Determination of gross α and β activities in Zouma River based on online HPGe gamma measurement system

This paper describes a low-cost and fast method to evaluate gross α and β^(-) radioactivities in natural water based on an online high-purity germanium detector gamma measurement system.The major gamma activities in natural water are provided by natural and artificial radionuclides such as ^(40) K,^(137)Cs,and radionuclides belonging to ^(238)U and ^(232)Th series.The main a emitters related to gamma emissions in natural water are ^(224)Ra(240.98 keV)and ^(226)Ra(186.21 keV),and the β^(-) emitters are ^(40) K(1460.85 keV),^(214)Bi(609.31 keV),^(208)Tl(583.19 keV),and ^(214)Pb(351.93 keV).The formula for gross α and β^(-) activity concentration is based on these radionuclides,and the short half-life decay products are considered in the calculation.The detection efficiency of the device across energy region(0–3 MeV)is obtained through Monte Carlo simulation,and a calibration experiment is conducted to verify the simulation results.Gamma radioactivity is measured continuously for 114 d in Pixian County and Dongfeng Canal located in the Zouma River,Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China.A comparison of the calculation results and monitoring data from the Sichuan Management and Monitoring Center Station of Radioactive Environment indicates that the percentage and absolute error of a activity concentration is lower than 53%and 0.02 Bq/L,respectively,and that of β-activity concentration is lower than 33.2%and 0.016 Bq/L,respectively.The method can rapidly determine gross α and β^(-) activity concentrations in natural water online.

Gross Alpha and Beta Activities and Related Lifetime Risks Assessment Due to Ingestion of Drinking Water from Different Sources in the District of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Drinking good quality water is essential for better health. It is therefore essential to assess the radiological quality of all water consumed in the District of Abidjan in order to prevent related hazards. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the risk of cancer due to the ingestion of alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in the different types of water consumed in the region. A total of 63 water samples with 43 tap water samples, 5 bottled mineral water and 15 sachet water samples was collected and taken to GAEC laboratory for analysis. The low background Gas-less Automatic Alpha/Beta counting system (Canberra iMaticTM) was used to determine alpha and beta activity concentrations. Activity concentrations of both gross alpha and gross beta obtained in water sample were respectively lower than the WHO recommended limits of 0.1 Bq/l and 1 Bq/l. Also, the annual effective dose and total equivalent effective dose found in mineral bottled water samples were higher than in other types of water. The assessment of radiological lifetime risk has shown values of cancer risk due to ingestion alpha and beta emitters lower than recommended limit. These results indicate that there is no health hazard associated to consumption of water in the District of Abidjan.

Gross alpha and beta activities and trace heavy elemental concentration levels in chemical fertilizers and agricultural farm soils in Nigeria

The gross alpha (α) and beta (β) activities and trace heavy elemental concentrations have been determined in Single Super Phosphate (SSP) and Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium (NPK) fertilizers samples used for agricultural purposes in Nigeria. Cultivated farm soil samples from two regions (north and south) in the country and samples of phosphate rocks were also analyzed for gross α and β radioactivity and elemental concentrations. The beta activity concentration in the NPK (15-15-15) fertilizers was found to vary from 2410.0 ± 80.0 Bq·kg–1 to 4560 ± 140.0 Bq·kg–1, between 1340.0 ± 70.0 Bq·kg–1 and 1440.0 ± 70.0 Bq·kg–1 in the Single Super phosphate fertilizers while in the farm soil it ranged between 360.0 ± 40.0 Bq·kg–1 to 570.0 ± 50.0 for the north samples and 200.0 ± 50.0 to 230.0 ± 20 Bq·kg–1 for the south samples. The alpha activities in the NPK fertilizers was found to vary from 20.0 ± 10.0 to 90.0 ± 20.0 Bq·kg–1, in the SSP it varied from 60.0 ± 20.0 to 100.0 ± 20.0 Bq·kg–1 while in the soil samples it varied from 8.0 ± 6.0 to 40.0 ± 10.0

Gross β activity level of fallout in the environment around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

This paper presents the measurement results of gross β activities in fallout samples collected from the en- vironment around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) during 1993-2002. The gross β activity of 191 samples col- lected at five monitoring spots were (0.11～3.64) Bq·m-2·d-1, with an average of (0.91±0.49) Bq·m-2·d-1. This value was lower than (1.02±0.35) Bq?m-2?d-1 , the average of the samples collected at the reference spot in Hangzhou. It indicated that no obvious rise in the gross β activity level of fallout was observed in ambience of Qinshan NPP.

