The aim of the study was to determine the rela-tionship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and accelerated dental development. The dental developmental ages of 100 children aged between 8 and 12 years were determined using...The aim of the study was to determine the rela-tionship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and accelerated dental development. The dental developmental ages of 100 children aged between 8 and 12 years were determined using the Demirjian method and panoramic radiographs. BMI status was determined for each subject on the basis of the system developed by the International Obesity Task Force. There was a significant direct relationship between dental development and BMI (P < 0.01). Obese children have a higher rate of dental development compared to normal children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is an important variable to be considered when planning for dental and orthodontic treatments in obese children. Brief objectives statement: Overweight or obesity can accelerate dental development. Accelerated dental development in overweight children is important to be considered in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.展开更多
Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed ...Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed (D), missing (M), or filled (F), tooth (T) in an individual. Objectives: The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and compare its parameters by suggested new mathematical model. Mathematical Models: Fixed Model: Is a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and will be considered as fixed model;in which all individuals under screening will have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤1 of dental caries. In this fixed model the unit of the screening is the individual, and will be evaluated for caries as a dichotomous (0, 1) variable. Random Model: The new suggested model is a random model that suggests a mouth of an individual as an environment and the tooth is a unit of research. In this random model, only the teeth in one mouth have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θi ≤ 1 where i =1, 2...,k ;number of screening individuals. Expected Outcome: Mathematically, the fixed model will highlight what the value 1 will hide as information and hence this may explain why the average of DMFT is may be overestimated for any sample studied using fixed model. The random model will yield a cumulative weighed probability on the function of the number of teeth screened per mouth θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1, hence the average DMFT index will be weighed against the number of teeth screened per all subjects. Conclusion: The random model yields an average and more realistic expected value for the population studied. Furthermore, in such model, it is easy to estimate the variance and it is obvious that this model yields the smallest variance.展开更多
<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b...<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b><span> Objective:</span></b><span> The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of salivary pH value and dental caries index on periodontal status among adult age groups of patients from Aseer region, Saudi Arabia</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A cross-sectional analysi</span><span>s carried out in the college of dentistry, King Khalid University on 750 </span><span>adult patients (400 males and 350 females). The adults patients were divided into three equal groups according to the patients’ age: group I (20 - 30 years), group I</span><span>I (31 - 40 years), and group III (41 - 50 years).</span><span> </span><span>Plaque index (PLI), gingi</span><span>val index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the dental caries index (DMFT)</span><span> recorded as w</span><span>ell as salivary pH. All findings collected, then analyzed by an</span><span> ANOVA test and the t</span><span>-test. A p-value at <0.05 was considered a statistical significance level.</span><span> </span><b><span>R</span></b><b><span>esults:</span></b><b><span> </span></b><span>The clinical findings of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the patients’ age of both males and females. Moreover, there were statistically significant diffe</span><span>rences in GI. On the other hand, there were highly statistically significant differences in PLI and DMFS, but there were no significant differences</span><span> in CAL of both males and females </span><span>Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary pH</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> We concluded that DMFT Index correlated to periodontal and oral hea</span><span>lth status and, it increased with the progression of the pat</span><span>ient’s age and</span><span> can be used in the epidemiological evaluation of periodontal and o</span><span>ral health status.展开更多
Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among schoolchildren. We aimed to investigate the association between dental caries index and socio-demographic status in schoolchildren by using a mul...Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among schoolchildren. We aimed to investigate the association between dental caries index and socio-demographic status in schoolchildren by using a multilevel hurdle model. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 906 primary school pupils in Kerman, Iran in 2012. The subjects were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling. At first, the whole target area was stratified according to two geographic areas, the north and south area. Then each area was stratified according to gender. In the next step, several schools were considered as clusters, which were selected randomly in each geographic area and gender strata. All the schoolchildren in these schools were included in this study as samples. Twelve-year-old pupils were examined for dental caries. The dependent variable in this study was the dmft/DMFT index. Eight variables, including socio-demographic information, were collected. Multilevel negative binomial hurdle model was employed for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of caries-free pupils was 30.1% and the mean dmft/DMFT was 3.6 ± 2.2. Negative binomial part of the adjusted model showed that the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for females was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.79) times higher than males. Also, the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for overweight pupils was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.98) times lower than those with normal weight. Logistic part of the adjusted model showed that the posibility of caries-free state in overweight pupils was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.22-3.11) times higher than those with normal weight. In addition, pupils whose fathers and mothers were workers and housewives, respectively, and those with a high maternal age were at a greater risk for caries experience than others (p < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI, gender, parent’s job and mother’s age at delivery were factors effecting on dental caries in schoolchildren. These pupils need more attention to dental care.展开更多
Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary envi...Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal he...<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal health among patients with diabetes treated with different dental restorations. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Najran University, KSA, from March 2018 to February 2020. It included 260 diabetics, treated with different dental restorations, divided into four groups, each comprising 65 patients aged 45 - 60 years: Group 1 (G1), no restorations (control group);Group 2 (G2), Class II amalgam restorations;Group 3 (G3), Class II composite resin restorations;and Group 4 (G4), three-unit posterior metal ceramic prostheses. The Ages of all restorations ranged from 8 to 10 years. All groups were assessed for the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI), Overhangs Rate (OR), Alveolar Bone Loss (ABL) (the latter two using panoramic X-ray). HbA1c and duration of participants were also assessed and compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean HbA1c results of the groups ranged from 8.1% to 9.5%, and their mean diabetes durations ranged from 7.2 to 12 years. All the groups showed worse periodontal scores, ranging from 2.45 - 2.95 for PI and 2.25 - 2.8 for GI. G2 had higher scores than G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G4 had the highest two recorded scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G2 had a higher rate of overhangs than G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.037). The mean ABL was 44% (SD 6.4) for G1, 56.0% (SD 6.7) for G2, 46.5% (SD 5.8) for G3, and 74.5% (SD 6.4) for G4. The lowest values were recorded in G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> = 0.987). The highest value was observed in G4, which was significantly higher than other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The worse periodontal parameters among subjects treated with either three-unit metal ceramic or Class II amalgam restorations indicated severe periodontal destruction. Untreated subjects and subjects treated with Class II composite resin had relatively better periodontal status.展开更多
Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of neurogrowth factor in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy and the effect on the serum inflammatory ...Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of neurogrowth factor in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy and the effect on the serum inflammatory cytokines. Methods: A total of 156 patients with gingival pain and swelling after root canal therapy due to dental pulp necrosis were included in the study and randomized into the control group (n=78) and teh treatment group (n=78). The patients in the control group were given metronidazole tablets. On the above basis, the patients in the treatment group were given local injection of neurogrowth factors. 10-day treatment was regarded as one course, and the patients were continuously treated for 2 courses. The improvement of clinical symptoms before and after treatment in the two groups was evaluated. Gingival sulcus index and serum inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. Results: When compared with before treatment, the periodontal soft tissue swelling, tooth mobility, and periapical pain scores after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced, and those in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the two groups was significantly reduced, and that 2 courses after treatment was significantly lower than that after 1 course treatment. The gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels after treatment in the two groups, and TNF-α level after treatment in the treatment group were significantly reduced, and the above indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: The neurogrowth factors in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, with a significant efficacy.展开更多
Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an activ...Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an active role in health screening to discover any need for clinical preventive services,including dental preventive services,and can detect health problems.Methods:A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2019.About 100 patients were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire,followed by an oral examination through a checklist and a face-to-face interview.A systematically random sampling technique was employed to select the study population.Results:Among them,the(21-30)year age group shows a maximum 20%,whereas the(71-80)year age group represents the minority with only 2%.Among them,56%were male and 44%were female.Students represent the majority of 26%,whereas others(day laborers)represent only 4%.Decayed teeth remained in 72%of cases,teeth were missing in 31%of cases,and filled teeth were present in 24%of cases.A majority of 71%clean teeth once daily,whereas only 29%clean teeth twice daily.Again,only 30%brush teeth at night and a maximum of 95%brush teeth in the morning.Moreover,a maximum of 68%use toothpaste and brushes,while only 4%use meswak for cleaning their teeth.About 4%of cases with no debris,51%of cases with less than 1/3rd of the tooth with debris,32%of cases with 1/3rd-2/3rd of the tooth with debris,and 13%of cases with more than 2/3rd of the tooth with debris were present.Again,about 30%had no calculus,52%less than 1/3rd of tooth,16%in between 1/3rd and 2/3rd of tooth,and 2%more than 2/3rd of the calculus was present.About 47%of mild,22%of moderate,6%of severe and 25%had no inflammation.Furthermore,for treatment purposes,20.69%was advised for scaling,19.66%for filling,16.90%for root canal treatment,17.59%for extraction,17.24%for prosthodontic treatment,1.03%for orthodontic treatment,2.07%for pulpotomy,2.41%for pulpectomy,and 2.41%for minor surgery.Overall,about 72%of the respondents,mostly the students,are suffering from decayed teeth,which may be due to a lack of frequency of brushing,indicating 95%that it is once daily.In addition,the most alarming situation among them is about 20.69%required scaling,which may be due to improper and inadequate brushing maintenance.Conclusion:to some extent,the above scenario may reflect the negative hallmark for our country’s younger generation in terms of oral health practice.Therefore,the establishment of a preventive oral health policy by our policymakers for the general population,mostly school-going students,on an emergency basis.展开更多
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the rela-tionship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and accelerated dental development. The dental developmental ages of 100 children aged between 8 and 12 years were determined using the Demirjian method and panoramic radiographs. BMI status was determined for each subject on the basis of the system developed by the International Obesity Task Force. There was a significant direct relationship between dental development and BMI (P < 0.01). Obese children have a higher rate of dental development compared to normal children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is an important variable to be considered when planning for dental and orthodontic treatments in obese children. Brief objectives statement: Overweight or obesity can accelerate dental development. Accelerated dental development in overweight children is important to be considered in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.
