Degradation rate of feed proteins in rumen is a basic indicator of new intestinal protein system of ruminants. In this paper, determination methods of degradation rate in tureen including in-vivo method, nylon bag met...Degradation rate of feed proteins in rumen is a basic indicator of new intestinal protein system of ruminants. In this paper, determination methods of degradation rate in tureen including in-vivo method, nylon bag method and artificial rumen method are compared in order to provide a reference for animal nutrition.展开更多
The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydrox...The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very difficult.In the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere.But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques.So far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.In this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals.The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.展开更多
The quantification of transparent exopolymer particles(TEP) by colorimetric method is of large error and low repeatability,one major reason of which is related to the absence of clear definition and evaluation for par...The quantification of transparent exopolymer particles(TEP) by colorimetric method is of large error and low repeatability,one major reason of which is related to the absence of clear definition and evaluation for part steps of the original method.It is obscure that the 80% sulfuric acid solution,acted as the extraction solution in the determination of TEP,is prepared based on a volume ratio or mass ratio.Furthermore,the change of solubility of recently available Gum Xanthan(GX) from the market means that the original protocol is no longer applicable,and the grinding of GX stock solution with a tissue grinder is replaced by shaking with a rotating shaker in the study to prevent the excessive dissolution of GX.We found that different preparation techniques could result in the varied concentrations of 80% H_(2)SO_(4).The duration of shaking during the preparation of standard solution significantly affected the slope of the calibration curve,which caused different correction results of TEP.The impacts of different extraction solution concentrations and shaking time of GX solution on the quantification of TEP were investigated based on the field sampling and laboratory analysis.The extraction capacities of H_(2)SO_(4) with different concentrations for Alcian Blue were distinct,but had limited effect on the final measuring result of TEP.The change of the standard curve slope came along with the variation of shaking time,which markedly altered the detection limit and calibration result,and the extended shaking time was in favor of the determination of low-concentration TEP.It was suggested that the extraction solution concentration,shaking time and filtration volume of standard solution are required to be well controlled and selected to obtain more accurate results for TEP with different concentrations.展开更多
The harm of the phenolic compounds to environment was discussed in this paper. The progress of international methods for phenolic compounds was reviewed from 1938 to the end of 1995. The references dealt mainly with t...The harm of the phenolic compounds to environment was discussed in this paper. The progress of international methods for phenolic compounds was reviewed from 1938 to the end of 1995. The references dealt mainly with the progress of study on optical determining methods, e.g. visible , UV , derivative , fluorescent , infrared absorptive , atomic absorptive photometries for phenolic compounds in waste water, and application of the above mentioned methods in environmental monitoring.展开更多
A method for rapid determination of silicon content in rice was introduced. The reliability of this method was verified by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of rice cross Zhenshan 97B / Milyang 46. Tw...A method for rapid determination of silicon content in rice was introduced. The reliability of this method was verified by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of rice cross Zhenshan 97B / Milyang 46. Two hundred and forty-nine RILs were transplanted in two replications. Simple correlation coefficients on the silicon content in the hull, flag leaf and stern in rice between duplicate samples of 498 rice materials were 0.97954, 0.97026 and 0.98848, respectively. Ten representative samples were selected for measurement using the high-temperature alkaline fusion method. Simple correlation coefficient between the silicon contents determined by the high-temperature alkaline fusion method and by the present method is 0.9993.展开更多
Satellite-to-Satellite tricking (SST) data can be used to determine the orbits of spacecraft in two ways. One is combined orbit determination, which combines SST data with ground-based tracking data and exploits the ...Satellite-to-Satellite tricking (SST) data can be used to determine the orbits of spacecraft in two ways. One is combined orbit determination, which combines SST data with ground-based tracking data and exploits the enhanced tracking geometry. The other is the autonomous orbit determination, which uses only SST. The latter only fits some particular circumstances since it suffers the rank defect problem in other circumstances. The proof of this statement is presented. The nature of the problem is also investigated in order to find an effective solution. Several. methods of solution are discussed. The feasibility of the methods is demonstrated by their application to a simulation.展开更多
GB/T 13245-91 1 Theme and Scope This standard specifies the method abstract, reagents, apparatus, specimen, analyzing procedure, result calculation and permissible tolerance used for determination of the total carbon ...GB/T 13245-91 1 Theme and Scope This standard specifies the method abstract, reagents, apparatus, specimen, analyzing procedure, result calculation and permissible tolerance used for determination of the total carbon with combustion gravimetric method.展开更多
The ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer method was adopted to determine thioglucoside in cabbage with the seeds.Individual plant of cabbage was used as test materials,palladium chloride as complexing agent and...The ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer method was adopted to determine thioglucoside in cabbage with the seeds.Individual plant of cabbage was used as test materials,palladium chloride as complexing agent and sodium cellulose glycolate as dispersing agent.The results showed that palladiumd thioglucoside method could be taken as a quick,easy and precise quantitative analysis method to determine thioglucoside in cabbage.展开更多
