Operation of three parallel AN/AO processes to enrich denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria for low strength wastewater treatment

Three parallel anaerobic-anoxic/anaerobic-aerobic （AN/AO） processes were developed to enrich denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria （DPB） for low strength wastewater treatment. The main body of the parallel AN/AO process consists of an AN （anaerobic-anoxic） process and an AO （anaerobic-aerobic） process. In the AO process, the common phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） was dominate, while in the AN process, DPB was dominate, The volume of anaerobic zone（Vana）：anoxie zone（Vano） ： aerobic zone （Vaer） for the parallel AN/AO process is 1：1：1 in contrast with a Vana：Vaer and Vano：Vaer of 1：2 and 1：4 for a traditional biological nutrient removal process （BNR）. Process 3 excels in the 3 processes on the basis of COD, TN and TP removal. For 4 month operation, the effluent COD concentration of process 3 did not exceed 60 mg/L; the effluent TN concentration of process 3 was lower than 15 mg/L; and the effluent TP concentration of process 3 was lower than 1 mg/L.

Identification and Metabolic Mechanism of Non-fermentative Short-cut Denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria

To investigate the characteristics and metabolic mechanism of short-cut denitrifying phospho- rus-removing bacteria （SDPB） that are capable of enhanced biological phosphorus removal （EBPR） using nitrite as an electron acceptor, an aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor was operated under three phases. An SDPB-strain YC was screened after the sludge enrichment and was identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Denitrifying phosphorus-removing experiments were conducted to study anaerobic and anoxic metabolic mechanisms by analyzing the changes of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, phosphate, nitrite, poly-fl-hydroxybutyrate （PHB）, and glycogen. The results show that strain YC is a non-fermentative SDPB similar to Paracoccus denitrificans. As a kind of non-fermentative bacteria, the energy of strain YC was mainly generated from phosphorus release （96.2%） under anaerobic conditions with 0.32 mg P per mg synthesized PHB. Under anoxic conditions, strain YC accumulated 0.45 mg P per mg degraded PHB, which produced most of energy for phosphate accumulation （91.3%） and a little for glycogen synthesis （8.7%）. This metabolic mechanism of strain YC is different from that of traditional phosphorus-accumulating organisms （PAOs）. It is also found that PHB, a kind of intracellular polymer, plays a very important role in denitrifying and accumulating phosphorus by supplying sufficient energy for phosphorous accumulation and carbon sources for denitrification. Therefore, monitoring AP/APHB and ANO2 -N/APHB is more necessary than monitoring AP/ACOD, ANO2 -N/ACOD, or AP / ANO2 -N.

Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated. Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrifying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.

Characteristics of anoxic phosphors removal in sequence batch reactor

The characteristics of anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake were investigated in sequencing batch reactors using denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria （DPB） sludge. The lab-scale experiments were accomplished under conditions of various nitrite concentrations （5.5, 9.5, and 15 mg/L） and mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） （1844, 3231, and 6730 mg/L）. The results obtained confirmed that nitrite, MLSS, and pH were key factors, which had a significant impact on anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake in the biological phosphorous removal process. The nitrites were able to successfully act as electron acceptors for phosphorous uptake at a limited concentration between 5.5 and 9.5 mg/L. The denitrification and dephosphorous were inhibited when the nitrite concentration reached 15 mg/L. This observation indicated that the nitrite would not inhibit phosphorus uptake before it exceeded a threshold concentration. It was assumed that an increase of MLSS concentration from 1844 mg/L to 6730 mg/L led to the increase of denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rate. On the contrary, the average P-uptake/N denitrifying reduced from 2.10 to 1.57 mg PO4^3--P/mg NO3^--N. Therefore, it could be concluded that increasing MLSS of the DEPHANOX system might shorten the reaction time of phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake. However, excessive MLSS might reduce the specific denitrifying rate. Meanwhile, a rapid pH increase occurred at the beginning of the anoxic conditions as a result of denitrification and anoxic phosphate uptake. Anaerobic P release rate increased with an increase in pH. Moreover, when pH exceeded a relatively high value of 8.0, the dissolved P concentration decreased in the liquid phase, because of chemical precipitation. This observation suggested that pH should be strictly controlled below 8.0 to avoid chemical precipitation if the biological denitrifying phosphorus removal capability is to be studied accurately.

