western-blot detection were carried out to analyze the effects of D.officinale on IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in gastrocnemius muscle.[Results]Compared with the quiet group,the ATP contents in the serum of rats in the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly increased(P<0.01).The expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the 1 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+1 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.05),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the 12 h exercise group,the D.officinale liquid+12 h exercise group showed a significant increase in ATP content(P<0.01),significant increases in IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue(P<0.01),and significant decreases in CK and CK-MM contents(P<0.01).Compared with the 24 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+24 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).From the pathological tissue morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats with EIMD treated with D.officinale,it could be concluded that the gastrocnemius muscle of each exercise group was significantly damaged,and the damage was significantly alleviated after administration of D.officinale liquid.[Conclusions]The effects and mechanism of D.officinale on prevention and treatment of EIMD in rats might be related to the promotion of IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in injured tissues by reducing ATP energy consumption,CK-MM and CK activity.

Efficacy Evaluation of 16% Validamycin·thifluzamide SC against Selerotium rolfsii in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

[Objective] The paper was to understand the control efficacy and the optimal dosage of 16% validamycin？thifluzamide SC on controlling Selerotium rolfsii in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. [Method] The control efficacy of 16% validamycin·thifluzamide SC against S.rolfsii was determined by spraying agents on the whole plant of D.officinale. The significance of differences was analyzed by Duncan＇s new multiple range test （DMRT）. [Result] The control efficacy of 16% validamycin.thifluzamide SC sprayed at the doses of 80-160 mg a.i./kg was 85.33% at 14 d post spraying, higher than that of control agent 4% validamycin AS sprayed at the dose of 80 mg a.i./kg （78.36%）, and equivalent to that of control agent 240 g/L thifluzamide SC sprayed at the dose of 120 mg a.i./kg （90.60%）. [Conclusion] 16% Validamycin·thifluzamide SC sprayed at the doses of 80-160 mg a.i./kg could effectively control the damage of S.rolfsii in D.officinale, and could be popularized in the production.

Functions of Plant Growth Substances in the Growth of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

[Objectives] To study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. [Methods] Comparative methods were applied to study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo. [Results] Plant growth regulators play an important role in the process of tissue culture rapid propagation of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and the main regulatory pathways are as follows.( i) Plant growth regulators promote the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes of its endogenous hormones.( ii) Plant growth regulators affect the accumulation of polysaccharide content in D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes in chlorophyll content and enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism.( iii) Plant growth regulators can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,to increase its stress resistance. [Conclusions]Using molecular biology techniques,combined with the changes of plant hormones in D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and analysis on key enzyme in the synthesis of plant hormones and gene expression,it is feasible to study the rules o changes in the content of active content of D. officinale Kimura et Migo.

Research Progress of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

The effects of light on the quality and related genes of Dendrobium officinale were summarized, and the main chemical components and pharmacological effects of D. officinale were analyzed. The biomass accumulation of D. officinale is related to light quality and light intensity. Monochromatic light quality can make polysaccharide accumulate, and mixed light quality can promote cell proliferation and component accumulation of D. officinale. Under different light intensity, the polysaccharide content of D. officinale is different, and it changes with the change of light intensity. When a certain intensity is exceeded, the polysaccharide content decreases with the increase of light intensity. The chemical components of D. officinale are polysaccharides, alkaloids, amino acids, volatile components, etc. The analysis of the growth and components of D. officinale provides reference and basis for improving the quality and chemical components of D. officinale and promotes the research and development of related products of D. officinale.

New Utilization Model of Karst Rocky Desertified Land in Southwest China:Ecological Planting of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on Bare Rocky Mountains

The Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou rocky desertified area in southwestern China is one of the contiguous extremely poor areas identified in the Outline of Poverty Alleviation and Development in the Rural Areas of China(2011-2020).In rocky desertified areas,due to long-term severe soil erosion,large areas of bedrock are exposed or gravels are accumulated.This bare rock and gravel-mulched land has become the main land type in the rocky mountains.Under normal circumstances,it cannot be directly used for agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fishery production,and is classified as land that is difficult to be utilized.In recent years,in Debao County,Baise City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,as a deeply impoverished county in the Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou rocky desertified area,a new land use model of karst rocky desertified land,that is,planting Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on bare rocky ground,has emerged,and certain poverty alleviation benefits have been achieved initially.In this article,on the basis of analyzing the suitability of planting D.officinale Kimura et Migo on karst rocky desertified land,the practice of planning D.officinale Kimura et Migo on the rocky desertified land in Debao County was elucidated,and then suggestions for reasonable promotion of ecological planting of D.officinale Kimura et Migo in karst rocky desertified areas were put forward.