The effect of the CHAMP intervention on fundamental motor skills and outdoor physical activity in preschoolers

Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention on preschoolers' motor skill competence and their PA behaviors while participating in the motor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).Methods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a motor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition. PA during the motor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerometers both immediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the intervention.Results: All children significantly improved their motor skills from baseline to late assessment(p < 0.05). Children in the motor skill intervention demonstrated greater rates of change(p < 0.001) and scored higher on all motor skills at the late assessment compared with the control group(p < 0.001). There was no effect of group(control vs. intervention), but there was a significant effect of sex on children's PA during outdoor free play at baseline(p < 0.05). Similarly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the movement program(intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either time point, but boys were more active than girls at the late assessment(p < 0.05). Last, children in the intervention engaged in more PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the beginning.Conclusion: The 5-week motor skill intervention was effective at improving preschoolers' motor skills and rates of change in motor skills were higher for children who completed the intervention compared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did demonstrate PA changes while participating in the intervention, but these changes did not translate outside of the intervention setting.

核心稳定性训练联合家庭康复训练对脑瘫患儿日常生活能力及粗大运动功能的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练联合家庭康复训练对脑瘫患儿日常生活能力及粗大运动功能的影响。方法选取中山市博爱医院2023年1月至2024年2月收治的60例脑瘫患儿,按照随机数字表法分为观察组以及对照组,每组30例。对照组采取常规康复训练,观察组采取核心稳定性训练联合家庭康复训练,比较两组干预效果、日常生活活动能力评估量表(ADL)评分、粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)评分。结果观察组干预总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);干预1个月后,两组ADL、GMFM评分均较干预前升高,且观察组评分较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对脑瘫患儿实施核心稳定性训练联合家庭康复训练的效果较好,可提高患儿的日常生活能力与粗大运动功能,值得推广。

康复机器人辅助治疗对脑性瘫痪运动功能影响的系统评价及Meta分析

目的:系统评价康复机器人辅助治疗对脑性瘫痪患者运动功能和平衡功能以及基本日常生活能力的影响。方法:使用计算机全面检索各大中外文数据库,纳入康复机器人辅助治疗脑性瘫痪的随机对照试验,对符合纳入标准的文献进行数据提取,采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0版进行质量评价,采用Revman 5.4统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入12项随机对照试验,合计797例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与传统康复治疗方法相比,康复机器人辅助治疗能显著提高脑性瘫痪的平衡功能(SMD=0.67,95%CI0.16~1.18,P=0.010),并能显著提高脑瘫患者粗大运动功能测试量表-D区评分(SMD=0.70,95%CI 0.28~1.12,P=0.001)和E区评分(SMD=0.50,95%CI 0.26~0.75,P<0.0001),以及基本日常生活能力(MD=8.77,95%CI 2.64~14.89,P=0.005)。结论:康复机器人辅助治疗同传统的康复治疗方法相比,能显著提高脑性瘫痪患者的平衡性评分、运动功能评分及基本日常生活能力。

水质总α、总β放射性的测定厚源法串道比公式探究

在《水质总α放射性的测定厚源法》(HJ898—2017)、《水质总β放射性的测定厚源法》(HJ899—2017)中,串道比计算公式有多余项。本文通过理论推导和实验方法进行了验证。结果表明,根据该串道比计算公式给出的结果有更大的偏差估计。

