Evaluating Methods of Visual Assistance for Workers to Improve Quality and Usability in Individualized Kitchen Cabinet Assembly

In times of digitalisation, visual assistance systems in assembly are increasingly important. The design of these assembly systems needs to be highly complex to meet the requirements. Due to the increasing number of variants in production processes, as well as shorter innovation and product life cycles, assistance systems should improve quality and reduce complexity of assembly processes. However, many large kitchen manufacturers still assemble kitchen cabinets manually, due to the high variety of components, such as rails and fittings. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of virtual assistance systems to improve quality and usability in individualised kitchen cabinet assembly processes at a large German manufacturer. A solution is identified and detailed.

Study on Automated Assembly Process Planning for the Spindle Box of NC Lathe

This paper introduces a system of computer aided assembly process planning for spindle box of NC lathe. The method of describing assembly information and generating assembly process drawing is presented. The principles of decision for assembly sequence ar

Integrated Virtual Assembly Process Planning System

Assembly process planning（APP） for complicated products is a time-consuming and difficult work with conventional method. Virtual assembly process planning（VAPP） provides engineers a new and efficiency way. Previous studies in VAPP are almost isolated and dispersive, and have not established a whole understanding and discussed key realization techniques of VAPP from a systemic and integrated view. The integrated virtual assembly process planning（IVAPP） system is a new virtual reality based engineering application, which offers engineers an efficient, intuitive, immersive and integrated method for assembly process planning in a virtual environment. Based on analysis the information integration requirement of VAPP, the architecture of IVAPP is proposed. Through the integrated structure, IVAPP system can realize information integration and workflow controlling. In order to mode/the assembly process in IVAPP, a hierarchical assembly task list（HATL） is presented, in which different assembly tasks for assembling different components are organized into a hierarchical list. A process-oriented automatic geometrical constraint recognition algorithm（AGCR） is proposed, so that geometrical constraints between components can be automatically recognized during the process of interactive assembling. At the same time, a progressive hierarchical reasoning（PHR） model is discussed. AGCR and PHR will greatly reduce the interactive workload. A discrete control node model（DCNM） for cable harness assembly planning in IVAPP is detailed. DCNM converts a cable harness into continuous flexed line segments connected by a series of section center points, and designs can realize cable harness planning through controlling those control nodes. Mechanical assemblies （such as transmission case and engine of automobile） are used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method and algorithms. The application of IVAPP system reveals advantages over the traditional assembly process planning method in shortening the time-consumed in assembly planning and in minimizing the handling difficulty, excessive reorientation and dissimilarity of assembly operations.

COMPUTER-AIDED BLOCK ASSEMBLY PROCESS PLANNING IN SHIPBUILD-ING BASED ON RULE-REASONING

Computer-aided block assembly process planning based on rule-reasoning are developed in order to improve the assembly efficiency and implement the automated block assembly process planning generation in shipbuilding. First, weighted directed liaison graph （WDLG） is proposed to represent the model of block assembly process according to the characteristics of assembly relation, and edge list （EL） is used to describe assembly sequences. Shapes and assembly attributes of block parts are analyzed to determine the assembly position and matched parts of parts used frequently. Then, a series of assembly rules are generalized, and assembly sequences for block are obtained by means of rule reasoning. Final, a prototype system of computer-aided block assembly process planning is built. The system has been tested on actual block, and the results were found to be quite efficiency. Meanwhile, the fundament for the automation of block assembly process generation and integration with other systems is established.

A review of cable layout design and assembly simulation in virtual environments

The layout and assembly of flexible cables play important roles in the design and development of complex electromechanical products.The rationality of cable layout design and the reliability of cable assembly greatly affect product quality.In this paper,we review the methods of cable layout design,cable assembly process planning,and cable assembly simulation.We first review research on flexible cable layout design(both interactive and automatic).Then,research on the cable assembly process planning,including cable assembly path and manipulation planning,is reviewed.Finally,cable assembly simulation is introduced,which includes general cable information,cable collision detection data,and cable assembly process modeling.Current problems and future research directions are summarized at the end of the paper.

Semantic Entity Recognition and Relation Construction Method for Assembly Process Document

Assembly process documents record the designers'intention or knowledge.However,common knowl-edge extraction methods are not well suitable for assembly process documents,because of its tabular form and unstructured natural language texts.In this paper,an assembly semantic entity recognition and relation con-struction method oriented to assembly process documents is proposed.First,the assembly process sentences are extracted from the table through concerned region recognition and cell division,and they will be stored as a key-value object file.Then,the semantic entities in the sentence are identified through the sequence tagging model based on the specific attention mechanism for assembly operation type.The syntactic rules are designed for realizing automatic construction of relation between entities.Finally,by using the self-constructed corpus,it is proved that the sequence tagging model in the proposed method performs better than the mainstream named entity recognition model when handling assembly process design language.The effectiveness of the proposed method is also analyzed through the simulation experiment in the small-scale real scene,compared with manual method.The results show that the proposed method can help designers accumulate knowledge automatically and efficiently.

