Effects of site conditions on earthquake ground motion and their applications in seismic design in loess region

The Loess Plateau is an earthquake prone region of China, where the effects of loess deposit on ground motion were discovered during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(Ms8.0) and the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake(Ms6.6). The field investigations, observations, and analyses indicated that large number of casualties and tremendous economic losses were caused not only by collapse and damage of houses with poor seismic performance, landslides, but also amplification effects of site conditions, topography and thickness of loess deposit, on ground motion. In this paper, we chose Dazhai Village and Majiagou Village as the typical loess site affected by the two earthquakes for intensity evaluation, borehole exploration, temporary strong motion array, micro tremor survey, and numerical analysis. The aim is to explore the relations between amplification factors and site conditions in terms of topography and thickness of loess deposit. We also developed site amplification factors of ground motion for engineering design consideration at loess sites. The results showed that the amplification effects are more predominant with increase in thickness of loess deposit and slope height. The amplification mayincrease seismic intensity by 1 degree, PGA and predominant period by 2 times, respectively.

Identifying Combinatorial Growth Inhibitory Effects of Various Plant Extracts on Leukemia Cells through Systematic Experimental Design

Plant extracts are widely studied for their anti-cancer and cancer preventive effects. In this study, we compared the leukemia growth inhibition effects of seven different plant extracts, theaflavin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicathechin (EC), apigenin, quercetin, chrysin and tannic acid, in vitro using the K562 erythroleukemia cell line and application of the design of experiments (DoE) methodology. Our systematic approach enabled us to isolate the main factor contribution, two-factor interactions and produced interaction relationships and/or models to describe growth inhibitory effects of different plant extracts when they are used in combination. The results identified tannic acid as the most significant inhibitor in this group and had synergistic effects with EGCG at specific concentrations. The fitted model of their combined effects showed that the most potent combination is at low concentrations of tannic acid (10 - 20 μM) and high concentrations of EGCG (80 - 100 μM). We further showed that tannic acid induced both growth inhibition and apoptosis in K562 cells in ranges between 10 - 100 μM. The polyphenol caused cell cycle arrest at G2- phase under the higher concentrations. In summary, use of DoE techniques effectively identified the most prominent inducer in this group of plant bioactive compounds and produced combinatorial bioactivity of various polyphenols and flavonoids over the entire range of concentrations under study. This study exemplifies the usefulness of DoE and serves as a guide in its utility for in vitro assessment of bioactivity in plant constituents.

Profiled Cylindrical Roller Design in Consideration of Grinding Undercut Effect

In this paper, the effect of the grinding undercut of the raceways on the longitudinal pressure distribution of the profiled rollers, which are the most popular axial profile employed by the bearing manufacturers, was discussed. Based on the profiled roller geometrical equations and numerical calculation of three dimensional elastic contact problems of finite length, a new numerical method for calculating the crown drop evaluation considering the effect of grinding undercut was used. The analyses of two structure case, that roller length is greater or less than raceway width, were carried out and compared with each other. The Results show that the width of grinding undercut must be considered in determining the crown drop of rollers.

Thermal resistance matrix representation of thermal effects and thermal design of microwave power HBTs with two-dimensional array layout

Based on the thermal network of the two-dimensional heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs) array, the thermal resistance matrix is presented, including the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance to describe the self-heating and thermal coupling effects, respectively.For HBT cells along the emitter length direction, the thermal coupling resistance is far smaller than the self-heating thermal resistance, and the peak junction temperature is mainly determined by the self-heating thermal resistance.However, the thermal coupling resistance is in the same order with the self-heating thermal resistance for HBT cells along the emitter width direction.Furthermore, the dependence of the thermal resistance matrix on cell spacing along the emitter length direction and cell spacing along the emitter width direction is also investigated, respectively.It is shown that the moderate increase of cell spacings along the emitter length direction and the emitter width direction could effectively lower the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance,and hence the peak junction temperature is decreased, which sheds light on adopting a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout to improve the uneven temperature distribution.By taking a 2 × 6 HBTs array for example, a twodimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout is designed, which can effectively lower the peak junction temperature and reduce the non-uniformity of the dissipated power.For the HBTs array with optimized layout, the high power-handling capability and thermal dissipation capability are kept when the bias voltage increases.

Large Cohort Data Based Cost-Effective Disease Prevention Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have collected data on incidence and covariates/risk factors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these large data and translation of the valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are not well developed. In this paper, we proposed, based on large cohort study data, a novel conceptual cost-effective disease prevention design strategy for a target group when it is not affordable to include everyone in the target group for intervention. Methods and Results: Data from American Indian participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 - 74 years in the Strong Heart Study, the diabetes risk prediction model from the study, a utility function, and regression models were used. A conceptual cost-effective disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to address cost-effective prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its significant risk factors, cost-effectively selecting individuals at high risk of developing disease to undergo intervention, individual differences in health conditions, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustrative example can also be analogously adopted and applied to other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.

