Hypoxia promotes growth of stem cells in dental follicle cell populations

Adult stem cells (ASC) have been found in many tis-sues and are of great therapeutic potential due to their capability of differentiation. However, ASC comprise only a small fraction of the tissues. In order to use ASC for therapeutic purposes, it is important to obtain relatively pure stem cells in large quantities. Current methods for stem cell purification are mainly based on marker-dependent cell sorting techniques, which have various technical difficulties. In this study, we have attempted to develop novel conditions to favor the growth of the dental follicle stem cells (DFSC) such that the resultant cell populations are enriched in stem cells. Specifically, a heterogeneous dental follicle cell (H-DFC) population containing stem cells and homogenous non-stem cell dental follicle cell population were cultured at 1% or 5% hypoxic conditions. Only the heterogeneous population could increase proliferation in the hypoxic condition whereas the homogenous DFC did not change their proliferation rate. In addition, when the resultant cells from the heterogonous population were subjected to differentiation, they appeared to have a higher capacity of adipogenesis and osteogenesis as compared to the controls grown in the normal at-mosphere (normoxic condition). These hypoxia- treated cells also express higher levels of some stem cell markers. Together, these data suggest that stem cells are enriched by culturing the heterogeneous cell populations in a reduced O2 condition.

TGF-β2 downregulates osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions in dental follicle stem cells

Bone formation is important for the reconstruction of bone-related structures in areas that have been damaged by inflammation.Inflammatory conditions such as those that occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis, and periodontitis have been shown to inhibit osteoblastic differentiation. This study focussed on dental follicle stem cells(DFSCs), which are found in developing tooth germ and participate in the reconstruction of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue in periodontal disease. After bacterial infection of inflamed dental tissue, the destruction of bone was observed. Currently, little is known about the relationship between the inflammatory environment and bone formation. Osteogenic differentiation of inflamed DFSCs resulted in decreased alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and alizarin red S staining compared to normal DFSCs. Additionally, in vivo transplantation of inflamed and normal DFSCs demonstrated severe impairment of osteogenesis by inflamed DFSCs. Protein profile analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to analyse the differences in protein expression in inflamed and normal tissue. Comparison of inflamed and normal DFSCs showed significant changes in the level of expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2. Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g.)-derived lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to create in vitro inflammatory conditions similar to periodontitis. The osteogenic differentiation of LPS-treated DFSCs was suppressed, and the cells displayed low levels of TGF-β1 and high levels of TGF-β2. DFSCs treated with TGF-β2 inhibitors showed significant increases in alizarin red S staining and ALP activity. TGF-β1 expression was also increased after inhibition of TGF-β2. By examining inflamed DFSCs and LPS-triggered DFSCs, these studies showed both clinically and experimentally that the increase in TGF-β2 levels that occurs under inflammatory conditions inhibits bone formation.

Clinical application prospects and transformation value of dental follicle stem cells in oral and neurological diseases

Since dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)were first reported,six types of dental SCs(DSCs)have been isolated and identified.DSCs originating from the craniofacial neural crest exhibit dental-like tissue differentiation potential and neuroectodermal features.As a member of DSCs,dental follicle SCs(DFSCs)are the only cell type obtained at the early developing stage of the tooth prior to eruption.Dental follicle tissue has the distinct advantage of large tissue volume compared with other dental tissues,which is a prerequisite for obtaining a sufficient number of cells to meet the needs of clinical applications.Furthermore,DFSCs exhibit a significantly higher cell proliferation rate,higher colony-formation capacity,and more primitive and better anti-inflammatory effects than other DSCs.In this respect,DFSCs have the potential to be of great clinical significance and translational value in oral and neurological diseases,with natural advantages based on their origin.Lastly,cryopreservation preserves the biological properties of DFSCs and enables them to be used as off-shelf products for clinical applications.This review summarizes and comments on the properties,application potential,and clinical transformation value of DFSCs,thereby inspiring novel perspectives in the future treatment of oral and neurological diseases.