Cable Harness Assembly Planning in Virtual Environment

Based on the analysis of characteristic of cable harness planning in virtual environment,a discrete control node modeling (DCNM) method of cable harness in virtual environment and the cable harness assembly routing technique based on it are proposed. DCNM converts a cable harness into continuous flexed line segments connected by a series of section center points,and the design can realize cable harness planning through controlling those control nodes. This method of cable harness routing in the virtual environment breaks the status that virtual assembly process planning is just suitable for the rigid components at present,and impulse the virtual assembly process planning to be more practical. Relation algorithms have been verified in a self-developed system named virtual cable harness assembly planning (VCHAP) system,and this VCHAP system has been applied in assembly process planning of aerospace-related products.

An Optimal Solutions to Job Planning Problems in the Assembly Shop by Timed Petri Net

Job planning (JP) systems shop oriented provide a basis for job shop scheduling and control in organizing short term production activities. This paper presents a method based on timed Petri net (TPN) method that is used to program optimal JP for assembly shop. It includes three parts further. Firstly, an architecture of solutions to JP problems for any kind of shop oriented is presented to define a particular JP for a designated JP problem. Secondly, Petri net model is specified for aircraft part assembly processes. Finally, algorithms for optimizing generation of dynamic mechanism and a simulating case are then discussed. In comparison with traditional methods such as PERT or CPM, it is obviously convenient for planners or schedulers to schedule and manage assembly processes.

Top-down assembly design using assembly features

The primary task of top-down assembly design is to define a product抯 detailed physical description satisfying its functional requirements identified during the functional design phase. The implementation of this design process requires two things, that is, product functional representation and a general assembly model. Product functions are not only the formulation of a customer抯 needs, but also the input data of assembly design. A general assembly model is to support the evolving process of the elaboration of a product structure. The assembly feature of extended concept is taken as a functional carrier, which is a generic relation among assembly-modeled entities. The model of assembly features describes the link between product functions and form features of parts. On the basis of this link, the propagation of design modifications is discussed so as to preserve the functionality and the coherence of the assembly model. The formal model of assembly design process describes the top-down process of creating an assembly model. This formal model is represented by the combination of assembly feature operations, the assembly model and the evaluation process. A design case study is conducted to verify the applicability of the presented approaches.

浅谈基于Process Designer的总装数字化工厂搭建

面对汽车制造业的日益竞争,如何降低成本,提高质量是关键,应用Process Designer作为总装解决方案,制作虚拟生产工厂,规划工艺布局,实现总装数字化工厂搭建,对于缩短整车开发时间,提高设备利用率,有效控制车间资源及物料摆布具有巨大作用。

市政宽幅空心板梁桥加固设计关键技术

针对当前普遍暴露出来的装配式空心板梁桥病害,以武汉市三环线地面层五座空心板梁桥维修加固工程为背景,进行维修加固设计,提出的主要设计方法包括:梁体横向分块依次整体顶升的施工方案;新支座垫块双层设计;可根据现场实际情况进行适时调整的三种不同的支座垫块与墩台帽梁连接方式;铰缝跨缝植筋处理。施工过程及运营情况表明,这些设计方法在增加了施工的便利性,缩短了工期的同时,起到了良好的加固效果,有效恢复并提高了结构的整体受力性能、恢复了结构耐久性。

装配式节能小住宅的设计与创新——德国曼海姆装配式小住宅案例解析及启示

装配式建筑在我国城镇及乡村小住宅建设中有巨大发展潜力,同时,当前对低能耗和居住舒适性的追求对其节能设计提出了更高的要求。文章基于德国曼海姆装配式小住宅案例数据库,归纳其技术特点,分析户型分类特征与多样化、定制化设计策略。曼海姆装配式节能小住宅兼顾适用性、工业化、高能效前提下的建筑创作逻辑,对我国装配式节能小住宅设计有一定的启示和借鉴作用。

盾构机主驱动装配生产线关键技术研究与应用

针对盾构机主驱动装配效率低下和质量管控难度大的缺点,研制了一种集高效装配与数据传输于一体的主驱动装配生产线。在盾构机主驱动装配生产线总体设计方案的基础上,对主驱动零件自动化清洗、物料自动化转运、零/部件自动化装配、紧固件拧紧信息在线检测及存储和智能调度系统等关键技术展开研究,以高度集成的自动化设备取代传统人工装配流程,在提高主驱动装配质量和效率的同时实现了装配信息的管理与追溯,形成了主驱动装配生产线核心技术体系。最终设计的盾构机主驱动装配生产线顺利建成并完成了实际工艺验证,达到设计效果,现已成功应用于多种规格主驱动的装配生产作业,并取得了显著的经济效益。