Application of Environment Psychology in City Square Design

Concept of city square was introduced and believed as an important component of urban landscape and also a major space for urban residents' activities. Beauty of city square lies in the interaction between environment and social behaviors. By introducing the two-way interaction between city square and users, behavior psychology was proposed as the foundation of environment design of plaza. As more and more attention is given to humancentered design of outdoor spaces, environment psychology has gradually been more applied in the design of various urban landscape spaces. In view of problems in the present square design, relevant theories of environment psychology were introduced to analyze psychological needs and behavior characteristics of people in outdoor spaces, and techniques for human- centered designs of city square explored to build public spaces for city dwellers.

Study on the Use of Nationalities Decorative Colors in Modem Packaging Design

In modem packaging design, color, as an element of the intense visual impact, plays a very important role, and also can effectively enhance the effect of commercial packaging. However, uniqueness is necessarily available in the design of packaging according to the increase of consumer demand and the increasingly fierce market competition, while one of the effective ways to improve the effect of packaging design is to make full use of nationalities decorative colors. In this paper, the use of nationalities decorative colors in the modem packaging design is studied.

CONSTRUCTION OF OPTIMAL BLOCKING SCHEMES FOR ROBUST PARAMETER DESIGNS

Robust parameter design （RPD） is an important issue in experimental designs. If all experimental runs cannot be performed under homogeneous conditions, blocking the units is effective. In this paper, we obtain the correspondence relation between fractional factorial RPDs and the blocking schemes for full factorial RPDs. In addition, we provide a construction of optimal blocking schemes that make all main effects and control-by-noise two-factor interactions estimable.

Conceptual Design Optimization of Fighter Trainer Aircraft with Double-delta Wing Configuration

Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. An operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effectiveness of trainer aircraft. Approaches to the engineering estimation of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft with a double delta wing configuration were studied, and the procedures for determining aircraft performance indices formulated. Taking training effectiveness as the objective function and geometric parameters of the wing platform as design variables, through a numerical multivariate optimization arithmetic, the conceptual design optimization for a certain fighter trainer aircraft with double delta wing configuration was carried out under the constraints of tactical and technical requirements and interrelated geometry. Agreement of a calculation example with engineering practice indicates that the optimal design has higher training effectiveness than the baseline design, and in addition, improves the structural force bearing conditions.

Star Grain Regression Analysis under Spin Effect and Chamber Pressure Effect

The angular acceleration due to the spin effect increases the burning rate of solid propellant and changes the motor performance by increasing the operating pressure and decreasing the burning time. So it is important to know the grain regression taken place in the solid propellant rocket motor in the acceleration field. This study represents the grain regression analysis of two-dimensional axis-symmetric star grain configuration of the solid propellant rocket motor with spin induced acceleration effect and pressure effect on burn rate using geometrical and numerical analysis. While the rocket is spinning, the burn rates on each point of the propellant surface are different with its radial distance, acceleration vector angle and surface slope. With the different burn rates on the propellant surface, we analyze the propellant surface perimeter and port area, and these results are compared with those of constant burn rate and burn rate affected by the chamber pressure.

COMPUTATION OF THE E(s^2) VALUES OF SOME E(s^2) OPTIMAL SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS

A supersaturated design is a design whose run size is not enough for estimating all the main effects represented by the columns of the design matrix. It is widely used in the preliminary stages of industrial statistics and other scientific experiments. In this paper, formulas for computing the E(s2) values of E(s2) optimal supersaturated designs with m = t(n - 1) ± e(e = 1 and 2) are given, and the accuracy and convenience of using these formulas are demonstrated by an example.

Design Knowledge and Software Engineering

This paper points out various relationships between Design Knowledge and Software Engineering. After introduction of human design, the relationships between industrial Software Engineering is discussed, then further details of human design knowledge are revealed with discussions on humanistic aspects of design.

Othogonal Waveform Design for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Radar

An effective numerical approach is developed for orthogonal waveform design for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar. The Doppler shift tolerance is considered in the design cost function. The design results indicate that the Doppler? tolerance of the designed orthogonal waveforms is markedly improved.

边岛式上层建筑结构设计与性能分析

本文采用规范计算与有限元分析相结合的方法,针对边岛式上层建筑的结构设计、强度校核、参与总纵弯曲的有效度和边岛式上层建筑对船体总振动的影响等方面进行研究,分析不同结构设计型式和计算方法的适用性,给出边岛式上层建筑结构在设计、力学性能分析等过程中的相关建议,为其他船舶的边岛式上层建筑提供设计参考。

动物营养学课程思政元素融合创新设计

动物营养学课程是动物科学专业的三大主干核心课程之一,是现代动物高效生产的理论基础。充分挖掘动物营养学的育人要素,对动物科学专业大学生的未来职业规划、个人价值塑造和能力培养具有重要的意义。本文以教育部印发修订后的《高等学校思想政治理论课建设标准(2021年本)》为指导,结合东北农业大学双一流学科畜牧学背景下的动物营养学教学大纲知识点,从作者参加高校青年教师竞赛的感悟和反思入手,对双一流学科建设下动物营养学的课程思政元素进行融合创新设计。从动物营养学课程思政价值意蕴的认识、思想政治建设的基础、思政元素的挖掘思维到每一个章节课程思政元素的案例凝练和传递方法的落实,以及思政建设教学效果的预期成效和评价方式等方面设计思政元素的融合途径。通过系统的动物营养学知识与思政元素的融合输出方式,达到增强双一流学科专业大学生服务农业农村现代化、服务乡村全面振兴的使命感和责任感的目的。

