Estimation of Probability of Swarming Pedestrians' Violation at Signalized Intersections in Developing Cities

We made an on-site investigation about pedestrian violation of traffic signals at a signalized intersection in Xi＇an, Shaanxi province, China. Based on it, we studied the impact of pedestrian＇s waiting time on violation decision and the impact of the number of pedestrians in colony on the probability of swarming pedestrians＇ violation. The result revealed that the probability of pedestrian violation rose with the waiting time for the pedestrians＇ green signal. Then we developed a Monte Carlo model for simulating mixed vehicles and pedestrians and used the on-site investigation data to validate the model. When traffic volume is fight, the error between the simulated values and the measured ones is 2.67%. When traffic volume is heavy, the error is 3.38%.

Nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors regarding antineoplastic drugs:the mediating role of protective knowledge

Objective:To explore the relationships between Chinese nurses’knowledge,perceptions,and attitudes and their behavior and actual implementation of safety measures when handling antineoplastic drugs(ADs)in their daily work.Methods:This was a multisite study conducted in 8 public hospitals in China.A self-administered questionnaire was sent to par ticipants querying the degree of contact with ADs.The hypothesized relations were explored using structural equation modelling via the bootstrap method.Mediation analysis was applied to explore the mediating role of protective knowledge regarding AD exposure on the associations among protective training,using warning labels,and using protective masks.Results:A total of 305 nurses were enrolled.The average age of all par ticipants was 30.2(standard deviation[SD]:6.2)years.Nurses who had received protective training for AD exposure were more likely to use labels for ADs after age,body mass index(BMI),length of service,marital status,education,and department were controlled as covariates.The bias-corrected bootstrap of 95%confidence interval(CI)indicated that protective knowledge significantly mediated(23.4%)the association between protective training and using labels(indirect effect=0.202,95%CI:0.009,0.495);the proportion of mediation was 23.4%.Protective knowledge significantly mediated the association between protective training and using protective masks(indirect effect=0.157,95%CI:0.048,0.325);the propor tion of mediation was 27.2%.Conclusions:The findings of this study have provided baseline information on the current state of Chinese nurses’perceptions,knowledge,and preventive behaviors toward ADs as the crisis is happening.Training is also recommended to improve nurses’perceptions of the risks associated with ADs.

To Promote Exhibition Development by Rights of City Advantages --An Interview towards Xing Liangzhong.Vice Mayor of Dalian

Reporter: What are advantages for Dalian to develop exhibition industry? Xing Liangzhong: Dalian has some advantages to develop exhibition industry, as follows: Firstly, Dalian has its particular geographical environment for exhibitions, as it is located in south of Liaotung Peninsula, facing Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea on east and west respectively.

Nice Ltd.and the City of Development Zones

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The sustainable development of innovative cities in China： Comprehensive assessment and future configuration

Innovative cities not only constitute an important basis for innovation activities, but also play a strategically critical role in constructing an innovative country, producing new forms of urban development, and fostering urban sustainable development. Currently, China is marching toward the goal of establishing an innovative country by 2020, but in the start-up phase of this process of innovative city construction, the fundamental transition from factor-driven development to innovation-driven development is not being realized. As a result,a wide gap currently exists between China＇s innovative cities and the advanced innovative cities in developed countries. This paper argues that this necessary transition is being constrained by a series of bottlenecks in investment, income, techniques, contributions, and talents. The article takes 287 prefecture-level cities as its object of comprehensive assessment, developing a comprehensive assessment system for innovative cities and devising innovative monitoring system software in order to evaluate the current situation in China＇s innovative city construction. The analysis addresses four key aspects – namely,independent innovation, industrial innovation, living environmental innovation, and institutional innovation – as well as the spatial heterogeneity of the innovative city construction process. The results demonstrate that the level of innovation in Chinese cities is low, and the paper warns that building an innovation-oriented country will, as a consequence,be difficult. Some 87.8% of the cities studied maintained comprehensive levels of innovation that were lower than the national average. The level of comprehensive innovation in a city was found to have close and positive correlation with economic development. The level of the eastern region of China was, in particular, found to be significantly higher than that of the central and western regions. The levels of urban independent innovation, industrial innovation,environmental innovation, and institutional innovation showed consistent spatial heterogeneity, as did the comprehensive level of innovation in cities. In the future, the authors suggest, China should speed up the construction process in accordance with the basic principles of ＂independent innovation, breakthroughs in key fields, market-oriented, regional interaction, talent-supported,＂ with the purpose of building up Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai,and Guangzhou as global innovation centers; and Nanjing, Suzhou, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Wuxi,Xi＇an, Wuhan, Shenyang, Dalian, Tianjin, Changsha, Qingdao, Chengdu, Changchun, Hefei,and Chongqing as national innovation centers, by 2020. Through this process, China will finally build a national urban innovation network that includes 4 global innovative cities, 16 national innovative cities, 30 regional innovative cities, 55 local innovative cities, and 182innovation-driven development cities, thereby contributing to the establishment of an innovative country by 2020.