多通道功能性电刺激循环踏车治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿的效果观察

目的探讨多通道功能性电刺激循环踏车对痉挛型脑瘫患儿的临床疗效。方法选取接受门诊康复治疗的痉挛型脑瘫患儿60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患儿接受运动治疗、作业治疗及中医推拿等常规康复治疗,观察组患儿在接受常规康复治疗的基础上,增加多通道功能性电刺激循环踏车训练。治疗前及治疗12周后,采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)、Peabody粗大运动发育量表(PDMS-GM)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)及日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)分别评定2组患儿的粗大运动功能、平衡功能及日常生活动能力。结果2组患儿治疗前组间GMFM-88(D区、E区评分及总分)、PDMS-GM(姿势评分、移动能力评分、实物操作评分)、BBS及ADL评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后2组患儿GMFM-88(D区、E区评分及总分)、PDMS-GM(姿势评分、移动能力评分、实物操作评分)、BBS及ADL评分较治疗前均有改善,且观察组各项评分均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多通道功能性电刺激循环踏车可有效提升痉挛型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能、平衡功能及日常生活活动能力。

Associations of strength indices and cycling economy in young adults

Objectives:Cycling economy is associated with muscle strength in athletes.However,the relationship between strength capacity(i.e.maximal and explosive strength)and cycling economy in previously untrained but healthy individuals remains unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations between cycling economy and strength performance in a population of recreationally active but untrained healthy individuals.Methods:A total of 155 recreationally active individuals(95 males and 60 females)were included.Strength capacity was assessed through an incremental one-repetition maximum test,from which the one-repetition maximum,mean propulsive velocity,and mean propulsive power were derived as strength indices.Cycling economy was assessed using a step protocol on a cycle ergometer and gross oxygen cost and caloric unit cost were determined at submaximal intensities.Results:Marginal R^(2) ranged between 0.013 and 0.062 for the gross oxygen cost and between 0.022 and 0.103 for the gross caloric unit cost,respectively.Greater cycling economy is related to higher strength levels.However,the relationship is relatively weak,explaining only 1.3–6.2%of the variance in gross oxygen cost and 2.2–10.3%of the variance in gross caloric unit cost.Conclusions:Greater cycling economy in recreationally active males and females is related to higher strength levels(i.e.one-repetition maximum,mean propulsive velocity,mean propulsive power).

The Stretched Field Method for Approximating Gross Determiners Ⅱ

The paper is the continuation of the previous article in which the stretched field method on is developed to solve the equations for grossly determiners. The first degree result is the same as the Lundgren’s small parameter expansion

气候变化和人类活动对中国陆地生态系统总初级生产力的影响厘定研究

总初级生产力(GPP)是生态系统植被光合作用生成有机物的能力表征,是生态系统服务功能的基础,关系到区域社会经济可持续发展及区域生态安全。基于生态系统过程模型CEVSA2,应用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)卫星遥感的叶面积指数数据产品(MCD15A2H),以强迫法构建了遥感数据驱动的模型新版本——CEVSA-RS;基于CEVSA-RS模拟分析了气候变化和人类活动对中国陆地生态系统GPP时空变化的相对影响,从气候潜在总初级生产力(GPPCL)和现实总初级生产力(GPPRS)的大小和趋势两方面厘定了人类活动影响。2000至2017年全国平均潜在GPP(1016.36 gC m^(-2)a^(-1))略高于对应现实GPP(962.85 gC m^(-2)a^(-1)),但存在明显的空间分异:长江以南大部、秦岭、太行山脉以东以及大兴安岭以东和长白山地区等森林植被覆盖区,现实GPP高于潜在GPP;而西部草地及灌丛等地区现实GPP低于潜在GPP。全国GPP呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),其中现实GPP的增速(46.04 gC m^(-2)10a^(-1))高于潜在GPP的增速(41.46 gC m^(-2)10a^(-1)),人类活动影响促进GPP增长,主要体现在华南地区和华北平原等地;内蒙古东部、东北平原北部、青藏高原西部等地人类活动呈负面影响。人类活动影响大于气候影响的区域可达全国陆地面积的53%,其中西部生态相对脆弱的草地区人类活动仍为负面影响,这些地区以草定畜,发展草牧业和保护生态,仍然任重道远。

