On the Ecological Restoration Modes of Rocky Desertification in Chongqing Zhongliang Mountainous Area

In the Haishi Park Demonstration Base of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing, ecological restoration modes were established based on growth status of local plants and other natural environmental conditions, including forestry ecology, tourism ecology, agricultural ecology as well as the combined mode of various ecological types.

Study on Ecological Restoration and Characteristic Agricultural Mode at Rocky Desertification Area of Chongqing City in China——A Case Study of Nanping Town in Nanchuan District of China

The paper had introduced geographical location,natural condition and social development status of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,analyzed the development principle,necessity and feasibility of characteristic agriculture at rocky desertification area.In view of features of desertification area,it had discussed construction mode of ecological restoration in the perspectives of engineering management measures,development and utilization of water resources,and ecological restoration measures.In line with agricultural characteristic of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,the development mode of characteristic agriculture had been discussed from the aspects of characteristic Chinese medicinal crops,fruits,breeding,poultries,and cultivation.It emphasized adopting corresponding planning measures,making the best use of advantages and avoiding shortcomings,with scientific planning,reasonable layout and highlighted emphasis,so as to strive to form circular economic development tendency of good environment and harmonious ecology.

Prevention and Control Mode of Desertification in China＇s State Energy Group Shendong Mining Area with Annual Coal Output of 200 Million Tons

According to the strategic goal of sustainable development,construction and management for the construction of Shendong mining area with ecological safety,the ecological restoration principle of ＂ control protects development and development promotes control＂ for desertification prevention and control was adopted,and engineering measures,plant greening measures,and enclosure management and protection measures were taken to prevent and control desertification in the mining area based on careful detailed investigation and accurate planning and design in the early period. After 32 years,the desertification ecological landscape environment of the mining area has undergone a qualitative change,and the vegetation coverage has increased from 3%-8% to above 60% after the development. The former desertification land has become a modern green energy base that has produced 200 million tons of coal every year. The construction and management mode of an ecologically safe and modernized green coal mining area built by Shendong in the desertification region of northwestern China shows that taking appropriate comprehensive ecological restoration construction technology and management measures that integrate engineering,plants and enclosure management and protection is an effective technical and management paradigm for the construction of a modernized green large-scale coal mining area in China＇s arid and semi-arid regions.

中国北方沙漠化地区生态重建的环境政策研究——基于Bioe-conomic Model

论文以内蒙古沙漠化地区为例,运用Bioe-conom ic M odel,比较自由放牧与耕垦、禁牧与禁垦、控制放牧规模与禁垦的土地利用政策情景下,引进舍饲养牛技术与信贷服务和增加非农就业机会对农户土地利用决策及其家庭收入的影响,据此探讨中国北方地区沙漠化发展的人文驱动机制以及生态重建的环境政策。结果表明:实施控制放牧规模与禁垦的环境政策,同时引进舍饲养牛技术能够有效地促进生态重建并提高农户收入;引进舍饲养牛技术需要启动基金,提供信贷服务和增加非农就业机会是贫困农户引进该技术的前提。因此,迫切需要调整宏观环境政策,提高农业集约化经营水平和城乡联系力度,从而提高农户家庭收入、减轻农民对环境的依赖性和促进农村的可持续发展。

断陷盆地不同石漠化生态修复类型下土壤碳氮磷化学计量及酶活性特征

[目的]揭示断陷盆地石漠化生态修复区土壤养分、酶活性特征,筛选修复效果较好的模式,为石漠化修复治理提供科技支撑。[方法]以典型断陷盆地云南省建水县为研究区,探究4种植被修复类型(云南松+银木荷人工混交林、柏木+银木荷人工混交林、干香柏人工纯林、自然植被恢复样地)的土壤碳、氮、磷含量和化学计量特征及酶活性特征(淀粉酶、脱氢酶、葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶、FDA水解酶、脲酶)。[结果]土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷平均质量分数分别为25.81,1.89,0.41 g/kg,有机碳、全氮含量均为自然植被恢复下最高,全磷含量为干香柏纯林下最高;自然植被恢复下土壤C∶P与N∶P最高,C∶N最高的为柏木+银木荷混交林。土壤淀粉酶活性为干香柏人工纯林最高,自然恢复植被恢复下最低,其余酶活性均为自然植被恢复下最高。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、pH值会对土壤酶活性产生影响,且冗余分析结果显示影响土壤酶活性的最主要养分因子为全氮,解释了72.3%的土壤酶活性变异。[结论]不同植被修复模式下土壤养分及酶活性特征不同,经18 a植被修复后,自然植被恢复和干香柏人工纯林两种修复模式下土壤养分条件较好,是该地区较为合适的植被修复类型。

