Denonvilliers筋膜的应用解剖学研究进展

Denonvilliers筋膜作为盆底筋膜之一,全程走行复杂并毗邻许多重要结构,与前列腺、直肠系膜及神经血管束等结构关系密切,因而在盆腔炎症、肿瘤、外伤时常受累。完善Denonvilliers筋膜解剖学资料有助于指导肛肠外科、泌尿外科和妇产科的手术,减少手术并发症。本文就Denonvilliers筋膜应用解剖学的研究进展综述如下。

低位直肠癌根治术中Denonvilliers筋膜切除的争议

结直肠癌是人类消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类的身体健康,其治疗措施仍是以外科为主的综合治疗。然而结直肠癌术后出现的排尿和性功能障碍发生率一直居高不下,严重影响了病人术后的生活质量。目前外科学界对于直肠前方手术层面Denonvilliers筋膜保留与否仍存在争议。该文就直肠癌术中Denonvilliers筋膜保留的必要性依据进行详细阐述,并就如何完成保留Denonvilliers筋膜直肠癌根治术进行详细讲解。笔者认为:Denonvilliers筋膜是独立的解剖学结构,其周围具有丰富的神经丛,一旦切除该筋膜易造成排尿和性功能障碍,因此不应在直肠癌根治术中进行一并切除。该筋膜的后方存在较为稀疏的结缔组织间隙,该间隙与直肠后间隙相贯通,沿此间隙进行手术更符合全直肠系膜切除的手术原则。然而对于直肠前壁肿瘤病人,或肿瘤已侵直肠前方系膜时,Denonvilliers筋膜应一并切除以保证手术的根治性。

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜对男性排尿及性功能的影响

目的观察行直肠癌微创介入术时,保留Denonvilliers筋膜对男性泌尿及性功能的影响。方法根据手术情况将接受腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的132例患者分为2组,实验组67例在手术过程中成功保留了Denonvilliers筋膜;对照组65例由于患者的病灶及自身情况,无法保留Denonvilliers筋膜而进行了切除,对比2组治疗结束后排尿功能及性功能恢复情况。结果手术后,实验组排尿功能障碍、勃起功能障碍、射精功能障碍的发生率均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论行直肠癌微创介入术时,保留Denonvilliers筋膜可明显降低患者泌尿功能障碍及性功能障碍的发生,值得临床推广应用。

Denonvilliers筋膜解剖在腹腔镜直肠癌手术中的应用

目的探讨Denonvilliers筋膜(DVF)解剖在腹腔镜直肠癌手术中解剖分离直肠前间隙的应用。方法回顾2017年9月—2018年5月兰州大学第二医院收治的19例直肠癌患者在腹腔镜下行直肠癌根治术时解剖分离DVF。行直肠前间隙解剖时,在腹膜返折上方1 cm处切开腹膜,分离后进入DVF前间隙。对男性患者分离至精囊腺底部处切断DVF;对女性患者分离至距腹膜返折下方5 cm处切断DVF,然后进入直肠固有筋膜与DVF间的间隙。结果该方法不仅确保完整切除直肠固有筋膜,而且也能很好地避免精囊腺损伤以及保护自主神经。结论解剖分离DVF在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中是安全、有效、可行的方法。

采用直肠腔内超声观察Denonvilliers筋膜解剖结构初探

目的探讨直肠腔内超声(ERUS)显示Denonvilliers筋膜解剖结构特点的可行性。方法回顾性分析15例男性直肠癌患者术前ERUS图像,观察辨别Denonvilliers筋膜解剖结构特点,并与术中腹腔镜所见进行对照。其中1例实施术中ERUS与腹腔镜下所见进行对照以验证术前ERUS识别的结构是否为Denonvilliers筋膜。结果在ERUS图像上,走行于直肠固有筋膜与前列腺、精囊腺之间的线状高回声部位为Denonvilliers筋膜,显示率达100%。15例术前ERUS图像与术中腹腔镜所见均相符。Denonvilliers筋膜与前列腺后方包膜贴合紧密,在精囊后方有疏松较宽间隙。在精囊腺后方及侧方存在结构个体差异,依据线状高回声数量的不同可分为单层结构(3例)及多层结构(12例)。结论 ERUS可以准确显示Denonvilliers筋膜解剖结构特点。

