Study on the System Design of Multiple Expert Systems Integrated Decision Support System

There has been an increasing interest in integrating decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) to provide decision makers a more accessible, productive and domain-independent information and computing environment. This paper is aimed at designing a multiple expert systems integrated decision support system (MESIDSS) to enhance decision makers' ability in more complex cases. The basic framework, management system of multiple ESs, and functions of MESIDSS are presented. The applications of MESIDSS in large-scale decision making processes are discussed from the following aspects of problem decomposing, dynamic combination of multiple ESs, link of multiple bases and decision coordinating. Finally, a summary and some ideas for the future are presented.

An Innovative Soft Design Science Methodology for Improving Development of a Secure Information System in Tanzania Using Multi-Layered Approach

This paper presents an innovative Soft Design Science Methodology for improving information systems security using multi-layered security approach. The study applied Soft Design Science Methodology to address the problematic situation on how information systems security can be improved. In addition, Soft Design Science Methodology was compounded with mixed research methodology. This holistic approach helped for research methodology triangulation. The study assessed security requirements and developed a framework for improving information systems security. The study carried out maturity level assessment to determine security status quo in the education sector in Tanzania. The study identified security requirements gap (IT security controls, IT security measures) using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems Security Engineering-Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM) with a rating scale of 0 - 5. The results of this study show that maturity level across security domain is 0.44 out of 5. The finding shows that the implementation of IT security controls and security measures for ensuring security goals are lacking or conducted in ad-hoc. Thus, for improving the security of information systems, organisations should implement security controls and security measures in each security domain (multi-layer security). This research provides a framework for enhancing information systems security during capturing, processing, storage and transmission of information. This research has several practical contributions. Firstly, it contributes to the body of knowledge of information systems security by providing a set of security requirements for ensuring information systems security. Secondly, it contributes empirical evidence on how information systems security can be improved. Thirdly, it contributes on the applicability of Soft Design Science Methodology on addressing the problematic situation in information systems security. The research findings can be used by decision makers and lawmakers to improve existing cyber security laws, and enact laws for data privacy and sharing of open data.

DESIGN OF RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS WITH STRONGLY COUPLED NATURE

Today＇s manufacturing cnvironmem forces manufacturing companies to make as many product variations as possible at affordable costs within a short time. Mass customisation is one of most important technologies for companies to achieve their objectives. Efforts to mass customisation should be made on two aspects： （1） To modularize products and make them as less differences as possible; （2） To design manufacturing resources and make them provide as many processes variations as possible. This paper reports our recent work on aspect （2）, i.e. how to design a reconfignrable manufacturing system （RMS） so that it can be competent to accomplish various processes optimally; Reconfignrable robot system （RRS） is taken as an example. RMS design involves architecture design and configuration design, and configuration design is further divided in design analysis and design synthesis. Axiomatic design theory （ADT） is applied to architecture design, the features and issues of RRS configuration design are discussed, automatic modelling method is developed for design analysis, and concurrent design methodology is presented for design synthesis.

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference. The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.

Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems Considering Dynamic Production Planning and Worker Assignments

This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.

THE EXPERT SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGY DESIGNFOR DYEING AND FINISHING

This paper introduces a CAD system for silk dyeing and finishing.According to the technologicalrequirement,and the device condition,the technology design for silk boiling and bleaching is directlymade by a computer,on the basis of the principles and the principles of the expert system and the accu-mulated experience in the industry of silk boiling- off with bleaching,It discusses the construction ofthe data base for the system,the expression of various kinds of knowledge,the way of obtainingknowledge by the system and the design thought model,An example is provided for the expert systemdesign in this field.

A DEVELOPING TOOL FOR THE EXPERT SYSTEM IN TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND EXPERT SYSTEM FOR COCOON COOKING

This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.