神经肌肉激活技术对偏瘫型脑性瘫痪患儿平衡及步行能力的效果

目的观察神经肌肉激活技术对偏瘫型脑瘫患儿平衡及步行能力的影响。方法 2015年3~10月,30例偏瘫型脑瘫患儿分为观察组和对照组,每组15例;两组均接受常规康复训练,观察组增加神经肌肉激活技术30 min,每周5次,共3个月。治疗前后采用粗大运动功能测量（GMFM-88）的D区、E区,Fugl-Meyer评定中的平衡功能部分,以及足印分析法进行评定。结果两组治疗后GMFM-88 D区、E区评分,Fugl-Meyer平衡功能评分,步长、步宽、步速均显著优于治疗前（t〉7.31,P〈0.001）,观察组优于对照组（t〉2.08,P〈0.05）。结论神经肌肉激活技术能进一步改善偏瘫型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能、平衡及步行能力。

韵律性身体活动促进3～6岁感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作发展水平的实证研究

目的：以我国幼儿园普遍开展的韵律性身体活动为干预内容,尝试将幼儿阶段应掌握的基本动作技能融入到活动中,研究韵律性身体活动对感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作能力的影响,为促进病患幼儿的粗大动作发展进行实证探索。方法：将101名受试对象以班级为单位,随机分为试验组（46人）与对照组（55人）,分别包含在4个小班、4个中班和2个大班中。试验组幼儿每天练习新的韵律性身体活动,累计活动时间为20-30 min/天,对照组则练习一般性韵律性身体活动。试验组与对照组的活动频率、每次活动持续时间和运动强度都相同,运动干预周期为1年。结果：（1）试验组与对照组幼儿粗大动作发展水平在运动干预前无显著差异,运动干预后,试验组幼儿粗大动作发展得分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,说明以基本动作技能为主要内容的新韵律性身体活动,在促进感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作发展方面优于一般性的韵律性身体活动。（2）反复练习,以及练习过程中的变化性,对感觉统合失调幼儿的粗大动作发展非常重要,加强了幼儿感觉统合能力的训练。建议在韵律性身体活动中注重基本动作技能的学习,采用重复、变异等练习方式,促使病患幼儿掌握这些基本动作模式,提高粗大动作发展水平。

草鱼和鲢鱼肌球蛋白Ca^(2+)-ATPase热力学活化参数的季节变化

肌球蛋白构成了鱼肌肉肌原纤维蛋白的50%以上,它的性质主要决定了肌原纤维蛋白的性质,进而影响了鱼肌肉蛋白质的加工适性。本文对来自春季(4月份)、夏季(8月份)、秋季(11月份)和冬季(1月份)的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus Valenciennes)和鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes)骨骼肌肌球蛋白进行提取和纯化,通过测定不同季节的两种淡水鱼肌球蛋白Ca2+-ATPase的热力学活化参数,从化学反应的热力学理论上证明了淡水鱼肌球蛋白的热稳定性与季节温度变化之间的关系。研究结果表明,草鱼和鲢鱼肌球蛋白Ca2+-ATPase的热力学活化参数活化能Ea、活化焓ΔH和活化熵ΔS伴随栖息环境温度的上升而增大,而活化自由能ΔG的变化幅度很小,证明了肌球蛋白的热稳定性夏季鱼明显优于冬季鱼,而春季鱼和秋季鱼分别与夏季鱼和冬季鱼的相似。另一方面,ΔH与ΔS之间显示了良好的线性相关,证明了淡水鱼能够通过其肌肉蛋白质反应的活化焓与活化熵之间的互补效应,以应对自然界季节环境温度的变化。