Denonvilliers筋膜对排尿及性功能影响的研究进展

Denonvilliers筋膜位于泌尿生殖器官与直肠之间,是分隔泌尿生殖器官与直肠的一条菲薄的筋膜,在手术治疗泌尿、生殖系统与直肠肿瘤中,对阻止肿瘤扩散具有重要作用。目前临床一直不能确定关于Denonvilliers筋膜的胚胎学起源、神经走行、解剖结构和淋巴结分布等问题,导致手术治疗后发生泌尿生殖器官功能障碍和性功能障碍。本文从Denonvilliers筋膜的概念、胚胎学起源、结构与命名、神经走行、淋巴结分布、毗邻关系及在直肠癌手术中的应用等方面进行综述,明确其解剖学和病理学特点,以便进一步优化手术效果,提高生存率,减少排尿及性功能影响。

直肠癌根治术保留Denonvilliers筋膜对排尿及性功能的影响

目的:探讨直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜对排尿及性功能的影响。方法:收治直肠癌患者120例,均行腹腔镜下根治术,术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜为试验组,未保留筋膜为对照组,各60例。对比两组患者的疗效,术后6周随访,观察两组患者的排尿恢复情况及性功能。结果:试验组排尿功能障碍(11.67%vs38.33%)、勃起功能障碍(15.00%vs 41.67%)、射精功能障碍(16.67%vs 43.33%)的发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜,能够降低术后排尿和性功能障碍发生率,改善预后,提高生活质量,操作简单、可行,值得临床推广应用。

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜对男性性功能的影响研究

目的:观察腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜对男性性功能影响性。方法:收集2010年5月至2015年1月106例男性直肠癌患者临床资料,均予腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗,根据术中是否保留Denonvilliers筋膜分成两组,每组53例,观察不同方式对男性性功能和排尿功能影响性。结果:排尿功能上,治疗后对照组自由尿流率、排尿量较治疗前显著下降,残尿量显著升高(P<0.05),研究组治疗前后比较差异不显著(P>0.05),治疗后研究组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);性功能上,对照组术后6个月、术后12个月勃起功能障碍率分别为24.53%、16.98%,射精障碍率为24.53%、15.09%,研究组术后6个月、术后12个月勃起功能障碍率分别为9.44%、7.55%,射精障碍率为9.44%、5.66%,研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留Denonvilliers筋膜能降低对男性性功能影响性。

From basic to clinical:Anatomy of Denonvilliers’fascia and its application in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer

The total mesorectal excision(TME)approach has been established as the gold standard for the surgical treatment of middle and lower rectal cancer.This approach is widely accepted to minimize the risk of local recurrence and increase the long-term survival rate of patients undergoing surgery.However,standardized TME causes urogenital dysfunction in more than half of patients,thus lowering the quality of life of patients.Of note,pelvic autonomic nerve damage during TME is the most pivotal cause of postoperative urogenital dysfunction.The anatomy of the Denonvilliers’fascia(DVF)and its application in surgery have been investigated both nationally and internationally.Nevertheless,controversy exists regarding the basic to clinical anatomy of DVF and its application in surgery.Currently,it is a hotspot of concern and research to improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with rectal cancer through the protection of their urinary and reproductive functions after radical resection.Herein,this study systematically describes the anatomy of DVF and its appli-cation in surgery,thus providing a reference for the selection of surgical treatment modalities and the enhancement of postoperative quality of life in patients with middle and low rectal cancer.

直肠全系膜切除术中在Denonvilliers筋膜后进行手术操作以保护泌尿生殖系统的自主神经:应用尸体标本的组织学研究,包括利用新鲜尸体模型的外科实验

PURPOSE:Little is known about which urogenital nerves are liable to be injured along surgical planes in front of or behind Denonvilliers’ fascia.METHODS AND RESULTS:Using semiserial histology for five fixed male pelves,we demonstrated that:1) left/right communicating branches of bilateral pelvic plexuses run immediately in front of Denonvilliers’ fascia;and 2) a lateral continuation of Denonvilliers’ fascia separates the urogenital neurovascular bundle from the mesorectum.Notably,the mesorectum contains no or few extramural ganglion cells.At the level of the seminal vesicles,incision in front of Denonvilliers’ fascia seems likely to injure superior parts of the pelvic plexus and the left/right communication.Moreover,at the prostate level,this incision misleads the surgical plane into the neurovascular bundle.Fresh cadaveric dissections of five unfixed male pelves confirmed that the surgical plane in front of Denonvilliers’ fascia continues to a fascial space for the pelvic plexus containing ganglion cell clusters lateral and/or inferior to the seminal vesicles.CONCLUSIONS:To preserve all autonomic nerves for urogenital function,optimal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer requires dissection behind Denonvilliers’ fascia.