HSP25 Affects the Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Dental Follicle Cells

Aim To detect the expression of HSP25 in rat dental follicles both in vivo and vitro, and explore the underlying mechanism of HSP25 on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental follicle cells （DFCs）. Methodology Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of HSP25 in mandibles of postnatal rats on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in vivo. In vitro, the expression of HSP25 in DFCs was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） assay were used to identify the time-course effect mediated by different concentrations of recombinant murine HSP25 of 0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 ng/mL on rat DFCs. Results Expression of HSP25 was not detected in dental follicles of the rats until day 5 after birth, but became up-regulated in a time-dependent manner till day 11. HSP25 was detected in the cytoplasm of cultured rat DFCs. No significant difference could be observed in the proliferation of DFCs after stimulation with different concentrations of HSP25 on days 1, 2 and 3 （P〉0.05）. HSP25 at concentrations of 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL up-regulated the ALP activity of DFCs on day 9 （P〈0.05）. Conclusion HSP25-immunoreactivity increased chronologically during the development of dental follicles. The protein had no significant effect on cell proliferation but may play a role in cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of DFCs.

Response Proliferative Capacity of Undifferentiated Stem Cells of Obtained Human Adult Dental Follicle

Objective: The aim of this study was correlation proliferative activity, markers express stem cells, and lipid peroxides of undifferentiated stem cells of human adult dental follicle (DF) following culture. Methods: For this study, we used 8 samples from DF of impacted third molars to maintain culture conditions and evaluated the growth curve, cell viability, production of lipid peroxidation, cell cycle phases, and proliferative index during 25 days of culture. Results: Cells after culture showed characteristics of fibroblast-like type following 25th day of culture. The results of lipid peroxidation showed that stem cells in culture produce 13 nmoles/ml malondialdehyde at the start of culture, increasing until the 12th day and then began a decline that lasted until the 25th day. We revealed that DFSCs presented a significantly higher percentage of cells in S + G2/M phases by the 15th day of culture compared with cells at the start of culture. Cell surface markers revealed that cell lines were negative for HLA-DR and positive for CD90, CD44, and CD105. The expression of p21 protein, involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, showed a significant increase from the 15th to 25th day of culture. Results of cell division rates show a significant increase between the 6th and 15th day of culture. Conclusions: We conclude that the culture remained stable during the 25 days of culture, presenting the markers of stem cells and markers of control, progression, and cell proliferation that there was an increased production of lipid peroxides between the 6th and 12th days;this increase is related to the increased numbers of cells that also occurs during this period. Then, there is a significantly decline in the production of lipid peroxides and the number of cells, which is accompanied by an increase in cell unviability.

不同胚层来源成体干细胞修复周围神经损伤

背景:成体干细胞疗法是周围神经损伤修复与再生领域的研究热点之一。中胚层被视为成体干细胞的理想来源,间充质干细胞具有获得率高、来源广、增殖快等优异性能。而外胚层来源成体干细胞,尤其是神经嵴干细胞,具有神经源性,越来越受到研究人员的关注。目的:对来自外胚层和中胚层的多功能成体干细胞在周围神经损伤修复与再生中的作用及机制进行简要综述,探究不同来源成体干细胞的研究进展与应用前景,并结合临床研究,探讨成体干细胞疗法潜在的应用价值以及亟待解决的问题。方法:第一作者于2024年2月应用计算机在PubMed和SinoMed数据库检索2001年12月至2024年2月相关文献,以“ectodermal stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,peripheral nerve injury,repair,regeneration”为英文检索词,以“外胚层干细胞、间充质干细胞、周围神经损伤、修复、再生”为中文检索词,最终纳入69篇文献进行分析论述。结果与结论:①外胚层来源成体干细胞具有优异的分化和再生潜能,尤其是毛囊神经嵴干细胞、嗅干细胞、牙外胚层干细胞等,具有神经源性,可在体外表达神经特异性标志物,但目前缺少临床试验研究。②中胚层来源成体干细胞种类多、易获得及纯化,其中骨髓间充质干细胞和脐带间充质干细胞在周围神经损伤修复的应用疗效及安全性方面有相关临床试验支持,能改善感觉及运动神经传导,且在随访中未出现并发症和明显不良反应。骨髓间充质干细胞的获取需行侵入性外科手术且要求患者与捐赠者骨髓配型吻合,应用受到一定限制;而脐带间充质干细胞虽无需侵入性获取,但分离较困难且表型不稳定。③内胚层来源成体干细胞常难以在体外生长,应用受限,目前应用于临床的可能性低。④综合来看,骨髓间充质干细胞仍为周围神经损伤干细胞治疗的首选细胞,适用于无外科手术禁忌且符合配型要求的情况,其次为脐带间充质干细胞,辅以分离方法的改进和表型稳定性的提高策略。⑤牙外胚层干细胞以及脂肪间充质干细胞具有较高应用潜能,有待进一步临床试验,其他外胚层、中胚层来源成体干细胞各以其优异特性在动物及细胞实验研究中具有显著优势。