基于Design-Expert软件设计优化大蒜多糖提取工艺

主要研究大蒜多糖提取的4种影响因素及其交互作用对大蒜多糖提取率的影响,借助于Design-Expert软件设计,优化大蒜多糖提取工艺条件,以期为开发利用大蒜多糖提供参考。采用水煮醇沉法提取大蒜多糖,以苯酚-硫酸法检测其含量,分别考察浸提时间、料液比、浸提温度及浸提次数对大蒜多糖得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用Design-Expert软件进行四因素三水平Box-Behnken试验设计,建立了大蒜多糖提取率和各因素之间的数学模型。结果表明,提取温度、液料比、提取时间和提取次数的一次项,个别交互项及其二次项对大蒜多糖得率的影响显著,而液料比与提取时间,液料比与提取次数的交互项作用不明显。大蒜多糖提取最优条件最终确定为:提取温度81℃,液料比14∶1(m L/g),提取时间84 min,提取次数2次。

基于design-expert软件设计优化动物双歧杆菌培养条件工艺

主要研究培养条件对动物双歧杆菌活菌数的影响,design-expert软件辅助优化设计,以期更好的为双歧杆菌的研究提供基础数据及满足工业化生产需要。采用改良的玉米糖化液为培养基,以活菌数为响应值,选取不同的玉米糖化液浓度、培养温度、接种量和初始p H,借助design-expert软件建立四因素三水平的试验,得到响应值与各因素之间交互作用的数学模型。结果表明:接种量与培养温度一次项显著,4个因素的二次项及玉米糖化液浓度与接种量的交互项显著,其他项不显著。动物双歧杆菌的最佳培养条件分别为:接种量7.4%,玉米糖化液浓度12.0°Bx,初始p H6.5,培养温度37.4℃。

AN EXPERT SYSTEM OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR WHEEL LOADERS

WLCDES is an expert system of wheel loader general sccheme design.In this paper, the system structure,conceptual design method,parameter design strategy and application of WL- CDES are introduced and disccussed.

An Expert System Realization for Conceptual Design of Mechanical Products

Through the practice of developing an expert system FBCDES(Feed Box Conceptual De- sign Expert System)for the planomillingmachine in CIMS ERC(CIMS Engineering Research Center) in China,the paper intends to introduce a common problem-solving strategy for the mechanical product conceptual design expert system.Meanwhile some problems such as system architecture,knowledge representations and inference engine sets are also described.A yet more detailed discussion is given to the technical problems for realizing two key modules,that is concept design module and layout module.

AN APPROACH TO FEATURE-BASED PARAMETRIC DESIGN FOR DIE AND MOULD

An approach to feature-based parametric design for die and mould is proposed in this paper.The assembly relationship and parts of the die and mould are described by feature.The dependent relationship of features is described by parent-child operator structure.The feature shape and location can be modified by design parameters.An expert system is used for deriving a geometry of the features which satisfies the given constraints.This approach provides a more natural and convenient method of representing a parametric model of the die and mould.

Motion/Posture Modeling and Simulation Verification of Physically Handicapped in Manufacturing System Design

Non-obstacle design is critical to tailor physically handicapped workers in manufacturing system. Simultaneous consideration of variability in physically disabled users, machines and environment of the manufacturing system is extremely complex and generally requires modeling of physically handicapped interaction with the system. Most current modeling either concentrates on the task results or functional disability. The integration of physical constraints with task constraints is far more complex because of functional disability and its extended influence on adjacent body parts. A framework is proposed to integrate the two constraints and thus model the specific behavior of the physical handicapped in virtual environment generated by product specifications. Within the framework a simplified model of physical disabled body is constructed, and body motion is generated based on 3 levels of constraints（effecter constraints, kinematics constraints and physical constraints）. The kinematics and dynamic calculations are made and optimized based on the weighting manipulated by the kinematics constraints and dynamic constraints. With object transferring task as example, the model is validated in Jack 6.0. Modelled task motion elements except for squatting and overreaching well matched with captured motion elements. The proposed modeling method can model the complex behavior of the physically handicapped by integrating both task and physical disability constraints.

Design of Experiments (DOE)—A Valuable Multi-Purpose Methodology

The DOE methodology is an effective tool for upgrading the level of measurement and assessment. In any design, planning or control problem the designer is faced with many alternatives. He/she is challenged to develop design approaches that can meet both quality and cost criteria. The way experiments are designed greatly affects the effective use of the experimental resources and the easiness with which the measured results can be analyzed. This paper does not present new evidence based on designed experiments. Its objective is solely to show how useful application of multifactor experiments is in a variety of circumstances and decision making scenarios. The paper reviews three published examples where this method was used in different contexts: quality control, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and logistics systems. The physical experiment has been carried out to improve the quality of a special type of batteries. The simulation experiment has been carried out to investigate the impact of several flexibility factors in a flexible manufacturing system. The numerical value of a complex analytical expression representing a customer oriented logistics performance measure has been calculated for different values of its parameters, i.e. the given numerical values of the investigated factors. It enabled a methodical examination of all factor effects and especially their interactions, thus shedding light on complex aspects of the logistics decision problem. In these examples, cases from different contexts were presented, enabling to view design of experiments as a powerful ingredient for improving decision making in a variety of circumstances.