Clinical Effect of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo from Longhushan on Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

[Objectives] To observe and compare the clinical effect and safety of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo from Longhushan on treatment of type 2 diabetes. [Methods] 90 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into group A,group B and control group by randomized control method. Group A adopted D. officinale Kimura et Migo and metformin hydrochloride; group B adopted D. officinale Kimura et Migo; the control group adopted metformin hydrochloride. The fasting plasma glucose( FPG) of 3 groups was measured before the treatment and 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks,8 weeks,10 weeks,and 12 weeks after the treatment,Hb A1 c was measured and diabetes symptom grade score was counted before the treatment and 12 weeks after treatment,observation indicators and clinical effect of 3 groups of patients were compared. [Results] The fasting plasma glucose level in group A was lower than that in other 2 groups,the difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 01),and there was no statistical significance in the difference between group B and the control group( P >0. 05); Hb A1 c of group A for 12 weeks after treatment was lower than that of other 2 groups,the difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 01),and there was no statistical significance in the difference between group B and the control group( P > 0. 05); the difference in diabetes symptom grade score of group A was greater than that in other 2 groups,the difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 01),and there was no statistical significance in the difference between group B and the control group( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions]D. officinale Kimura et Migo from Longhushan can effectively reduce the fasting plasma glucose level and Hb A1 c of type 2 diabetic patients and effectively improve the symptoms of patients; clinical application of D. officinale Kimura et Migo has equivalent effect with metformin hydrochloride,and combination of D. officinale Kimura et Migo with metformin hydrochloride has better effect than single use.

中药石斛研究的回顾与展望

中药石斛基原复杂,其主流品种有霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng、铁皮石斛D.officinale Kimura et Migo、金钗石斛D.nobile Lindl.,《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2005年版石斛项下增加了“及其近似种”的描述,难以确定具体物种,有必要对其进一步正本清源。对石斛属的起源进行本草考证,对霍山石斛、铁皮石斛、金钗石斛的本草起源进行梳理,为不同石斛属药材的应用提供参考。霍山石斛是最早作为中药石斛应用的品种,高效液相色谱法特征图谱等方法为《中国药典》2020年版收录霍山石斛提供了技术支撑;铁皮石斛应为石斛药材中应用时间最久、范围最广的品种,其主要为浙江、云南、贵州,以及广东、广西、福建、江西等地丹霞地貌上生长的种群,应高度重视并对其进行保护;D.nobile在历代文献中的中文名称混乱,应明确将其作为金钗石斛的拉丁学名。枫斗是我国名贵中药和传统保健品,起源于霍山石斛。古代名医对霍山石斛、铁皮石斛、金钗石斛、川石斛的用法各有特色,建议厘清品种来源、功效,加强现代研究,在修订《中国药典》时将其各自单列,充分发挥中药石斛的临床价值。

缺素及缺素恢复对铁皮石斛组培苗的影响

为探究12种必需矿质元素(包括N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo)对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)生长及生理指标的影响,以铁皮石斛3个月组培苗为材料,以MS培养基为基础设置全营养对照(CK)、单一缺素处理和缺素恢复处理,分析各处理条件下铁皮石斛的表型特征和生理变化。结果显示:缺N、P、Ca、Cu、Zn处理组铁皮石斛组培苗缺素症状明显,整株的生长状态及叶片和假鳞茎的解剖结构均受到影响;除Zn外,其他元素缺素恢复处理后症状均得到明显改善。缺N、K、Ca、S、Zn处理组假鳞茎长及缺N、Ca处理组的叶片数受抑制明显。除P外,其他元素缺素处理组叶片叶绿素含量明显降低,多数缺素恢复处理组叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量较缺素处理组极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)升高;缺Fe处理组的叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量的比值明显降低,恢复处理后接近于CK。除Fe外,其他微量元素缺素处理对叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性抑制明显,而缺大量元素处理组的SOD活性均不同程度升高;缺P处理组的过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显降低,而缺N、Mg、S、Mn、Zn、Cu处理组的POD活性明显升高,除Mn外,其他元素缺素恢复处理组的POD活性均升高。缺N、P可大幅提高叶片可溶性糖含量,缺N、Mn、Cu可大幅提高叶片可溶性蛋白质含量。缺N、Cu处理组假鳞茎多糖含量大幅高于CK,Ca、Mo缺素恢复处理组假鳞茎多糖含量较缺素处理组极显著升高;缺Mg处理组假鳞茎总黄酮含量大幅高于CK。综上,在保证铁皮石斛正常生长的前提下,可通过Ca、Mo缺素恢复处理来提高铁皮石斛假鳞茎多糖含量,通过适量缺Mg处理来提高铁皮石斛假鳞茎总黄酮含量。