DPB污泥浓度对反硝化除磷的影响

为了进一步了解反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)污泥质量浓度(MLSS)对反硝化除磷过程的影响,进行一系列厌氧、缺氧模拟试验,研究考察DPB污泥的MLSS对厌氧释磷、缺氧反硝化吸磷的影响。结果表明:MLSS越高,释、吸磷速率及反硝化速率越高;MLSS对释、吸磷比速率和反硝化比速率的影响较小;厌氧总释磷量由污水中可利用COD的多少决定,DPB污泥的MLSS只影响到达释磷平衡的时间;污水中含氮量偏低引起反硝化吸磷段NO3-不足时,DPB污泥厌氧释磷量高于反硝化吸磷量,MLSS越高经缺氧反硝化吸磷处理后水中含磷量越高。

Anoxic Biological Phosphorus Uptake in A^2O Process

A lab-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process used to treat a synthetic brewage wastewater was investigated. The objectives of the study were to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in A2O bioreactors. Sludge analysis confirmed that the average anoxic P uptake accounted for approximately 70% the total amount of P uptake, and the ratio of anoxic P uptake rate to aerobic P uptake rate was 69%. In addition, nitrate concentration in the anoxic phase and different organic substrate introduced into the anaerobic phase had significant effect on the anoxic P uptake. Compared with conventional A2O processes, good removal efficiencies of COD, phosphorus, ammonia and total nitrogen (92.3%, 95.5%, 96% and 79.5%, respectively) could be achieved in the anoxic P uptake system, and aeration energy consumption was saved 25%. By controlling the nitrate recirculation flow in the anoxic zone, anoxic P uptake could be enhanced, which solved the competition for organic substrates among poly-P organisms and denitrifiers successfully under the COD limiting conditions. Therefore, in wastewater treatment plants the control system should be applied according to the practical situation to optimize the operation.

Denitrification and Dephosphatation by Anaerobic/Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactor

Removal of denitrifying phosphorus was verified in a laboratory anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR). The results obtained demonstrated that the anaerobic/anoxic strategy can enrich the growth of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and take up phosphate under anoxic condition by using nitrate as the electron acceptor. The phosphorus removal efficiency was higher than 90% and the effluent phosphate concentration was lower than 1 mg·L-1 after the A/A SBR was operated in a steady-state. When the chemical oxygen demand(COD) of influent was lower than 180mg· L-1, the more COD in the influent was, the higher efficiency of phosphorus removal could be attained under anoxic condition. However, simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrate would be detrimental to denitrifying phosphorus removal. Result of influence of sludge retention time (SRT) on denitrifying phosphorus removal suggested that the decrease of SRT caused a washout of DPB and consequently the enhanced biological phosphorus removal decreased with 8 days SRT. When the SRT was restored to 16 days, however, the efficiency of phosphorus removal was higher than 90%.

Influence of carbon source and temperature on the denitrifying phosphorus removal process

To supply the valuable operating parameters for the popular usage of the new denitrifying phosphors removal process,it is essential to study the dominant biochemical reactions and the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria(DPB).Thus,parallel batch experiments using DPB sludge were carried out to assess the effect of substrates(sewage,HAc,and endogenous carbon source)on denitrifying dephosphorus removal efficiency in this study.The results showed that the initial specific phosphorus release rate increased with the high concentration of the short-chain volatile fatty acids ratio in the influent,and sufficient phos-phorus was released by DPB.This improved the subsequent denitrification and phosphorus uptake efficiency.The specific endogenous denitrification mainly relies on the internal carbon source(PHB)stored by poly-P bacteria.Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria were very hungry when the internal PHB was consumed.Consequently,the specific endogenous denitrification rate was low and the phosphorus uptake did not happen.On the other hand,in the experiment,the denitrifying phosphorus removal performance under two temperature conditions(8-10°C and 25-26°C)was also investigated and analyzed.It was found that the lower temperature decreased the specific phosphorus release and uptake rate,but did not inhibit the denitrifying phosphorus removal completely.Therefore,the negative influence of the low temperature on the overall phosphorus removal was not significant.