Proteomic profiling of various human dental stem cells-a systematic review

BACKGROUND The proteomic signature or profile best describes the functional component of a cell during its routine metabolic and survival activities.Additional complexity in differentiation and maturation is observed in stem/progenitor cells.The role of functional proteins at the cellular level has long been attributed to anatomical niches,and stem cells do not deflect from this attribution.Human dental stem cells(hDSCs),on the whole,are a combination of mesenchymal and epithelial coordinates observed throughout craniofacial bones to pulp.AIM To specify the proteomic profile and compare each type of hDSC with other mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)of various niches.Furthermore,we analyzed the characteristics of the microenvironment and preconditioning changes associated with the proteomic profile of hDSCs and their influence on committed lineage differentiation.METHODS Literature searches were performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Web of Science databases,from January 1990 to December 2018.An extra inquiry of the grey literature was completed on Google Scholar,ProQuest,and OpenGrey.Relevant MeSH terms(PubMed)and keywords related to dental stem cells were used independently and in combination.RESULTS The initial search resulted in 134 articles.Of the 134 full-texts assessed,96 articles were excluded and 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed.The overall assessment of hDSCs and other MSCs suggests that differences in the proteomic profile can be due to stem cellular complexity acquired from varied tissue sources during embryonic development.However,our comparison of the proteomic profile suffered inconsistencies due to the heterogeneity of various hDSCs.We believe that the existence of a heterogeneous population of stem cells at a given niche determines the modalities of regeneration or tissue repair.Added prominences to the differences present between various hDSCs have been reasoned out.CONCLUSION Systematic review on proteomic studies of various hDSCs are promising as an eye-opener for revisiting the proteomic profile and in-depth analysis to elucidate more refined mechanisms of hDSC functionalities.

Application of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration

Dental stem cells can differentiate into different types of cells.Dental pulp stem cells,stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligament stem cells,stem cells from apical papilla,and dental follicle progenitor cells are five different types of dental stem cells that have been identified during different stages of tooth development.The availability of dental stem cells from discarded or removed teeth makes them promising candidates for tissue engineering.In recent years,three-dimensional(3D)tissue scaffolds have been used to reconstruct and restore different anatomical defects.With rapid advances in 3D tissue engineering,dental stem cells have been used in the regeneration of 3D engineered tissue.This review presents an overview of different types of dental stem cells used in 3D tissue regeneration,which are currently the most common type of stem cells used to treat human tissue conditions.

芒柄花素促进牙囊干细胞成骨向分化

目的:研究芒柄花素对牙囊干细胞(human dental follicle stem cells,hDFSCs)成骨分化的影响。方法:首先对hDFSCs进行分离、培养及鉴定,并使用含不同浓度芒柄花素(0、0.1、1、10μmol/L)培养基培养细胞。通过CCK-8实验、结晶紫染色和活/死细胞荧光染色评估细胞的活性状况;通过细胞骨架荧光染色观察细胞骨架状况;采用RT-qPCR检测细胞成骨相关基因的表达变化;利用碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色及活性检测法评估细胞成骨分化过程中ALP活性的影响;通过茜素红染色法评估细胞成骨分化过程中钙化结节数量的影响。结果:hDFSCs具有干细胞特性;不同浓度的芒柄花素对hDFSCs活性无显著性影响;1μmol/L的芒柄花素可显著促进Runx2、OCN、Col-Iα1的mRNA表达;并能够提高的细胞内ALP活性和钙化结节的数量。结论:1μmol/L芒柄花素可促进hDFSCs的成骨分化。

A ROS-responsive hydrogel incorporated with dental follicle stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promotes dental pulp repair by ameliorating oxidative stress