飞机操纵面数字化互换性设计

随着数字化装配技术的逐渐成熟和推广应用,适应数字量传递的互换性设计对于提升飞机操纵面设计效率、稳定装配质量和降低维护成本具有现实意义。以飞机操纵面的互换性设计为研究对象,针对互换性的要求分析设计要点,建立与数字化装配相协调的互换性设计流程;从操纵面的构型特征角度分析互换性设计的结构元素;提出实现操纵面互换性的技术途径,给出相应的参考指标;以某型飞机的副翼为例,对其进行互换性分析和设计,并通过实际装配进行检验。结果表明:本文建立的操纵面互换性设计流程合理可行,能够满足互换性要求。

改良粽角榫的参数化设计方法

粽角榫结构复杂,当其零件尺寸变化时,内部榫卯尺寸应相应变化。多变的零件尺寸使结构设计工作效率低下,不适合榫卯数字化加工的发展。基于粽角榫结构间的尺寸关系,用参数化设计的方法提高粽角榫结构的加工效率很有必要。分析传统粽角榫和6种改良粽角榫的结构特点,选择最适合数字化加工的改良粽角榫结构。建立所选改良粽角榫的零件模型,确定榫卯形态、设定榫卯尺寸参数,并建立尺寸参数表。基于装配约束关系,建立粽角榫内部各尺寸参数间的函数关系,并区分驱动尺寸和从动尺寸;基于工艺约束关系,设定部分尺寸参数的合理取值范围和预设值。最后,整合自变量、预设参数、固定参数和因变量建立改良粽角榫尺寸参数系统及函数关系表,完成参数化设计的数据架构。通过改良粽角榫尺寸参数系统及函数关系表,结合数控加工设备的操作系统进行编程,可实现输入榫卯驱动尺寸后系统自动输出其他尺寸参数的作用,为零件尺寸不同的粽角榫结构设计提供了快速便捷的方法。家具榫卯内部有规律的结构关系可表达为榫卯尺寸参数间的函数关系,以此为基础建立的榫卯参数化设计方法为多变的家具结构设计提供了简化增效的途径。

多能源乘用车总装工艺规划分析

为满足纯电动车型和混动车型等多种能源车型共线生产对汽车总装工厂制造柔性化、设备共用性、个性化定制的更高质量和更快制造响应的要求,通过结合工作实践并对标全球标杆主机厂,以多能源乘用汽车总装工艺规划在精益生产模式、数字化仿真、用户体验、碳中和等前沿技术领域战略方法的运用,给出了适应多能源车型高效共线生产的总装工艺规划的关键制造因素,为未来全新的高效混线汽车总装工厂建设提供参考。

汽车总装防错体系研究

为规避汽车总装生产过程中装错零件、装错位置、未装到位和漏装等错装风险,从设计、工艺、物流、管理4个维度建立总装防错体系。阐述并用案例说明了产品通用化、结构防错、颜色防错、标识防错、工艺路线防错、工艺卡注明、扫码防错、智能化拧紧系统、工业视觉系统、成套零部件供应(SPS)物流模式、智能亮灯系统、物料清单(BOM)管理、断点管理等防错子维度的工作原理和应用要点,指出了需要各维度的复合以达到良好的防错效果。

装配式混凝土住宅全过程管控要点分析

装配式混凝土住宅工程品质是目前消费者非常关切的问题,工程质量、结构安全、舒适度等问题受到广泛关注。设计、生产、施工等阶段全过程的有效管控是确保装配式住宅工程品质的有力措施。论文通过对装配式混凝土住宅项目的设计、生产、施工等阶段全过程质量安全管控的解读,逐一分析各个阶段的管控重点及措施,希望能够为我国装配式混凝土住宅的工程品质提升提供一定的参考。

AVEVA Marine软件在船体生产设计中的应用

船体生产设计是船舶制造中的一个重要环节,其设计质量和效率不仅关系着船舶的建造质量,还关系着船舶的建造周期。基于船体生产设计,如何快速高效地设计出完美的图纸,是船体工程师追求的目标。本文针对AVEVA Marine软件在船体生产设计中的应用进行研究,供各位同仁参考与借鉴。

某建筑科技公司预制梁厂智能化流水线的初步设计与主要投入概算探析

以某建筑科技公司智能化预制梁厂场地规划和市场梁片需求为例,进行单条30 mT梁和20 m空心板梁流水生产线的基本参数及通用智能台车结构的设计,并提出2种不同的4条单向循环预制梁生产线整体设计方案和分两期建设的建议,使实际梁厂建设与市场需求相匹配。通过智能化梁厂与传统梁场生产效率和主要投入概算的对比,得出结果:智能化生产线较传统固定单台座生产效率可由2.5片/月提高至15片/月,单条生产线的生产效率可达30片/月;一期工程仅在50%的场地建设2条智能化生产线可达到传统梁场总产能,并且总投入减少17.3%;在二期扩大规模生产中,预制梁厂智能化生产线仅需增大18.0%的投入,生产产能可增大2倍,并能削减部分施工人员,降低人员成本,提高生产效益。