亚硝酸盐为电子受体反硝化除磷工艺的可行性

采用序批式反应器(SBR),以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,探讨了厌氧/缺氧条件下反硝化除磷工艺的可行性,并通过间歇实验考察了亚硝酸盐浓度、进水COD浓度和进水pH值对反硝化除磷工艺的影响.结果表明,亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的同步脱氮除磷过程是完全可以实现的,控制NO2--N浓度为35±5mg/L、厌氧段进水pH值为8.0±0.1,缺氧段进水pH值为7.2±0.1、COD浓度为400mg/L时,反硝化除磷效果最佳.

污水有机碳源特征及温度对反硝化聚磷的影响

为考察A2N连续流系统的主导生化反应过程及聚磷污泥的诸多特性,从而为反硝化除磷脱氮新工艺的应用推广提供可供参考的运行控制参数,首次采用A2N系统中的反硝化聚磷污泥(DPB污泥),以生活污水、乙酸以及细胞内碳源作为有机底物,利用批量静态试验展开对比研究.结果表明,污水中的挥发性有机物含量越高,厌氧段初始的放磷速率越快,放磷越充分,后续反硝化脱氮和缺氧吸磷效果也将明显提高;而内源反硝化脱氮速率决定于细胞内PHB贮存量,当反硝化聚磷微生物细胞体内的PHB被耗尽,微生物处于极度饥饿状态,内源反硝化速率很低,同时也不发生吸磷反应.试验同时考察分析了2种温度条件———正常温度(25～26℃)和低温(8～10℃)下DPB的反硝化吸磷情况,发现反应系统在低温条件下将减小厌氧放磷和缺氧吸磷的生化反应速率,但并不对反硝化聚磷菌产生完全抑制作用,即低温对系统整体吸磷效果的负面影响不大.

一体化生物除磷脱氮技术——反硝化除磷

介绍了一种高效、节能的生物除磷脱氮技术-反硝化除磷。通过与传统生物除磷技术的比较,总结反硝化除磷的机理、影响因素并探讨它在脱氮好氧颗粒污泥中的应用。

序批式生物膜法反硝化除磷特性及其机理

探讨了序批式生物膜法反硝化除磷特性及其机理.采用31P-NMR谱图,说明序批式生物膜在缺氧条件下与在好氧条件下相同,无机磷酸盐被转化成聚磷酸盐而贮存,证实了反硝化除磷的机理;在缺氧段反硝化吸磷速率较好氧吸磷速率明显降低,约为好氧吸磷速率的1/6;优势菌依顺序为假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属.

反硝化聚磷菌的培养富集及处理生活污水的稳定运行

在厌氧-好氧交替运行的序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)中,以C/P比大于50的实际生活污水为进水,成功驯化富集聚磷菌,平均厌氧释磷量为15 mg·L^-1,出水PO4^3--P浓度稳定小于0.5 mg·L^-1。在系统运行的第74 d调整运行模式为厌氧-缺氧-好氧,在缺氧开始时短期投加NO3^--N配水以驯化培养反硝化聚磷菌。保持系统内NO3^--N浓度不变,在进水COD浓度为250 mg·L^-1时,反硝化除磷效果最佳,平均反硝化除磷量占除磷量的比为87.1%。不同pH下反硝化除磷速率的小试证明,在pH=7.0时得到最大的比吸磷速率2.1 mg P·(g VSS·h)^-1。此时调整NO3--N进水为另一个全程硝化反应器的出水,并加大排水比增加缺氧初的进水量使得反应器内缺氧时的pH接近7.0,与未改变pH时对比表明前者在缺氧段反硝化除磷速率加快。反应器共运行160 d,稳定完成COD的去除与反硝化除磷过程。