在全直肠系膜切除术中Denonvilliers筋膜位于固有筋膜层和直肠切除平面之前

PURPOSE: Opinion is divided whether Denonvilliers’fascia lies anterior or posterior to the anatomic fascia propria plane of anterior rectal dissection in total mesorectal excision. This study was designed to evaluate this anatomic relationship by assessing the presence or absence of Denonvilliers’fascia on the anterior surface of the extraperitoneal rectum in specimens resected for both nonanterior and anterior rectal cancer in males. METHODS: Surgical specimens were collected prospectively from males undergoing total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer, with a deep dissection of the anterior extraperitoneal rectum to the pelvic floor. Specimens were histopathologically analyzed using best practice methods for rectal cancer. The anterior aspects of the extraperitoneal rectal sections were examined microscopically for the presence or absence of Denonvilliers’fascia. RESULTS: Thirty rectal specimens were examined. Denonvilliers’fascia was present in 12 (40 percent) and absent in 18 specimens (60 percent). Denonvilliers’fascia was significantly more frequently present when tumor involved (55 percent) rather than spared the anterior rectal quadrant (10 percent; difference between groups 45 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 30-60 percent; P = 0.024, Fisher’s exact test). CONCLUSIONS: When tumors were nonanterior, rectal dissection was conducted on fascia propria in the usual anatomic plane, and Denonvilliers’fascia was not present on the specimen. It was almost exclusively found in anterior tumors, deliberately taken by a radical extra-anatomic anterior dissection in the extramesorectal dissection plane. Denonvilliers’fascia lies anterior to the anatomic fascia propria plane of anterior rectal dissection and is more closely applied to the prostate than the rectum.

直肠癌患者Denonvilliers筋膜的手术标识线及其解剖结构的确定

背景与目的传统的全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)后泌尿生殖功能障碍的发生率很高,这引发了学者们对解剖分离标准方式的质疑。我们提出了保留直肠癌患者Denonvilliers筋膜的必要性。但是,如何准确定位Denonvilliers筋膜尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过比较大体解剖结果和手术录像的观察结果来探究Denonvilliers筋膜的解剖特征,进而提出一种在直肠癌手术中保留盆腔自主神经的解剖方法。方法通过解剖5例成年男性大体标本,并回顾了2009年1月至2019年2月期间135例接受中低位直肠癌TME手术患者的手术录像,以鉴定和比较Denonvilliers筋膜的结构。结果在5例男性大体标本中对Denonvilliers筋膜的单层结构进行了观察,其位于直肠、膀胱底部、精囊、输精管和前列腺之间。Denonvilliers筋膜起源于直肠膀胱陷窝(或直肠子宫陷窝),向下与前列腺顶部的直肠尿道肌的末端融合,并融合至两侧的外侧韧带。筋膜在中线较薄,厚度为1.06±0.10 mm。Denonvilliers筋膜的冠状面形状略呈三角形,中线高度为5.42±0.16 cm。Denonvilliers筋膜的前方比后方神经分布密集,在两侧更为显著。在腹腔镜观察下,Denonvilliers筋膜起源于直肠膀胱陷窝(或直肠–子宫陷窝)的最低点,并带有一条加粗的白线,可作为识别Denonvilliers筋膜的良好标识。结论确定Denonvilliers筋膜的手术标识线可以帮助我们识别Denonvilliers筋膜,更好地保护直肠癌患者接受TME手术后的骨盆自主神经功能。

Laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in two fascial spaces for locally advanced lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND The procedure for lateral lymph node(LLN)dissection(LLND)is complicated and can result in complications.We developed a technique for laparoscopic LLND based on two fascial spaces to simplify the procedure.AIM To clarify the anatomical basis of laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating locally advanced low rectal cancer(LALRC).METHODS Cadaveric dissection was performed on 24 pelvises,and the fascial composition related to LLND was observed and described.Three dimensional-laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with LLND was performed in 20 patients with LALRC,and their clinical data were analyzed.RESULTS The cadaver study showed that the fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side in a medial-lateral direction constituting the dissection plane for curative rectal cancer surgery,and the last three fasciae formed two spaces(Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space)which were the surgical area for LLND.Laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces was performed successfully in all 20 patients.The median operating time,blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were 178(152-243)min,55(25-150)mL and 10(7-20)d,respectively.The median number of harvested LLNs was 8.6(6-12),and pathologically positive LLN metastasis was confirmed in 7(35.0%)cases.Postoperative complications included lower limb pain in 1 case and lymph leakage in 1 case.CONCLUSION Our preliminary surgical experience suggests that laparoscopic LLND based on fascial spaces is a feasible,effective and safe procedure for treating LALRC.

