A review of design intelligence:progress,problems,and challenges

Design intelligence is an important branch of artificial intelligence(AI),focusing on the intelligent models and algorithms in creativity and design.In the context of AI 2.0,studies on design intelligence have developed rapidly.We summarize mainly the current emerging framework of design intelligence and review the state-of-the-art techniques of related topics,including user needs analysis,ideation,content generation,and design evaluation.Specifically,the models and methods of intelligence-generated content are reviewed in detail.Finally,we discuss some open problems and challenges for future research in design intelligence.

AN EFFICIENT ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR INTELLIGENT DESIGN RESULTS OF SHEAR WALL STRUCTURE BASED ON MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE,MATERIAL CONSUMPTION,AND EMPIRICAL RULES

Efficient methods for incorporating engineering experience into the intelligent generation and optimization of shear wall structures are lacking,hindering intelligent design performance assessment and enhancement.This study introduces an assessment method used in the intelligent design and optimization of shear wall structures that effectively combines mechanical analysis and formulaic encoding of empirical rules.First,the critical information about the structure was extracted through data structuring.Second,an empirical rule assessment method was developed based on the engineer's experience and design standards to complete a preliminary assessment and screening of the structure.Subsequently,an assessment method based on mechanical performance and material consumption was used to compare different structural schemes comprehensively.Finally,the assessment effectiveness was demonstrated using a typical case.Compared to traditional assessment methods,the proposed method is more comprehensive and significantly more efficient,promoting the intelligent transformation of structural design.

The Design and Implementation of the Data Buffer Unit in an Artificial intelligence Computer ITM-1

This paper describes the function,structure and working status of the data buffer unitDBU,one of the most important functional units on ITM-1.It also discusses DBU’s supportto the multiprocessor system and Prolog language.

A Research Review on the Key Technologies of Intelligent Design for Customized Products

The development of technologies such as big data and cyber-physical systems （CPSs） has increased the demand for product design. Product digital design involves completing the product design process using advanced digital technologies such as geometry modeling, kinematic and dynamic simulation, multi- disciplinary coupling, virtual assembly, virtual reality （VR）, multi-objective optimization （MOO）, and human-computer interaction. The key technologies of intelligent design for customized products include： a description and analysis of customer requirements （CRs）, product family design （PFD） for the customer base, configuration and modular design for customized products, variant design for customized products, and a knowledge push for product intelligent design. The development trends in intelligent design for customized products include big-data-driven intelligent design technology for customized products and customized design tools and applications. The proposed method is verified by the design of precision computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools.

In-plane micro-sized energy storage devices:From device fabrication to integration and intelligent designs

The rapid development of micro-electronics raises the demand of their power sources to be simplified,miniaturized and highly integratable with other electronics on a chip.In-plane Micro-sized energy storage devices(MESDs),which are composed of interdigitated electrodes on a single chip,have aroused particular attentions since they could be easily integrated with other miniaturized electronics,reducing the complexity of overall chip design via removing complex interconnections with bulky power sources.This review highlights the achievements in the device fabrication of in-plane MESDs,as well as their integration and intelligent designs.We also discussed the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of in-plane MESDs.

Intelligent design of investment casting mold based on a hybrid reasoning method

A hybrid reasoning model was proposed in which CBR(case-based reasoning)was applied to the conceptual design and RBR(rule-based reasoning)was applied to the detailed design after research of the design process and domain knowledge of the aero-engine turbine blade investment casting mold design field.In the conceptual design stage,the representation and retrieval technologies were researched which improve the retrieval efficiency.Meanwhile,RBR was used to modify the retrieval result.The experimentation shows that the approach in this study can be used to obtain a more satisfactory design result.

MECHANICAL PRODUCT EXTENSIVE INTELLIGENT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Based on extenics, an extensive functional information model(function-behavioral action-structure-environmental constraint) of the mechanical productintelligent conceptual design is developed, and the mechanism of theoretic structure solutions isproduced, the mapping relations between function-behavior and behavior-structure are analyzed. Themodel is applied to the filling material system's conceptual design to verify validity.

PERFORMANCE-BASED INTELLIGENT RESOURCE DESCRIPTION MODEL FOR INTERNET-BASED PRODUCT DESIGN

Issues on intelligent resource description and multiple intelligent resources integration for lntemet based collaborative design are analyzed. A performance-based intelligent resource description model for lnternet-based product design is proposed, which can help to create, store, manipulate and exchange intelligent resource description information for applications, tools and systems in Interact-based product design. A method to integrate multiple intelligent resources to fulfill a complex product design and analysis via lntemet is also proposed. A real project for improving the bearing system design of a turbo-expander with many intelligent resources in prominent universities is presented as a case study.