基于均匀试验设计的小浆果多酚体外协同抗氧化活性研究

为研究4种小浆果多酚的协同抗氧化活性,选用均匀试验设计法优化小浆果多酚协同抗氧化组合,经过统计分析和数学回归模型拟合得到最优组合——笃斯越橘多酚(D2)、红豆越橘多酚(H2)、蓝靛果多酚(L2)、蔓越莓多酚(M2)最佳质量浓度分别为42、138、172、0μg/mL,对DPPH自由基的实际清除率为98.07%±0.31%,接近理论期望值100%,说明模型优选的组合具有可行性。通过协同效应分析,优选组合清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的协同效应指数(Combination Index,CI)值分别为0.57和0.64,进一步说明笃斯越橘多酚(D2)、红豆越橘多酚(H2)、蓝靛果多酚(L2)3种浆果多酚具有显著协同抗氧化效果。研究成果可为天然抗氧剂及小浆果功能产品研发提供依据。

Evaluating and Improving the Effectiveness of Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Programs: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Framework

Motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs are designed to identify high-emitting vehicles and mitigate their impacts on air quality and climate. I/M programs have been traditionally ranked superior among various vehicle emission control measures by the results of cost-benefit analysis, based on the assumption that these programs will achieve the targeted emission reduction outcomes. However, the actual effects of I/M programs may be greatly uncertain and when this uncertainty is taken into account, these programs may become suboptimal. This study develops a new a cost-benefit analysis framework that links various program design consideration, such as program participation rate, identification rate and effective repair rate, to the public health benefits as well as costs of the programs. This framework helps decision makers to investigate minimum implementation requirements that at least ensure the benefits are greater than the costs of implementing the programs in order to improve the overall effectiveness of the I/M programs. To illustrate the applications of the framework, it was applied to a particulate matter oriented I/M program targeting all diesel-fueled vehicles in the city of Bangkok, Thailand, a large metropolitan area that has been suffering from severe ambient PM pollution mainly attributable to its wide use of diesel-fueled vehicles and motorcycles. It was found that the health benefits achieved from the program are sensitive to several key program design elements, including participation rate and problem vehicle identification rate, fraction of effective repairs and illegal operation rate. Other variables, such as the testing cut-points and vehicle population growth rate, only have modest effects on the overall emission reduction and consequent health benefits. Overall, the performance of multiple variables associated with I/M program design needs to be improved simultaneous in order to achieve the targeted benefits of the program.

专业设计、用户设计还是AI设计?设计源效应的心理机制

设计源效应是指企业产品设计来源信息对消费者产品偏好和企业态度的影响。目前,专业设计师、用户和AI是三种常见的产品设计源。这三种产品设计源通过不同的作用机制对消费者心理和行为产生积极或消极的影响。其中,能力是专业设计源效应产生的作用机制,能力、权力和心理距离是用户设计源效应产生的作用机制,而价值和信息是AI设计源效应产生的作用机制。同时,设计源效应是有作用条件的,会受到消费者、产品、企业因素的约束。未来研究可以深入探讨消费者对混合设计源的反应、进一步探讨设计源效应的作用机制和作用条件。

耕读文化与环境土壤学课程实践教育融合探析

新时代高校开展耕读教育是推进乡村振兴的文化自觉,也是深化实践教育的内涵延伸。该文通过3年环境土壤学实践教育与耕读文化的融合,结合地域特色、建设实践基地,阐述在融合过程中,如何通过耕读文化培养学生学农、爱农、弘农的责任感与使命感。以期激发学生主动学习的热情和兴趣,将理论扎根于实践,使耕读文化贯穿教学环节,实现专业课与耕读文化的有机统一。

视频中的交互设计可以促进学习吗?——基于53项实验与准实验的元分析

交互设计可以增加学习者与学习内容的互动性,从而促进其主动学习,因而在教育领域的重要性日益凸显。然而,交互设计在教学视频中的作用尚存在一定争议。因此,研究纳入53项国内外实证研究进行元分析,系统地分析了交互设计对视频学习的影响。主效应检验结果发现,视频中的交互设计对总注视时间、学习参与度、学习动机、学习满意度、保持成绩、迁移成绩和延迟测试成绩有显著的促进作用,但对认知负荷的影响不显著。研究进一步从交互功能特征、学习者特征、学习材料特征、学习情境特征四个维度进行调节效应分析,结果发现,交互设计的作用受到多种因素影响,如交互类型、先验知识、学科领域、学习步调等。因此,在设计和实施教学视频时,应全面考虑交互设计的本身特性、学习者的个体差异等多方面因素,以更有效地发挥交互设计在教育中的优势。