Agent-Based Synthesis of Distributed Controllers for Discrete Manufacturing Systems

A method for designing real-time distributed controllers of discrete manufacturing systems is presented. The approach held is agent based;the controller strategy is distributed into several interacting agents that operate each one on a part of the manufacturing process;these agents may be distributed into several interconnected processors. The proposed method consists of a modelling methodology and software development framework that provides a generic agent architecture and communication facilities supporting the interaction among agents.

“BOTTOM-UP”OR“TOP-DOWN”——ON THE METHODOLOGY OF URBAN DESIGN

Aiming at the problems cased by the fast increase of industry and popula-tion in China,the paper cxpounds the conceptual connotation of urban dcsign and theinteraction between urban form and design,sums up the“top-down”and“bottom-up”urban design approaches in history,and points out that subject of urban design——as anavailable approach to cope with the problems of building cities——should be put forwardin China as quickly as possible.

Research on Visual Virtual Design Platform for NC Machine Tools

The fundamental ideas on building the collaborative design platform of virtual visualization for NC machine tools are introduced. The platform is based on the globally shared product model conforming to the STEP Standard,and used PDM system to integrate and encapsulate CAD/CAE and other application software for the product development. The platform also integrated the expert system of NC machine tools design,analysis and estimation. This expert system utilized fuzzy estimation principle to evaluate the design and simulation analysis results and make decisions. The platform provides the collaborative intelligent environment for the design of virtual NC machine tools prototype aiming at integrated product design team. It also supports the customized development of NC machine tools.

基于Design-Expert超高强钢金属粉芯焊丝焊接熔敷金属合金系优化设计研究

采用Design-Expert软件对超高强钢金属粉芯焊丝焊接熔敷金属合金系进行了优化设计,为使焊接熔敷金属生成复相分割组织,确定了合金体系中主合金系为Mn-Si-Cr-Mo-Ni,微合金系为Zr-Ti-Ce。通过Design-Expert优化设计对试验数据进行统计分析并建立响应曲面,建立了合金元素与熔敷金属力学性能的回归方程。结果表明,试验优化力学性能预测值与实测值达到很好的吻合,所研制的3-17号焊丝的最优合金配比为0. 05%C,1. 94%Mn,0. 64%Si,0. 42%Cr,0. 54%Mo,2. 46%Ni,0. 077%Zr,0. 040%Ti,0. 033%Ce,0. 010%P和0. 004%S,熔敷金属的抗拉强度为915 MPa,屈服强度为800MPa,断后伸长率为17. 0%,-40℃冲击吸收能量平均值为97 J,获得了最佳强韧性匹配。

A Real-time Concurrent Product and Process Design System for Mechanical Parts

A real time concurrent product and process design system for mechanical parts is described in this paper. It consists of integrated product model, the expert system of product manufacturability evaluation and the controller of concurrent design. With the help of the controller of concurrent design, each feature of a part can be designed and evaluated based on manufacturing knowledge and resources, and can be modified according to the results of evaluation. The machining method of design feature can be selected based on manufacturing knowledge. So real time concurrent product and process design can be implemented based on integrated product model that is established based on generalized feature. Products and its design process can be optimized with the help of this system. The information and function integration of product design process can be realized. The time to market and the cost of products can be reduced.

GEAR BOX CONCEPT DESIGN EXPERT SYSTEM OF NC MILLER BASED ON OBJECT─ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY

The method and basic structure of object─oriented knowledge representation are presented in detail and the hierarchical structurc of object description is explained Based on object─oriented technology.the gear box concept design expert cistem of NC miller (GBCDLS) has been developed and applied to practical use.Moreover. the design principlc and techniques of GBCDES are discussed and analyzed. and the main functions of GBCDES are described. From the results of applications.it can be seen that GBCDES is effective and successful.