Pulpitis,an inflammatory disease of dental pulp tissues,ultimately results in the loss of pulp defense properties.Existing clinical modalities cannot effectively promote inflamed pulp repair.Oxidative stress is a major obstacle inhibiting pulp repair.Due to their powerful antioxidative capacity,mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles(MSC-sEVs)exhibit potential for treating oxidative stress-related disorders.However,whether MSC-sEVs shield dental pulp tissues from oxidative damage is largely unknown.Here,we showed that dental follicle stem cell-derived sEVs(DFSC-sEVs)have antioxidative and prohealing effects on a rat LPS-induced pulpitis model by enhancing the survival,proliferation and odontogenesis of H_(2)O_(2)-injured dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs).Additionally,DFSC-sEVs restored the oxidative/antioxidative balance in DPSC mitochondria and had comparable effects on ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction with the mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo.To improve the efficacy of DFSC-sEVs,we fabricated an intelligent and injectable hydrogel to release DFSC-sEVs by combining sodium alginate(SA)and the ROS sensor RhB-AC.The newly formed SA-RhB hydrogel efficiently encapsulates DFSC-sEVs and exhibits controlled release of DFSC-sEVs in a HClO/ClO^(-)concentration-dependent manner,providing a synergistic antioxidant effect with DFSC-sEVs.These results suggest that DFSC-sEVs-loaded SA-RhB is a promising minimally invasive treatment for pulpitis by enhancing tissue repair in the pulp wound microenvironment.

单细胞水平解析人第三磨牙牙囊组织免疫微环境特征

目的:解析人第三磨牙牙囊组织的免疫微环境特征,探究先天性免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞在牙囊组织中的种群组成、相互交流及作用。方法:本研究分析了先前已上传至GSA数据库中的测序数据:GSA-Human:HRA008022,运用生物信息学工具对牙囊组织中的先天性和适应性免疫细胞进行基因鉴定和GO功能富集分析,CellChat分析免疫细胞群之间的相互交流。结果:使用t-SNE降维分析免疫细胞群,分别获得先天性免疫细胞群,包括固有淋巴样细胞、树突状细胞、肥大细胞和巨噬细胞;适应性免疫细胞群包括T细胞和B细胞。Pearson相关性系数分析显示,先天性免疫细胞中固有淋巴样细胞和巨噬细胞与适应性免疫细胞群具有较强的相关性。GO富集分析显示先天性免疫细胞群之间存在相互协同,同时对于适应性免疫细胞群也具有调节作用。进一步的CellChat分析表明先天性免疫细胞群和适应性免疫细胞群之间存在密切的生物学信号传递,其中以CLEC、MIF、ADGRE5、COLLAGEN、MIF信号通路最为显著。结论:牙囊组织中富含大量免疫细胞,其中先天性免疫细胞群和适应性免疫细胞相互作用,共同调节免疫反应,参与维持牙囊组织稳态平衡。

儿童牙科畏惧症的调查分析

目的:对不同年龄组口腔疾病患儿就诊时的临床表现及发生畏惧症的相关因素进行调查分析,为临床预防和降低儿童牙科畏惧症的发生提供参考。方法:依据牙科畏惧症评判标准,对571例在儿童口腔科门诊接受治疗的患儿进行评判与分析。结果:不同年龄患儿牙科畏惧症发生率不同,年龄越小发生率越高,差异显著(χ2=52.0864,P<0.001);男孩与女孩牙科畏惧症发生率不同,但统计学上差异不显著(χ2=1.6595,P>0.01);不同带养方式牙科畏惧症的发生率不同,差异显著(χ2=27.7085,P<0.001);母亲受教育程度不同,牙科畏惧症的发生率不同,差异显著(χ2=14.3434,P<0.001)。以往的牙科经历、其他儿童的言行、陌生的医生及诊疗环境等,都可导致牙科畏惧症的发生。结论:儿童牙科畏惧症的发生由综合性因素造成,需要通过患儿、家长、医护人员的共同努力,来降低其发生率。