文摘Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed (D), missing (M), or filled (F), tooth (T) in an individual. Objectives: The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and compare its parameters by suggested new mathematical model. Mathematical Models: Fixed Model: Is a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and will be considered as fixed model;in which all individuals under screening will have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤1 of dental caries. In this fixed model the unit of the screening is the individual, and will be evaluated for caries as a dichotomous (0, 1) variable. Random Model: The new suggested model is a random model that suggests a mouth of an individual as an environment and the tooth is a unit of research. In this random model, only the teeth in one mouth have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θi ≤ 1 where i =1, 2...,k ;number of screening individuals. Expected Outcome: Mathematically, the fixed model will highlight what the value 1 will hide as information and hence this may explain why the average of DMFT is may be overestimated for any sample studied using fixed model. The random model will yield a cumulative weighed probability on the function of the number of teeth screened per mouth θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1, hence the average DMFT index will be weighed against the number of teeth screened per all subjects. Conclusion: The random model yields an average and more realistic expected value for the population studied. Furthermore, in such model, it is easy to estimate the variance and it is obvious that this model yields the smallest variance.
文摘<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b><span> Objective:</span></b><span> The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of salivary pH value and dental caries index on periodontal status among adult age groups of patients from Aseer region, Saudi Arabia</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A cross-sectional analysi</span><span>s carried out in the college of dentistry, King Khalid University on 750 </span><span>adult patients (400 males and 350 females). The adults patients were divided into three equal groups according to the patients’ age: group I (20 - 30 years), group I</span><span>I (31 - 40 years), and group III (41 - 50 years).</span><span> </span><span>Plaque index (PLI), gingi</span><span>val index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the dental caries index (DMFT)</span><span> recorded as w</span><span>ell as salivary pH. All findings collected, then analyzed by an</span><span> ANOVA test and the t</span><span>-test. A p-value at <0.05 was considered a statistical significance level.</span><span> </span><b><span>R</span></b><b><span>esults:</span></b><b><span> </span></b><span>The clinical findings of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the patients’ age of both males and females. Moreover, there were statistically significant diffe</span><span>rences in GI. On the other hand, there were highly statistically significant differences in PLI and DMFS, but there were no significant differences</span><span> in CAL of both males and females </span><span>Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary pH</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> We concluded that DMFT Index correlated to periodontal and oral hea</span><span>lth status and, it increased with the progression of the pat</span><span>ient’s age and</span><span> can be used in the epidemiological evaluation of periodontal and o</span><span>ral health status.
文摘Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among schoolchildren. We aimed to investigate the association between dental caries index and socio-demographic status in schoolchildren by using a multilevel hurdle model. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 906 primary school pupils in Kerman, Iran in 2012. The subjects were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling. At first, the whole target area was stratified according to two geographic areas, the north and south area. Then each area was stratified according to gender. In the next step, several schools were considered as clusters, which were selected randomly in each geographic area and gender strata. All the schoolchildren in these schools were included in this study as samples. Twelve-year-old pupils were examined for dental caries. The dependent variable in this study was the dmft/DMFT index. Eight variables, including socio-demographic information, were collected. Multilevel negative binomial hurdle model was employed for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of caries-free pupils was 30.1% and the mean dmft/DMFT was 3.6 ± 2.2. Negative binomial part of the adjusted model showed that the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for females was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.79) times higher than males. Also, the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for overweight pupils was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.98) times lower than those with normal weight. Logistic part of the adjusted model showed that the posibility of caries-free state in overweight pupils was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.22-3.11) times higher than those with normal weight. In addition, pupils whose fathers and mothers were workers and housewives, respectively, and those with a high maternal age were at a greater risk for caries experience than others (p < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI, gender, parent’s job and mother’s age at delivery were factors effecting on dental caries in schoolchildren. These pupils need more attention to dental care.