Sudan Red are the chemosynthesis dyes of series of azo, which are mainly used as coloring additives in ma- nufacturing of some products, such as the wax, the oil-dyes, the petrol, and etc. In the process of food produ...Sudan Red are the chemosynthesis dyes of series of azo, which are mainly used as coloring additives in ma- nufacturing of some products, such as the wax, the oil-dyes, the petrol, and etc. In the process of food production, Sudan Dyes are banned to be used as food dyes in our country.展开更多
A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process...A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.展开更多
The acute toxic effects of ammonium sulphate to fresh-water catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (H.fossilis) have been studied by determining LC50 values with 95% confidence limits, by the graphic method, the logistic me...The acute toxic effects of ammonium sulphate to fresh-water catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (H.fossilis) have been studied by determining LC50 values with 95% confidence limits, by the graphic method, the logistic method, the Spearman and Karber method and the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The trimmed Spearman-Karber method was found the most ideal for ammonium salt toxicity test. The flaws in the trimmed Spearman-Karber method are also discussed.展开更多
Background: Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of starch i...Background: Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods: Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans(Vicia faba L.) and peas(Pisum sativum L.), five different cultivars of lupins(Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.), and one diet with a soybean meal(SBM) were fed.Results: The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater(P < 0.05) when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically(438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter(DM) in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively).Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM(analyzed polarimetrically) and <1.1 and 3 g/kg DM(analyzed enzymatically), respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater(P < 0.05) in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater(P < 0.05) digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis(84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas). Moreover, AID of starch differed(P < 0.05)within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly(P < 0.05) as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion: Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.展开更多
A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process ...A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.展开更多
A new method for the determination of components in mixed acids has been developed.The mathematical model is obtained from samples of known composition and is then used to predict the concentrations of components in u...A new method for the determination of components in mixed acids has been developed.The mathematical model is obtained from samples of known composition and is then used to predict the concentrations of components in unknown sample.The practical utility of this method is demonstrated for simultaneous determination of two systems of ternary mixed acids and the results are satisfactory.展开更多
This standard specifies the method summary, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, test results calculation and permissible tolerance of the determination of magnesium oxide by CyDTA volumetric method.
文摘Degradation rate of feed proteins in rumen is a basic indicator of new intestinal protein system of ruminants. In this paper, determination methods of degradation rate in tureen including in-vivo method, nylon bag method and artificial rumen method are compared in order to provide a reference for animal nutrition.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21567015 and 21407072)+5 种基金the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019)special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.20K03ESPCP)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.18JR3RA079 and 17JR5RA109)the Project of Food and Drug Administration of Gansu Province(No.2018GSFDA014)the Gansu Provincial Party Committee Young Creative Talents(No.Ganzutongzi[2017]121)the Hongliu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2018)。
文摘The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very difficult.In the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere.But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques.So far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.In this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals.The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.
基金The National Key Research and Development Project of China under contract No.2019YFC1407805the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41876134, 41676112 and 41276124+1 种基金the Tianjin 131 Innovation Team Program under contract No.20180314the Changjiang Scholar Program of Chinese Ministry of Education under contract No.T2014253。
文摘The quantification of transparent exopolymer particles(TEP) by colorimetric method is of large error and low repeatability,one major reason of which is related to the absence of clear definition and evaluation for part steps of the original method.It is obscure that the 80% sulfuric acid solution,acted as the extraction solution in the determination of TEP,is prepared based on a volume ratio or mass ratio.Furthermore,the change of solubility of recently available Gum Xanthan(GX) from the market means that the original protocol is no longer applicable,and the grinding of GX stock solution with a tissue grinder is replaced by shaking with a rotating shaker in the study to prevent the excessive dissolution of GX.We found that different preparation techniques could result in the varied concentrations of 80% H_(2)SO_(4).The duration of shaking during the preparation of standard solution significantly affected the slope of the calibration curve,which caused different correction results of TEP.The impacts of different extraction solution concentrations and shaking time of GX solution on the quantification of TEP were investigated based on the field sampling and laboratory analysis.The extraction capacities of H_(2)SO_(4) with different concentrations for Alcian Blue were distinct,but had limited effect on the final measuring result of TEP.The change of the standard curve slope came along with the variation of shaking time,which markedly altered the detection limit and calibration result,and the extended shaking time was in favor of the determination of low-concentration TEP.It was suggested that the extraction solution concentration,shaking time and filtration volume of standard solution are required to be well controlled and selected to obtain more accurate results for TEP with different concentrations.