铁皮石斛miR168分子进化特征及响应蓝激光表达分析

笔者在关于铁皮石斛miRNA组学研究中发现较多响应蓝激光的miRNA,挑选关键且差异表达的miR168进行分子进化特征及其响应蓝激光表达分析。经对前体和成熟体分类统计、进化树构建、靶基因预测、启动子顺示作用元件及响应不同光质表达等进行分析,结果显示:miR168家族成员分布在40个植物物种中,前体和成熟体成员较少,其在植物中可能进化得不够完整;物种特异性是影响miR168前体进化特性的重要因素,而序列保守性是影响成熟体进化特性的主要因素;由3p臂上形成的miR168成熟体序列有较高特异性、5p臂形成的成熟体的序列保守性较高;Mfold和Rfam预测表明铁皮石斛miR168茎序列的保守性高于环序列,前体发卡结构较多,成熟体位置位于3p臂上,既包含茎序列也包含环序列;铁皮石斛miR168a的启动子主要包括光、激素、生物和非生物胁迫响应元件,可能通过这些顺式元件在其响应蓝激光中起调控作用;铁皮石斛响应蓝激光的靶基因主要包括ABC转运蛋白B家族成员、乙酰辅酶A乙酰转移酶等,主要参与植物生长发育和响应外界因素。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,铁皮石斛miR168a与其靶基因gene-MA16_Dca006149、gene-MA16_Dca020995、gene-MA16_Dca017821参与蓝激光对铁皮石斛的影响。

韶关丹霞地貌铁皮石斛野生资源调查与生境分析

目的:调查广东韶关丹霞地貌现存铁皮石斛野生资源的生存现状,为野生铁皮石斛就地保护、回归保育及仿野生栽培提供参考。方法:对国内铁皮石斛野生资源情况进行整理,基于本课题组近10年来对广东韶关丹霞地貌野生铁皮石斛资源分布和生境开展的跟踪调查,对11个调查地点的海拔、朝向、铁皮石斛数量、坡位、坡向进行分析,探讨丹霞地貌野生铁皮石斛植物形态和生境特点。结果:调查记录了广东韶关丹霞地貌中的野生铁皮石斛300余丛,约3000 g,处于极度濒危状态;实地观察发现,野生铁皮石斛茎多呈紫红色,长5~10 cm,有“形似蚱蜢髀”的茎条,叶铁锈色斑点明显;丹霞地貌的野生铁皮石斛大多生长在海拔100~500 m的丹霞崖壁中部或近坡顶处,常与苔藓和地衣伴生,一般生长在东南至西南朝向、通风良好、傍水潮湿的丹霞岩壁上,且半阳偏阴、温凉高湿环境下长势较好。结论:野外考察证实,《本草经集注》中记载的“今用石斛出始兴”的石斛为铁皮石斛,其药用历史在1500年以上;丹霞地貌的铁皮石斛为目前国内铁皮石斛的主要种源之一;野生丹霞铁皮石斛因自身繁殖率低、人为长期采摘等原因,现已极度濒危,亟须开展铁皮石斛野生资源的调查与保护工作。

3种药用植物利用石蜡切片和冰冻切片制片的效果比较研究

目的:优选出不同状态(新鲜、干燥)及不同药用部位的不同药用植物(滇重楼、密脉鹅掌柴、铁皮石斛)最适宜的制片方法,提高横切面组织装片制备效率。方法:采用不同防冰晶形成保护剂(不处理、蔗糖和甘油)处理新鲜材料并进行冰冻切片,采用甘油软化干燥材料并进行石蜡切片,比较不同前处理条件和两种制片方法的制片效果。结果:新鲜材料中,密脉鹅掌柴的茎叶,滇重楼的根茎、茎、叶采用甘油溶液做保护剂效果较佳,而铁皮石斛适用蔗糖磷酸缓冲溶液做保护剂;滇重楼的须根用石蜡切片法可获得组织结构完整的装片。此外,经甘油溶液软化,滇重楼的干燥根茎和密脉鹅掌柴的干燥叶可获得质量较好的石蜡切片。结论:质地稍硬的新鲜药材用甘油溶液处理后采用冰冻切片可以获取较为理想的效果;质地柔软的新鲜药材可不经任何处理或经蔗糖磷酸缓冲液浸泡后采用冰冻切片;干燥药材或含淀粉类药材采用石蜡切片法可获得理想的切片效果。