液体闪烁法测定水中总α、总β活度的影响因素研究

研究了淬灭、溶解性固体总量(TDS)对液体闪烁法测量总α、总β活度的影响。实验表明,硝酸浓度在0.2 mol·L^(-1)以下对测量的影响可以忽略,水样与闪烁液体积配比为5:15可满足溶解性固体总量为0~2 400 mg·L^(-1)的水样的α、β测量。实验所得的α计数效率为99.1%,检测限为0.022 Bq·L^(-1);β计数效率为94.4%,检测限为0.121 Bq·L^(-1)。与蒸发浓缩-正比流气式计数法相比,液体闪烁法简便、快速,其结果相对偏差在10%以内。

三个麦芽品质性状的配合力分析

本文就7个大麦品种的三个麦芽品质性状——α-淀粉酶活力、色度和粘度,以7×7双列杂交设计进行了配合力分析。结果表明基因型间差异均极显著;一般配合力(GCA)方差大于特殊配合力(SCA)方差。因而认为基因的加性效应较为重要。早熟3号、元麦114、义乌二棱三个品种分别是α-淀粉酶活力、麦芽汁色度和麦芽汁粘度较好的配合者。杂交组合“早熟3号×元麦114”、“嵊县无芒六棱×义乌二棱”、小将×义乌二棱”对α-淀粉酶活力有较高的正向SCA效应;而“鹿岛×嵊县无芒六棱”、“元麦114×小将”、“元麦114×义乌二棱”对麦芽汁色度、“鹿岛×木石港3号”、“鹿岛×义乌二棱”、“小将×木石港3号”对麦芽汁粘度分别有较大的负向SCA效应。最后根据分析结果,对麦芽品质育种的亲本选配作了初步讨论。

硫化钴共沉淀法分析核电厂周边海水中去钾总β活度

为简单、快速、高效评估核电厂运行对周边海洋环境的影响,本文建立了硫化钴共沉淀法快速分析海水中去钾总β活度。通过研究恒温温度、溶液初始pH值和恒温时间对Ag、Fe、Co和Sb富集率的影响,确定了冷却后上清液pH值是影响核素富集率的关键因素。通过研究正比计数器对^(60)Co和^(137)Cs的探测效率,确定采用^(60)Co作为去钾总β方法的效率刻度校准源。采用本文所建立方法分析3.0 L海水样品,结果显示,方法的探测限为0.0057 Bq/L。实际海水中去钾总β活度浓度的分析结果显示,其范围为0.083~0.113 Bq/L。加标验证实验结果表明,测量值与加标值的最大相对偏差为-8.33%,证实了本方法的准确性。

情景式训练在脑性瘫痪中的应用研究

目的探讨情景式训练在脑瘫患儿康复治疗中的作用。方法将46例脑瘫患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各23例。对照组进行常规康复治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上接受情景式训练。在治疗开始时和1个疗程(3个月为1个疗程)结束时,分别对两组患儿行粗大运动功能88项量表(GMFM-88量表)评分、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL量表)评分,比较治疗前后的变化情况。结果治疗1个疗程后,两组患儿的GMFM-88评分及ADL评分均较治疗前提高(观察组t值分别为-12.13、-6.70,对照组t值分别为-8.84、-6.96,均P<0.05),但观察组GMFM-88评分及ADL评分改变均明显优于对照组(t值分别为-2.30、-2.31,均P<0.05)。结论情景式训练结合常规康复疗法可明显提高脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能及日常生活能力。

高放废液处理过程中总β放射性活度的分析

研究了高放废液处理过程中总β放射性活度的分析方法。用液体闪烁计数法甄别α和γ射线的干扰，测量水相和有机相总β放射性的计数率。把β放射性核素分成４组，用液闪仪和Ｇｅ（Ｌｉ）γ谱仪分析各组样品和各种淬灭条件下的等效效率和权重因子，通过效率等效法计算得到样品的总β放射性活度。分析了ＴＲＰＯ处理生产堆高放废液流程中各液流的总β放射性活度。总β测量的不确定度小于５％。