Is fascial closure required for a 12-mm trocar?A comparative study on trocar site hernia with long-term follow up

BACKGROUND Despite the infrequency of trocar site hernias(TSHs),fascial closure continues to be recommended for their prevention when using a≥10-mm trocar.AIM To identify the necessity of fascial closure for a 12-mm nonbladed trocar incision in minimally invasive colorectal surgeries.METHODS Between July 2010 and December 2018,all patients who underwent minimally invasive colorectal surgery at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit of Siriraj Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.All patients underwent cross-sectional imaging for TSH assessment.Clinicopathological characteristics were recorded.Incidence rates of TSH and postoperative results were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 254 patients included,70(111 ports)were in the fascial closure(closed)group and 184(279 ports)were in the nonfascial closure(open)group.The median follow up duration was 43 mo.During follow up,three patients in the open group developed TSHs,whereas none in the closed group developed the condition(1.1%vs 0%,P=0.561).All TSHs occurred in the right lower abdomen.Patients whose drains were placed through the same incision had higher rates of TSHs compared with those without the drain.The open group had a significantly shorter operative time and lower blood loss than the closed group.CONCLUSION Routine performance of fascial closure when using a 12-mm nonbladed trocar may not be needed.However,further prospective studies with cross-sectional imaging follow-up and larger sample size are needed to confirm this finding.

Paravertebral fascial massage promotes brain development of neonatal rats via the insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway

Massage in traditional Chinese medicine can promote body and brain development of premature and normal newborn infants. In the present study, neonatal rats （1 day old） underwent paravertebral fascial massage （15 consecutive days）, followed by subcutaneous injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antagonist, JB1 （9 consecutive days）. Paravertebral fascial massage significantly increased insulin-like growth factor 1 expression and cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. However, JB1 inhibited this increase. Results suggest that paravertebral fascial massage can promote brain development of neonatal rats via the insulin-like growth factor I pathway.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis-guided fluid management promotes primary fascial closure after open abdomen:a randomized controlled trial

Background:Fluid overload(FO)after resuscitation is frequent and contributes to adverse outcomes among postinjury open abdomen(OA)patients.Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is a promising tool for monitoring fluid status and FO.Therefore,we sought to investigate the efficacy of BIA-directed fluid resuscitation among OA patients.Methods:A pragmatic,prospective,randomized,observer-blind,single-center trial was performed for all trauma patients requiring OA between January 2013 and December 2017 to a national referral center.A total of 140 postinjury OA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a BIA-directed fluid resuscitation(defined as BIA)protocol that included fluid administration with monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and different degrees of interventions to achieve a negative fluid balance targeting the hydration level(HL)measured by BIA or a traditional fluid resuscitation(TRD)in which clinicians determined the fluid resuscitation regimen according to traditional parameters during 30 d of intensive care unit(ICU)management.The primary outcome was the 30-day primary fascial closure(PFC)rate.The secondary outcomes included the time to PFC,postoperative 7-day cumulative fluid balance(CFB)and adverse events within 30 d after OA.The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were utilized for PFC after OA.A generalized linear regression model for the time to PFC and CFB was built.Results:A total of 134 patients completed the trial(BIA,n=66;TRD,n=68).The BIA patients were significantly more likely to achieve PFC than the TRD patients(83.33%vs.55.88%,P<0.001).In the BIA group,the time to PFC occurred earlier than that of the TRD group by an average of 3.66 d(P<0.001).Additionally,the BIA group showed a lower postoperative 7-day CFB by an average of 6632.80 ml(P<0.001)and fewer complications.Conclusions:Among postinjury OA patients in the ICU,the use of BIA-guided fluid resuscitation resulted in a higher PFC rate and fewer severe complications than the traditional fluid resuscitation strategy.