四川野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局的动态演化

目的:阐释自然环境下野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局及生活史特征,为铁皮石斛原地保护、回归保育和仿野生栽培提供参考。方法:以四川省石棉县收集的114丛野生株丛为研究材料,比较不同等级株丛生长情况差异,并对可明确辨别丛龄的74个实生小株丛合轴生长及花序柄(或花序柄痕)残留情况进行观察,探讨野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局及生活史特征。结果:野生铁皮石斛假鳞茎茎节数、茎长、株丛根数、根长和根粗随假鳞茎数量增加而增加,但茎粗无明显变化规律;实生小株丛的第一年茎(种子萌发茎)和第二年茎(分蘖茎)生长缓慢、短小,完成由种子到种子的生活史周期约需4年或更长;高位腋芽较少,高芽繁殖并非该野生铁皮石斛居群的主要繁殖方式,其通过合轴生长的分蘖繁殖扩大株丛并实施有性繁殖,株丛生长到一定阶段开始衰退。结论:四川省石棉县有野生铁皮石斛分布。株丛调查表明,野生铁皮石斛主要通过种子萌发的实生苗及分蘖繁殖实现种群更新。建议利用铁皮石斛果实里种子数量大的优势积极开展原生境播种和回归保育,对川产石斛资源发掘(含文化挖掘)、保护及可持续利用进行了探讨。

NaCl浓度对铁皮石斛次生代谢物的影响

为探索不同浓度的盐胁迫对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)次生代谢物含量的影响,设置0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L NaCl对铁皮石斛进行盐胁迫处理。结果表明,不同浓度的盐胁迫对铁皮石斛体内次生代谢物含量的影响有所差异,50~100 mmol/L NaCl处理可使铁皮石斛体内类黄酮、氨基酸和总酚等次生代谢物含量明显增加,50 mmol/L NaCl处理可使铁皮石斛体内总多糖含量明显增加,活性成分有效提高,中药材价值极大增强。

遮阴对铁皮石斛生长与品质的影响

为了明确铁皮石斛农艺性状和糖类成分之间的相互关系,为铁皮石斛种植和新品种选育提供理论依据,探讨了遮阴对铁皮石斛农艺性状与糖类成分积累的影响,测定遮阴条件下铁皮石斛农艺性状和糖类成分的变化情况,并对农艺性状与糖类成分进行相关性分析、多元回归分析和通径分析。结果表明:遮阴组的叶长、叶宽、纤维素、半纤维素显著小于对照组,而茎粗、生物量、可溶性多糖含量、甘露糖含量、甘露糖/葡萄糖值显著大于对照组;对生物量负向影响最大的是叶数(-0.840);对可溶性多糖含量正向影响最大的是茎长(0.864);对甘露糖/葡萄糖值负向作用最大的是茎长(-1.230),其次是茎粗(-0.427)。可见遮阴处理能显著提高铁皮石斛甘露糖含量以及甘露糖/葡萄糖值,减少粗纤维的积累,从而促进了石斛茎粗的生长和生物量的积累。因此,可将遮阴处理适时应用于铁皮石斛人工种植中,生产中也可以通过控制茎长、茎粗等性状指标来筛选高品质、高产量的铁皮石斛品种。

两种石斛对干旱胁迫及复水的生理响应

目的:探究金钗石斛和铁皮石斛对水分亏缺环境的适应能力和机制,为其仿生栽培提供理论支持。方法:通过盆栽控水进行持续干旱胁迫和复水处理,研究两种石斛叶片渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律。结果:随着持续干旱时间的延长,金钗石斛叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈持续上升的趋势,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈逐渐降低的趋势;铁皮石斛叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、MDA含量、POD活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,SOD活性和CAT活性呈持续上升的趋势,而脯氨酸含量在干旱初期小幅下降后也呈持续升高的趋势。复水后,到复水20 d时,金钗石斛叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性均已恢复并降低到充分供水时以下水平,而脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、SOD活性和POD活性仍略高于充分供水时;铁皮石斛叶片可溶性蛋白含量、MDA含量和CAT活性均已恢复并降低到充分供水时以下水平,而可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性和POD活性仍略高于充分供水时。结论:两种石斛均具有较强的干旱耐受能力和干旱胁迫后恢复能力。