新型双污泥反硝化除磷工艺的初步研究

介绍了基于反硝化除磷理论的双污泥工艺(A2N工艺),分析了传统双污泥工艺的优点和影响因素。摒弃了固有工艺流程冗长,基建费用过高;工艺出水氨氮过高等缺陷。在深入分析的基础上,设计了新型的双污泥工艺,缩短了工艺流程,提高了出水水质。改进后的工艺不仅可以解决同步脱氮除磷的问题,而且可用于再生水的生产。目前该工艺正在小试中,运行良好。

A2N双污泥反硝化除磷系统微生物的先间歇后连续培养及快速启动

以实际生活污水为对象,研究了反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)的驯化培养以及A2N双污泥反硝化除磷系统的快速启动.采用先独立培养反硝化聚磷菌和好氧硝化生物膜再连续运行的方式成功地快速启动了A2N系统.采用污水处理厂除磷工艺中的活性污泥为种泥,在SBR系统中以先A/O(厌氧/好氧)后A/A(厌氧/缺氧)的方式运行,32 d成功地使反硝化聚磷菌成为优势菌属.在SBR反应器中,采用硝化效果较好的活性污泥为种泥,好氧硝化生物膜30 d挂膜成功,氨氮去除率稳定在99%以上.然后,A2N系统连续运行,11 d后系统反硝化除磷效果进入稳定状态,出水氨氮和正磷酸盐浓度均为0,硝态氮为10.26 mg/L,出水COD为19.56 mg/L,COD、氨氮、总氮和磷去除率分别为91%、100%、77%和100%,说明A2N系统具有很好的脱氮除磷效果,认为系统启动成功.

生物反硝化除磷技术研究进展

综述了反硝化除磷技术的基本理论,各种反硝化除磷工艺的特点,反硝化除磷微生物学的研究情况以及对其机理与数学模型研究的发展。

A_2N反硝化脱氮除磷工艺厌氧释磷的影响因素

利用富含反硝化聚磷菌的厌氧污泥进行静态释磷试验,探讨了A2N双污泥工艺中反硝化聚磷菌厌氧释磷的影响因素。试验结果表明:适当提高温度有助于厌氧释磷;增加污泥浓度(MLSS)和碳源浓度,可以有效强化厌氧释磷效果;碳源类型与厌氧释磷密切相关,投加醋酸钠的效果最佳。

反硝化聚磷菌的驯化富集及其分子生物学特性

采用从厌氧/好氧(A/O)运行方式快速诱导普通聚磷菌(PAOs)到厌氧/缺氧(A/An)的反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)强化富集的驯化方式,并对5个不同驯化阶段内(1#:原污水厂污泥;2#~5#:两驯化阶段中、后期的污泥菌种)聚磷菌的16S rDNA特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增产物进行了变形梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)及生物多样性分析.结果表明,采用两阶段强化富集诱导DPB的驯化方式,获得了DPB菌的成功富集;在驯化最后阶段分离得到了Clostridium sp.和Beta proteobacterium,前者为革兰氏阳性的高效除磷菌属,后者为革兰氏阴性的变型杆菌,为严格厌氧的聚磷微生物.同时还检测到大量未经培养菌种,其菌种特性还有待进一步的考究.

城市可持续污水生物处理技术

针对传统污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术存在的问题,提出了可持续污水处理的概念,介绍了国内外生物脱氮除磷领域开发的若干新工艺,为水处理工艺选择提供了新思路、新方法,在此基础上提出了城市可持续污水生物处理工艺。

MBR-厌氧/缺氧交替工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

提出一种提高生活污水脱氮除磷的交替式厌氧/缺氧-膜生物反应器(A-A/A-M)工艺.该工艺由一个交替缺氧/厌氧反应池和内置膜过滤单元的好氧池组成.通过改变好氧池底部回流污泥流向使缺氧和厌氧环境在两个独立反应器(A和B)内依次形成,以实现同步缺氧反硝化脱氮、厌氧释磷及反硝化聚磷菌的部分吸磷等过程.好氧反应器采用连续曝气方式实现硝化、过量吸磷及膜污染的控制.结果表明:A-A/A-M工艺可以实现污染物的高效去除,对COD,TN,TP的平均去除率分别达到93%,67.4%和94.1%.