基于生态空间保护的云南省石漠化土地现状及生态修复策略

良好的生态空间对国家和地方经济发展起到极大的推动作用。阐述云南省土地石漠化区域生态空间保护现状,对石漠化区域生态空间退化状况及其分布进行分析,认为其成因包括气候、地质地貌、社会经济和石漠化治理4方面因素。针对以往石漠化区域生态空间保护及生态空间退化状况,提出基于生态空间的云南省石漠化土地生态修复原则、修复模式。并对云南省石漠化土地生态空间修复进行了展望。

重庆石漠化地区生态恢复和特色农业模式研究——以南川区南平镇为例

介绍了重庆市南川区的地理区位条件、自然概况和社会发展现状,分析了石漠化地区特色农业的发展原则、必要性、可行性,针对石漠化地区的特点,从工程治理措施、水资源开发与利用、生态恢复措施方面,探讨了生态恢复的构建模式。根据重庆市南川区的农业特色,从特色中药材、特色果品、特色养殖、特色猪禽、特色栽培方面探讨了其特色农业的发展模式,强调采取相应的计划措施,扬长避短,科学规划、合理布局、重点突出,努力形成环境良好、生态和谐的循环经济发展态势。

民勤沙化退耕地整治技术及造林模式选择研究

为掌握沙化退耕地植被恢复情况和最佳的适宜该地区的造林模式,以沙化退耕地整治技术及模式选择指导思想为基础,通过对民勤县沙化退耕地植被现状的调查,研究了不同年代沙化退耕地上植物群落的特性,同时分析了沙化退耕地上不同密度下梭梭和柠条的生长状况。结果表明:随着退耕时间的延长,沙化退耕地植物群落逐渐向单一化方向发展,且植被均匀度降低,土地潜在沙化的可能性提高;不同密度下梭梭的生长状况存在明显差异,当造林密度为2m×8m(615株/hm2)时,梭梭的生长状况最好;柠条的生长状况受种植密度和土壤质地的影响,同时灌水与否对柠条的生长也有一定的影响。

安徽农业绿色发展模式探索

农业绿色发展是实现农业可持续发展的必由之路,是安徽地区加快乡村振兴战略步伐,实现农业转型的必然选择。近年来,安徽农业经济迅速发展,农业绿色发展问题也受到了越来越多的关注和重视,但农业资源时有破坏、农业发展模式不够完善等状况尚未得到彻底改善,探索农业绿色发展模式是解决这些问题的必然选择。安徽地区发展农业应以绿色发展理念为指导,从省内各区域自然禀赋出发,因地制宜构建农业绿色发展模式,注重综合协调治理,真正实现经济效益、生态效益、社会效益及文化效益的统一。

盘龙河流域石漠化生态修复困难区现状特点及对策分析

文山市盘龙河流域是石漠化治理中难啃的“硬骨头”,属于典型的生态修复困难区。以该区域为研究对象,通过对其进行系统性的调查分析,归纳总结了研究区现状特点,指出在研究区开展生态修复所面临的修复难度大、治理成本高、技术支撑弱、造血能力差和绿色发展理念不足等主要问题,并针对性地提出制定科学的修复方式、建立多层次的投入机制、加强科研协作、大力发展林产业和竖立“两山”理念等建议,以期为文山州石漠化生态修复困难区的治理工作提供借鉴。

新疆节水生态农业现代化发展模式和保障措施研究

节水技术的推广,使新疆工业化、城镇化、农业现代化"三化"发展过程中农业用水制约性明显下降。节水生态农业提高了水资源的利用率、增加农户的经济效益、促进农业产业结构调整、优化生态环境。按照资源条件、经济发展水平和区位条件等,将新疆节水生态农业区域划分为生态资源较丰富经济欠发达区、农牧业主产区、城郊经济发达区、绿洲边缘节水区和外围的近沙区等5个区,并指出生态资源开发模式、"农—林—牧—加"复合生态运行模式、都市型生态农业发展模式、生态恢复和治理模式、沙区生态产业化模式等5种节水生态农业现代化发展模式的特色。提出节水"一体化"政策、构建节水生态补偿机制、健全水利法规、明晰水权、水价等措施,保障新疆节水生态农业现代化发展。