牙囊在牙根发育中作用的实验研究

目的研究牙囊在牙根发育中的作用。方法8只出生5d的Balb/c小鼠随机分为含牙囊组和去除牙囊组,取其双侧下颌第一磨牙牙胚分别异位移植到Balb/c成年裸鼠背部肌层中,移植后第7天和第14天分别取出植入的牙胚,常规制片,苏木精-伊红染色,观察牙胚发育情况。另取1只出生5d的Balb/c小鼠的下颌第一磨牙牙胚作为对照。结果肉眼观察发现移植后牙胚生长于肌肉浅层,组织相容性好,表面有丰富的毛细血管。组织学观察表明:移植后的两组牙胚牙冠均可部分继续发育并矿化,但含牙囊组牙胚比去除牙囊组发育更快,体积较大,钙化程度较高。虽然两组牙胚上皮根鞘根向延伸均不明显,但含牙囊组牙根有一定程度的发育,牙齿有根向生长的趋势,而去除牙囊组牙齿未见根向生长的趋势。移植后第7天两组牙胚均出现炎症反应,到移植后第14天则均未见明显的炎症。结论牙囊在牙齿发育特别是牙根的形成中起重要作用,能够引导牙根向正常方向生长并形成牙根。

儿童龋病充填中两种预防牙科畏惧症方法的成本效果分析

目的 :从卫生经济学的角度对治前教育和局部麻醉两种方法在龋病充填治疗中预防儿童牙科畏惧症 (DF)的效果进行评价。方法 :下颌第一恒磨牙牙合面患龋的 15 0名小学生 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 5 0例(男、女各 2 5 ) ,第一组 (治前教育 ) ,提前 1h接受有关龋病教育 ;第二组 (局部麻醉 )提前 15min进行局麻 ;第三组 (空白对照 )不做针对DF的干预。三组均接受常规的充填治疗。比较各组的DF发生率并进行卫生经济学评价。结果 :三组DF的发生率分别为 10 % ,18%和 4 2 % ,差别显著 (χ2 =15 .5 0 31,P =0 .0 0 0 4 ) ,三组的人均成本投入分别为 83.99元 ,87.0 9元和 87.76元 ;为减少 1例DF ,第一、二组分别比第三组少投入 11.80元和 2 .79元 ,为减少 1例充填物损坏 ,第一、二组分别比第三组少投入 31.4 0元和 11.17元。结论 :儿童龋病充填治疗中 ,用治前教育法和局部麻醉两种预防DF的方法都有效 。

小鼠牙囊细胞的体外分离培养鉴定及异质性研究

目的:建立小鼠牙囊细胞体外分离培养的方法,并对其起源进行鉴定,同时检测其生物学特性。方法:用1%的胰蛋白酶消化分离7天龄Balb/c小乳鼠的下颌第一磨牙牙胚的牙囊组织进行体外培养,波形蛋白和角蛋白鉴定细胞起源,HE染色观察细胞的形态,Gomori改良钙钴法进行细胞的碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALPase)染色,免疫组化法检测细胞Ⅰ型胶原和骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)的表达。结果:分离培养的细胞具有多形性,现有3种基本的细胞类型:立方形或多角形;长梭形;非常细长的细胞形状,前2种细胞胞核内有2～4个清晰的核仁,胞质内有大量颗粒,且有大量的线状伪足。波形蛋白染色阳性,角蛋白染色阴性,ALPase染色显示72.7%的牙囊细胞内的AL鄄Pase呈强阳性;免疫组化染色显示48.8%的牙囊细胞Ⅰ型胶原及8.75%的牙囊细胞的OCN表达阳性。结论:所培养的牙囊细胞源自间充质,含有多种细胞表型,具有异质性。

大鼠牙囊细胞体外培养技术的建立及其鉴定

目的 建立体外培养大鼠牙囊细胞的方法 ,观察牙囊细胞体外生长的生物学特性。方法 分离乳鼠下颌第一、第二磨牙牙胚的牙囊组织 ,应用组织培养的方法进行牙囊细胞原代和传代培养。显微镜观察培养细胞的形态 ,电镜观察体内牙囊组织和体外培养的牙囊细胞的超微结构。免疫组化法检测细胞波形蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原、纤维连接蛋白的表达。结果 分离组织培养 2 4h后 ,梭形细胞和多角形细胞从组织块中游出 ,经消化排除法获得纯化的牙囊细胞。显微镜下牙囊细胞为成纤维细胞样 ,电镜下牙囊细胞无桥粒 ,胞浆中含有高密度电子颗粒和大量粗面内质网 (RER)。免疫组化染色显示牙囊细胞表达波形蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原和纤维连接蛋白。结论 运用组织培养和细胞生物学技术可以成功获得原代和传代培养的大鼠牙囊细胞 。