Expert System for 3D Collar Intelligent Design

A method to set up 3D collar prototype is developed in this paper by using the technique of cubic spline and bicubic surface patch. Then the relationship between the parameters of 3D collar prototype and different collar styles are studied. Based on the relationship, we can develop some algorithms of transferring style requirements to the parameters value of the collar prototype, and obtain some generation rules for the design of 3D collar style. As such, the knowledge base can be constructed, and the intelligent design system of 3D collar style is built. Using the system, various 3D collar styles can be designed automatically to satisfy various style requirements.

An Intelligent Design of Electron Lens System

At present, the main work of electron optical system CAD is solving equations and calculating mumerical values. However, the design perhaps needs more inference and expertise than numerical calculations because the structure of electron lens system is complicated. In this paper, a primary expert system is applied to design the electron lens system intelligently. This expert system is combined with SEU-3D program which is used to simulate the electron optical system to optimize the electron lens systems. In spite of this, the expert system which is established in this paper can also be used to diagnose the electron lens system. Although the knowledge base is small and rules are not abundant, this paper has used this system to obtain some very useful results. The initial success with this system suggests that further work need to be done whether more rules and knowledge will be added to extend the ability of expert system.

Case-based intelligent computer aided design system of welding machinery

The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this paper. The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as well. A method of case-based intelligent CAD system for welding position-locating machine ( WMICAD) is put forward through wide research on design methodology. Object-oriented programming method is also applied to Ms system. The basic idea and realizing method are described.

Leather personalized study design in intelligent customization

The rich and colorful leather design brings a broad stage of fashion design in the past, China＇s leather （leather） clothing brand single, old style, color： black, blue, is brown. The economic and cultural development, leading the fashion changes, the concept is also constantly promote the development of a new direction, to the consumer, aesthetic with the change of consumption concept, the fur （leather） apparel consumption presents a civilian, personalized, ideal trend, leather （leather） clothing to reflects personal charm and style of the clothing style, design aesthetic appreciation, knowledge and other aspects of the new technology and new materials to absorb human body art is to stimulate leather （leather） the change of clothing. With the continuous development of science and technology, intelligent garment customization to the majority of consumers, the effect of intelligent custom fur （leather） three direction costumes （fabrics, colors, styles） for innovative research, get a Of leather （leather） costumes to break the current leather （leather） styles of dull shape, rich leather （leather） and other clothing charm, for the fur （leather） costumes to all ages personality need to provide ideas and new development space.

MODULE DEFINITION MODEL FOR MODULAR DESIGN AND MANUFACTU－RING OF HEAVY DUTY MACHINE TOOLS

The key techniques of modular design of heavy duty NC mathine tools are described. Amodule definition modelfor modular design and manufacturing of heavy duty NC machine tools isbulit and the essential composition of the module definition model (MDM) is discussed in detail. Itis composed of two models: the part definition model (PDM) and the module assembly model(MAM). The PDM and MAM are built and their structures are given. Using object-oriented know-ledge representation and based on these models, an intelligent support system of modular design forheavy duty NC machine tools is developed and implemented This system has been applied to thepractical use of Wuhan Heavy Duty Machine Tool Works

Improved Spectral Clustering Clothing Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm

In the process of clothing image researching,how to segment the clothing quickly and accurately and retain the clothing style details as much as possible is the basis of subsequent image analysis.Spectral clustering clothing image segmentation algorithm is a common method in the process of clothing image extraction.However,the traditional model requires high computing power and is easily affected by the initial center of clustering.It often falls into local optimization.Aiming at the above two points,an improved spectral clustering clothing image segmentation algorithm is proposed in this paper.The Nystrom approximation strategy is introduced into the spectral mapping process to reduce the computational complexity.In the clustering stage,this algorithm uses the global optimization advantage of the particle swarm optimization algorithm and selects the sparrow search algorithm to search the optimal initial clustering point,to effectively avoid the occurrence of local optimization.In the end,the effectiveness of this algorithm is verified on clothing images in each environment.