铁皮石斛的黄酮类成分测定及其生物可及性研究

为探究铁皮石斛中黄酮类化合物的含量及其生物可及性,建立固相萃取超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定17个黄酮单体的含量,并采用体外模拟消化法分析铁皮石斛在消化过程中黄酮类化合物的生物可及性。结果表明,铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量为1.52~4.36 mg·g^(-1),柚皮素、芦丁和夏佛塔苷是其中含量较高的3种黄酮单体。模拟胃小肠消化后,总黄酮的生物可及性为13.75%~21.45%,柚皮素、芦丁和夏佛塔苷的生物可及性分别为8.23%~18.37%、1.85%~22.87%和24.26%~42.65%;进一步结肠消化后,总黄酮的生物可及性为6.38%~14.13%,柚皮素、芦丁和夏佛塔苷的生物可及性分别为2.12%~5.67%、1.42%~5.70%和5.34%~13.33%,黄酮类化合物在胃小肠中的生物可及性大于结肠。铁皮石斛75%乙腈提取液的抗氧化能力>胃小肠消化液的抗氧化能力>结肠消化液的抗氧化能力,且抗氧化能力与黄酮类化合物的含量呈显著正相关。

基于熵权法和灰色关联度法的铁皮石斛质量评价

目的通过熵权法结合灰色关联度法对铁皮石斛药材进行质量评价。方法测定20批铁皮石斛水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物、多糖和甘露糖含量,通过熵权法进行灰色关联度法分析,构建多指标综合质量评价模型。结果20批铁皮石斛的相对关联度为0.2282~0.4960。不同批次的药材质量之间存在差异,其中湖南崀山的铁皮石斛相对关联度最大,质量排序高,说明该地药材质量最佳。结论基于熵权法结合灰色关联度法所建立的质量评价体系能用于铁皮石斛的质量评价。

吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯在铁皮石斛中的残留及其对黄酮含量的影响

为了解吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯在铁皮石斛中的残留动态及吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯对铁皮石斛中黄酮含量的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置了吡唑醚菌酯推荐低剂量(T1)、吡唑醚菌酯推荐高剂量(T2)、嘧菌酯推荐低剂量(T3)、嘧菌酯推荐高剂量(T4)和空白对照(CK)5个处理,采用QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法和紫外分光光度计检测法,测定铁皮石斛中吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯的残留量和黄酮含量.结果表明:(1)建立的方法准确度及灵敏度良好,平均回收率为88.85%~117.50%,相对标准偏差为1.75%~13.92%,满足铁皮石斛中吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯残留检测要求.(2)通过盆栽试验发现,吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯在铁皮石斛中消解速率较慢,半衰期分别为110.45~145.45d和68.42~170.39d.90d时,T1和T2处理组在铁皮石斛中消解率和残留量分别为45.65%、5.23mg·kg^(-1)和40.70%、7.65mg·kg^(-1);T3和T4处理组在铁皮石斛中消解率和残留量分别为61.23%、2.51mg·kg^(-1)和36.56%、5.50mg·kg^(-1).(3)通过对90d铁皮石斛样品中黄酮含量的检测发现,吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯处理在短时间内可显著提高铁皮石斛中黄酮含量,随着时间延长黄酮含量趋于稳定.

铁皮石斛化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的 研究铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)的化学成分。方法 铁皮石斛的体积分数70%乙醇提取物经大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS、toyopearl HW-40、葡聚糖凝胶等进行分离纯化,根据光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从铁皮石斛中分离到19个单体化合物,分别鉴定为5-羟甲基糠醛(1)、(-)-丁香脂素(2)、丁香酸(3)、对羟基苯丙酸(4)、dendrocandin U(5)、柚皮素(6)、pyrrolezanthine-6-methyl ether(7)、香草酸(8)、(+)-lyoniresinol(9)、N-反式桂皮酸酰对羟基苯乙胺(10)、icariol A_2(11)、dendronbibisline B(12)、对羟基苯丙酰酪胺(13)、pollenfuran B(14)、5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol(15)、4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯基葡萄糖苷(16)、citrusin C(17)、(+)-丁香脂素-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18)和1-甲基-3-苯丙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(19)。结论 化合物7、9、11、12、14、15、19为首次从铁皮石斛中分离得到。

活性炭和香蕉对铁皮石斛组培苗抗病性的影响

为探讨活性炭和香蕉对铁皮石斛组培的影响,分别采用基本培养基(1/2 MS+蔗糖30 g/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L)、基本培养基+香蕉100 g/L、基本培养基+活性炭1 g/L、基本培养基+活性炭1 g/L+香蕉100 g/L对2个月大的铁皮石斛原球茎幼苗进行培养。6个月后进行表型对比,并通过实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测与抗病相关的基因DoNPR1的相对表达量。结果显示,活性炭使铁皮石斛生长变慢,叶片更加翠绿,而香蕉则能很好地促进铁皮石斛的生长,植株更加粗壮,加香蕉的铁皮石斛DoNPR1表达量最高,加入香蕉可有效增加其抗病性,提高炼苗和移栽过程中的成活率。