A novel spherical-headed fascial dilator is feasible for second-stage ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A pilot study

Objective:In second-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),because the hydronephrosis has been decompressed,the dilated renal pelvis has resolved and the space is small.Consequently,introduction of the tip of the Amplatz dilator can cause injury to the opposite side of the renal-pelvic mucosa.In this study,we report the experimental and initial clinical performance of a spherical-headed fascial dilator developed specifically for second-stage PCNL.Methods:The novel spherical-headed dilator was compared with existing tapered-headed dilators in configuration and in puncture resistance utilizing a static puncture test.Subsequently,a pilot clinical study was conducted during which patients scheduled to undergo second-stage PCNL from June 2019 to October 2019 in our center were enrolled.A typical ultrasound guided PCNL procedure was performed with the exception that the new spherical-headed fascial dilator was substituted for a tapered-headed one.Results:Experimentally,stab resistance against polyethylene film was significantly increased using the novel spherical-headed dilator compared to the traditional tapered-headed dilators(p<0.005).In the clinical study,the novel dilators were successfully introduced into the renal pelvis and passed down the collecting system in all eight second-stage PCNL cases.There were no cases of renal pelvic perforation or brisk hemorrhage nor need for transfusion.

EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT FOR OBSTRUCTIVE LYMPHEDEMA BY TRANSPLANTATION OF FASCIAL FLAP RICHED IN LYMPH VESSELS

Objective To provide a more effective microsurgical treatment for obstructive lymphedema.Methods Sixty models of rabbits with lymphedema in right hindlimb were devided into three groups: 20 for fascial flap transplantation (group A), 20 for no treatment (group B) and 20 for anastomosis of lymph vessels and vein (group C) as control. For group A, the posterior branch of medial vein in the normal hindlimb was cut down together with the fascial strip (about 3 cm wide) around it and concomitant lymph vessels, then transferred through the block region of the affected limb. The two broken tips of the vein were anastomosed respectively to normal veins beside the block region. Subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured at last. For group B, no treatment was carried out. But traditional anastomosis of lymph vessels and vein was used for group C. Postoperative variation of volume was observed and lymphoscintigraphy was made. Results The volume curve of the affected limb in group A kept declining after 2 weeks and nearing to that of the normal hindlimb in group B but away from that of the affected limb in group B. The curve of donor limb in group A was similar to that of the normal limb of group B, which meant no secondary lymphedema occurred in donor limb. The volume of the affected limb of group A had significant difference to that of group C at postoperative 24 weeks, which meant the effect of group A was better than C. The lymphatic drainage of the affected limb of group A was obviously better than B and C in lymphoscintigraphic image. Deposit of nuclein was lessened. Conclusion It was verified that the transplantation of vein-lymph vessels-fatty fascial flap had following advantages: decreased technical difficulty, better long-term effect, almost no chronic lymphedema occurred in donor site, extensive adaptation.

胸肋间筋膜阻滞对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的探讨胸肋间筋膜阻滞(PIFB)对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法选择择期行正中切口心脏瓣膜置换术患者80例,男45例,女35例,年龄44~75岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m 2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为两组:全麻联合PIFB组(P组)和全麻组(C组),每组40例。P组麻醉诱导后行双侧胸肋间筋膜平面阻滞,C组不行神经阻滞,术后均使用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。采用15项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-15)评价术前24 h、术后24、72 h恢复情况,记录诱导前、切皮时、锯胸骨时、关胸时、出手术室时的HR和MAP,拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动(咳嗽)时VAS疼痛评分。记录术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、拔管时间、重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间,术后恶心呕吐、低血压、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况和住院期间死亡情况。结果与C组比较,P组术后24、72 h QoR-15评分明显升高(P<0.05),拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),拔管时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、ICU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05),术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组不同时点HR和MAP、术后住院时间、住院期间死亡率差异无统计学意义。P组未发生神经阻滞相关并发症。结论PIFB可以降低正中切口心脏瓣膜置换手术患者术后疼痛,提高术后恢复质量,促进术后康复。

Application of fascial flaps of supraclavicular artery in repair of neck scar contracture

Objective To observe eflect uf fascial flaps of supraclavicular artery on treatment of neck scar contracture. Methods The supraclavicular flaps were designed according to direction of supraclavicular arteries and transferred into detective areas caused by scar releasing.