Networking Intelligent Pressure Sensor Using Digital Lock-in Amplification Technology

Introducing a System-on-Chip （SoC） microcontroller （C8051F350） into a ceramic pressure sensor has resulted in the design of a intelligent sensor. An improved algorithm for digital phassensitive detection is used to perform lock-in amplification of the sensor signal. The compensation for the sensor error is realized by the detection of the sensor＇s supply voltage and working temperature. The system also has the function of short/open circuit fault detection and can ommamicate with other digital equipment through an RS-485 communication interface. In the design, full utilization of the SoC microcontroller＇ s internal resource results in the simple hardware structure. Experimental results show that the error of the sensor is less than 0.5% at range ratio 1 ： 10. Employing the microcontroller and using lock-in amplification algorithm are an effective method for achieving an intelligent sensor of slowly-varying physical quantities, thereby improving the measuring accuracy and performance.

Mitigating adjacent channel interference in vehicular communication systems

In the last few decades, dedicated wireless channels were specifically allocated to enable the development and implementation of vehicular communication systems. The two main protocol stacks, the WAVE stan- dards proposed by the IEEE in the United States and the ETSI ITS-G5 in Europe, reserved 10 MHz wide channels in the 5.9 GHz spectrum band. Despite the exclusive use of these frequencies for vehicular com- munication purposes, there are still cross channel interference problems that have been widely reported in the literature. In order to mitigate these issues, this paper presents the design of a two-stage FIR low-pass filter, targeting the integration with a digital baseband receiver chain of a custom vehicular communications platform. The filter was tested, evaluated and optimized, with the simulation results proving the effectiveness of the proposed method and the low delay introduced in the overall operation of the receiver chain. 2016 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

The Analysis of Frequency Reuse Irregular Patterns in Mobile Telephone Network

Some frequency reuse irregular patterns in radionetwork design are proposed,the characteristic and applica-tion measures of these patterns are analyzed.Then this paperaccounts that frequency reuse irregular patterns is a usefulway to impove spectrum efficiency and it is significative forartificial intelligence to be applied in this field.

THE OBJECT-ORIENTED INTELLIGENT PROGRAMMING IN CAD/CAM

Design and manufacture organizations currently suffer from a number of problems that aignificantly affect their productivity.Despite their fragmented efforts to automate portioas of operations,they still suffer from 'islands' of designing and manufacturing automation,long lead time for semi-custom proposals and engineering work, lengthy cycles of product development and introduction into the market,and low morale due to boring,repetitive engineering and industrial design activities.Thereby,the integration of design and manufacturing poses to the CAD/CAM researchere a series of challenges.The paper introduces a methodology that allows for the integration of product design with manufacturing process planning and the application of a new software technology known as 'Object-Oriented Intelligent Programming' .The task is achieved through an object-oriented intelligent CAD/CAM environment where a design model from the CAD system can be analysed, and manufacturing process plans with specifications of machining can be automatically determined.The manufacturing information of a part is extracted from the 3D geometric model and the 2D engineering drawing,thus,both geometric and non-geometric attributes of a part can be obtained.

Object-oriented CAD for Hydraulic Circuits of Pressing Machines

This paper describes the design and implementation of an intelligent computer-aided design (ICAD) system for hydraulic circuits of pressing machines. The CAD system is developed based on the object-oriented approach. The application domain of hydraulic presses has been studied thoroughly. The engineering data and the design knowledge are organized in an object-oriented database. A case study has been selected to illustrate the usefulness of the object-oriented CAD system in real applications.

Crowdsourcing intelligent design

Design intelligence,namely,artificial intelligence to solve creative problems and produce creative ideas,has improved rapidly with the new generation artificial intelligence.However,existing methods are more skillful in learning from data and have limitations in creating original ideas different from the training data.Crowdsourcing offers a promising method to produce creative designs by combining human inspiration and machines' computational ability.We propose a crowdsourcing intelligent design method called ‘flexible crowdsourcing design'.Design ideas produced through crowdsourcing design can be unreliable and inconsistent because they rely solely on selection among participants' submissions of ideas.In contrast,the flexible crowdsourcing design method employs a cultivation procedure that integrates the ideas from crowd participants and cultivates these ideas to improve design quality at the same time.We introduce a series of studies to show how flexible crowdsourcing design can produce original design ideas consistently.Specifically,we will describe the typical procedure of flexible crowdsourcing design,the refined crowdsourcing tasks,the factors that affect the idea development process,the method for calculating idea development potential,and two applications of the flexible crowdsourcing design method.Finally,it summarizes the design capabilities enabled by crowdsourcing intelligent design.This method enhances the performance of crowdsourcing design and supports the development of design intelligence.