人牙囊细胞的分离培养和生物学特性

目的 :应用酶消化法体外培养人牙囊细胞并研究其生物学特性。方法 :分离合法引产人胚胎乳牙胚的牙囊组织 ,消化法获得人牙囊细胞 ,HE染色观察细胞形态、免疫组织化学染色技术检测波形丝蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原表达 ,RT -PCR检测细胞的骨钙素、骨涎蛋白、碱性磷酸酶的表达。结果 :原代培养的人牙囊细胞呈成纤维细胞形态 ,有部分上皮成分混杂 ,经纯化后可排除 ;在牙囊细胞中Ⅰ型胶原和波形丝蛋白的表达呈阳性 ,定位于细胞的胞质中 ;RT -PCR结果显示骨涎蛋白、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶表达。结论 :体外培养的人牙囊细胞具有成纤维细胞的特性 ,具有合成Ⅰ型胶原的能力 ;不同程度表达Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙素、骨涎蛋白、碱性磷酸酶等矿化相关蛋白。

北京市海淀区3岁儿童龋病患病状况及龋病活跃性检测的研究

目的通过了解北京市2所大学附属幼教机构学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况、龋病活跃性,了解儿童患龋情况与龋病活跃性之间的关系,探讨龋病活跃性检测筛查龋易感儿童及反映龋活跃性检测试剂的灵敏性和特异性,评价其对患龋预测的有效性和可行性。方法对3岁年龄组儿童进行连续1年的口腔检查和龋活跃性检测,分析儿童患龋情况的变化与龋病活跃性之间的关系。结果 3岁儿童的患龋率为44.80%,龋均dft为2.04,龋面均dfs为2.79,儿童龋活跃性检测结果的各个分值与儿童患龋程度呈高度正相关关系(P<0.001)。1年后随访,龋高危组儿童的新龋发生率显著高于龋低危组,经统计学检验其差异具有显著性意义(P<0.001)。Cariostat法进行龋活跃性检测的敏感度可达95.1%,特异度达50.2%。结论龋活跃性检测能够准确的反映儿童龋患现状,预测儿童患龋的趋势,为儿童制定个性化的预防保健计划。

牙槽骨发生的研究进展

牙槽骨再生是牙周组织疾病治疗的根本。牙槽骨发生属于膜内成骨,成骨细胞来源于多潜能神经嵴牙囊间质细胞,伴随着牙体的发生而发生。牙胚由成釉器、牙乳头和牙囊组成,而牙囊则形成牙骨质、牙周膜和牙槽骨。骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)可启动、促进和调节骨的发生、发育、生长、重塑和修复。核心结合因子1可使牙囊间质细胞向成骨细胞分化,对膜内成骨和软骨内成骨有控制作用。成纤维细胞生长因子通过调控骨干细胞复制,成骨细胞分化和程序性死亡,各种细胞及相关因子的表达来控制骨形成。WNT在BMP的刺激下促进成骨细胞分化,增强BMP诱导下的Ⅰ型胶原、特殊骨基质蛋白和骨钙蛋白表达。声音刺猬蛋白、转化生长因子β和肌节同源盒蛋白2在牙槽骨和牙骨质中表达强烈,其基因突变可致牙槽骨丧失。本文就牙槽骨发生与牙囊间的关系以及参与牙槽骨发生的细胞因子等研究进展作一综述。

矿化液对体外培养的人牙囊细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的:探讨矿化液对体外培养的人牙囊细胞中碱性磷酸酶表达的影响。方法:取12～13岁患者因正畸原因拔除的下颌第三磨牙牙囊,原代培养人牙囊细胞,将第5代细胞加入矿化液培养,应用碱性磷酸酶组织化学方法染色、碱性磷酸酶试剂盒检测人牙囊细胞中碱性磷酸酶的活性。结果:培养的牙囊细胞呈长梭形、不规则多角形。免疫细胞化学染色显示抗波形丝蛋白染色阳性。矿化液诱导7d,碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性,碱性磷酸酶活性检测第3、5、7d明显升高,与对照组均有显著性差异。结论:矿化液能增强体外培养的人牙囊细胞中碱性磷酸酶的表达。