文摘Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes increases periodontal disease risk and its complications, which are worsened with age or faulty restorations. <strong>Aim:</strong> Evaluate periodontal health among patients with diabetes treated with different dental restorations. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Najran University, KSA, from March 2018 to February 2020. It included 260 diabetics, treated with different dental restorations, divided into four groups, each comprising 65 patients aged 45 - 60 years: Group 1 (G1), no restorations (control group);Group 2 (G2), Class II amalgam restorations;Group 3 (G3), Class II composite resin restorations;and Group 4 (G4), three-unit posterior metal ceramic prostheses. The Ages of all restorations ranged from 8 to 10 years. All groups were assessed for the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI), Overhangs Rate (OR), Alveolar Bone Loss (ABL) (the latter two using panoramic X-ray). HbA1c and duration of participants were also assessed and compared. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean HbA1c results of the groups ranged from 8.1% to 9.5%, and their mean diabetes durations ranged from 7.2 to 12 years. All the groups showed worse periodontal scores, ranging from 2.45 - 2.95 for PI and 2.25 - 2.8 for GI. G2 had higher scores than G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G4 had the highest two recorded scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001). G2 had a higher rate of overhangs than G3 (<em>p</em> < 0.037). The mean ABL was 44% (SD 6.4) for G1, 56.0% (SD 6.7) for G2, 46.5% (SD 5.8) for G3, and 74.5% (SD 6.4) for G4. The lowest values were recorded in G1 and G3 (<em>p</em> = 0.987). The highest value was observed in G4, which was significantly higher than other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The worse periodontal parameters among subjects treated with either three-unit metal ceramic or Class II amalgam restorations indicated severe periodontal destruction. Untreated subjects and subjects treated with Class II composite resin had relatively better periodontal status.
文摘Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of neurogrowth factor in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy and the effect on the serum inflammatory cytokines. Methods: A total of 156 patients with gingival pain and swelling after root canal therapy due to dental pulp necrosis were included in the study and randomized into the control group (n=78) and teh treatment group (n=78). The patients in the control group were given metronidazole tablets. On the above basis, the patients in the treatment group were given local injection of neurogrowth factors. 10-day treatment was regarded as one course, and the patients were continuously treated for 2 courses. The improvement of clinical symptoms before and after treatment in the two groups was evaluated. Gingival sulcus index and serum inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. Results: When compared with before treatment, the periodontal soft tissue swelling, tooth mobility, and periapical pain scores after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced, and those in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the two groups was significantly reduced, and that 2 courses after treatment was significantly lower than that after 1 course treatment. The gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels after treatment in the two groups, and TNF-α level after treatment in the treatment group were significantly reduced, and the above indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: The neurogrowth factors in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, with a significant efficacy.
文摘Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an active role in health screening to discover any need for clinical preventive services,including dental preventive services,and can detect health problems.Methods:A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2019.About 100 patients were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire,followed by an oral examination through a checklist and a face-to-face interview.A systematically random sampling technique was employed to select the study population.Results:Among them,the(21-30)year age group shows a maximum 20%,whereas the(71-80)year age group represents the minority with only 2%.Among them,56%were male and 44%were female.Students represent the majority of 26%,whereas others(day laborers)represent only 4%.Decayed teeth remained in 72%of cases,teeth were missing in 31%of cases,and filled teeth were present in 24%of cases.A majority of 71%clean teeth once daily,whereas only 29%clean teeth twice daily.Again,only 30%brush teeth at night and a maximum of 95%brush teeth in the morning.Moreover,a maximum of 68%use toothpaste and brushes,while only 4%use meswak for cleaning their teeth.About 4%of cases with no debris,51%of cases with less than 1/3rd of the tooth with debris,32%of cases with 1/3rd-2/3rd of the tooth with debris,and 13%of cases with more than 2/3rd of the tooth with debris were present.Again,about 30%had no calculus,52%less than 1/3rd of tooth,16%in between 1/3rd and 2/3rd of tooth,and 2%more than 2/3rd of the calculus was present.About 47%of mild,22%of moderate,6%of severe and 25%had no inflammation.Furthermore,for treatment purposes,20.69%was advised for scaling,19.66%for filling,16.90%for root canal treatment,17.59%for extraction,17.24%for prosthodontic treatment,1.03%for orthodontic treatment,2.07%for pulpotomy,2.41%for pulpectomy,and 2.41%for minor surgery.Overall,about 72%of the respondents,mostly the students,are suffering from decayed teeth,which may be due to a lack of frequency of brushing,indicating 95%that it is once daily.In addition,the most alarming situation among them is about 20.69%required scaling,which may be due to improper and inadequate brushing maintenance.Conclusion:to some extent,the above scenario may reflect the negative hallmark for our country’s younger generation in terms of oral health practice.Therefore,the establishment of a preventive oral health policy by our policymakers for the general population,mostly school-going students,on an emergency basis.
