BACKGROUND Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children.Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily.Psychosocial interventions have shown pro...BACKGROUND Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children.Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily.Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for anxiety and depression among children;however,few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in India.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence.METHODS A randomized controlled trial with a 2×4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo.Two-hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria(at least one parent with alcohol dependence)at government high schools in Bangalore,India,were randomized to the experimental(n=97)or control group(n=98).The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions(biweekly)over 4 wk after baseline assessment.The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts,replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives,modification of maladaptive behavior,developing adaptive coping skills and building self-esteem.The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1,3 and 6 mo after the intervention.Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version.RESULTS Mean age of the children was 14.68±0.58 years,60.5%were male,56%were studying in 9th standard,70.75%were from nuclear families,and mean family monthly income was 9588.1±3135.2 INR.Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52±2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-consuming parent.The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression scores,and increasing selfesteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval,when compared with the control group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression,and increasing self-esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence.The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.展开更多
Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and b...Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children.Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily.Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for anxiety and depression among children;however,few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in India.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence.METHODS A randomized controlled trial with a 2×4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo.Two-hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria(at least one parent with alcohol dependence)at government high schools in Bangalore,India,were randomized to the experimental(n=97)or control group(n=98).The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions(biweekly)over 4 wk after baseline assessment.The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts,replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives,modification of maladaptive behavior,developing adaptive coping skills and building self-esteem.The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1,3 and 6 mo after the intervention.Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version.RESULTS Mean age of the children was 14.68±0.58 years,60.5%were male,56%were studying in 9th standard,70.75%were from nuclear families,and mean family monthly income was 9588.1±3135.2 INR.Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52±2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-consuming parent.The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression scores,and increasing selfesteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval,when compared with the control group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression,and increasing self-esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence.The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.
文摘Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.