文摘The harm of the phenolic compounds to environment was discussed in this paper. The progress of international methods for phenolic compounds was reviewed from 1938 to the end of 1995. The references dealt mainly with the progress of study on optical determining methods, e.g. visible , UV , derivative , fluorescent , infrared absorptive , atomic absorptive photometries for phenolic compounds in waste water, and application of the above mentioned methods in environmental monitoring.
文摘A method for rapid determination of silicon content in rice was introduced. The reliability of this method was verified by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of rice cross Zhenshan 97B / Milyang 46. Two hundred and forty-nine RILs were transplanted in two replications. Simple correlation coefficients on the silicon content in the hull, flag leaf and stern in rice between duplicate samples of 498 rice materials were 0.97954, 0.97026 and 0.98848, respectively. Ten representative samples were selected for measurement using the high-temperature alkaline fusion method. Simple correlation coefficient between the silicon contents determined by the high-temperature alkaline fusion method and by the present method is 0.9993.
文摘Satellite-to-Satellite tricking (SST) data can be used to determine the orbits of spacecraft in two ways. One is combined orbit determination, which combines SST data with ground-based tracking data and exploits the enhanced tracking geometry. The other is the autonomous orbit determination, which uses only SST. The latter only fits some particular circumstances since it suffers the rank defect problem in other circumstances. The proof of this statement is presented. The nature of the problem is also investigated in order to find an effective solution. Several. methods of solution are discussed. The feasibility of the methods is demonstrated by their application to a simulation.
文摘GB/T 13245-91 1 Theme and Scope This standard specifies the method abstract, reagents, apparatus, specimen, analyzing procedure, result calculation and permissible tolerance used for determination of the total carbon with combustion gravimetric method.
文摘The ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer method was adopted to determine thioglucoside in cabbage with the seeds.Individual plant of cabbage was used as test materials,palladium chloride as complexing agent and sodium cellulose glycolate as dispersing agent.The results showed that palladiumd thioglucoside method could be taken as a quick,easy and precise quantitative analysis method to determine thioglucoside in cabbage.
文摘Sudan Red are the chemosynthesis dyes of series of azo, which are mainly used as coloring additives in ma- nufacturing of some products, such as the wax, the oil-dyes, the petrol, and etc. In the process of food production, Sudan Dyes are banned to be used as food dyes in our country.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.
文摘The acute toxic effects of ammonium sulphate to fresh-water catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (H.fossilis) have been studied by determining LC50 values with 95% confidence limits, by the graphic method, the logistic method, the Spearman and Karber method and the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The trimmed Spearman-Karber method was found the most ideal for ammonium salt toxicity test. The flaws in the trimmed Spearman-Karber method are also discussed.
基金supported by the H.W.Schaumann Stiftung(Hamburg,Germany)
文摘Background: Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods: Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans(Vicia faba L.) and peas(Pisum sativum L.), five different cultivars of lupins(Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.), and one diet with a soybean meal(SBM) were fed.Results: The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater(P < 0.05) when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically(438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter(DM) in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively).Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM(analyzed polarimetrically) and <1.1 and 3 g/kg DM(analyzed enzymatically), respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater(P < 0.05) in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater(P < 0.05) digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis(84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas). Moreover, AID of starch differed(P < 0.05)within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly(P < 0.05) as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion: Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.
基金supported by National Commission of Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new method for the determination of components in mixed acids has been developed.The mathematical model is obtained from samples of known composition and is then used to predict the concentrations of components in unknown sample.The practical utility of this method is demonstrated for simultaneous determination of two systems of ternary mixed acids and the results are satisfactory.
文摘This standard specifies the method summary, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, test results calculation and permissible tolerance of the determination of magnesium oxide by CyDTA volumetric method.