On the Socio-Economic Development Features on the Fringe Areas of Large Cities in China

Regional studies are basically carried out in three areas. Studies on regional develop-ment theory, the characteristics and state of regional development, and on decision mak-ing and policy, In recent years, regional development theories were introduced to China,such as growth pole theory, gradient theory, and central place theory, etc. Much benefi-cial work has been done concerning these theories. Much exploration has also been madeon decision-making and policy studies in connection with regional, territorial and cityplanning. However, not much has been done with regard to the research on the character-istics and state of regional development and most of them are descriptive. Therefore, thereis a lack of guiding theory for decision-making and policy studies and also a lack of re-search, on regional characteristics and state, which has inevitably resulted in erroneousdecision-making and reform measures. The stepping up of research on the charecteristicsand state plays a key role in raising, the regional scientific research level. In this article, theauthors concentrate their research on the city fringe areas and try to explore thesocio-economic features and state of these particular areas.

Exploitation of mineral resource and its influence on regional development and urban evolution in Xinjiang, China

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between mineral resources exploitation and economic and urban development in Xinjiang. The article summarizes the mineral resource exploitation development of Xinjiang especially over the last 50 years, and investigates energy industries and their driving forces, directions, and economic impact on the oasis urban system evolution in Xinjiang. Methods like correlation analysis, location quotient and elastic coefficient are employed in the presentation and discussion, and also field reconnaissance surveys, interviews and secondary sources are used. The result shows Xinjiang＇s economic growth is promoted by the contributions of the increasing mineral resource industry which promotes economic development by accelerating infrastructure construction, developing industry and raising revenue and fixed investment. Mineral exploitation in recent years had profound impacts on urban development as a growth engine. The evolution of urban system has a close relationship with resource exploitation, and statistical results provide strong evidence to support the argument that mineral resource exploitation has promoted the growth of built-up areas and its expansion patterns in Xinjiang, especially regions along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.

China＇s Sponge City construction： A discussion on technical approaches

Since 2014, China has been implementing the Sponge City Construction initiative, which represents an enormous and unprecedented effort by any government in the world for achieving urban sustainability. According to preliminary estimates, the total investment on the Sponge City Plan is roughly 100 to 150 million Yuan （RMB） （$15 to $22.5 million） average per square kilometer or 10 Trillion Yuan （RMB） （$1.5 Trillion） for the 657 cities nationwide. The Sponge City Plan （SCP） calls for the use of natural processes such as soil and vegetation as part of the urban runoff control strategy, which is similar to that of low impact development （LID） and green infrastructure （G1） practices being promoted in many parts of the world. The SCP includes as its goals not only effective urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, water quality improvement and ecological restoration. So far, the SCP implementation has encountered-some barriers and challenges due to many factors. The present paper presents a review of those barriers and challenges, oftizrs discussions and recommendations on several technical aspects such as control goals and objectives; planning/design and construction of LID/GI practices; performance evaluation. Several key recommendations are proposed on Sponge City implementation strategy, Site-specific regulatory fi＇amework and technical gmdance, Product innovation and certification, LID/GI Project financing, LID/G1 profcssional training and certification, public outreach and education. It is expected that the successful implemen!atiun of the. SCP not only will bring about a sustainable, eco-friendly urbanization process in China, but also contribute enormously to the LID/Gl research and development with the vast amount of relevant data and experiences generated from the Sponge City construction projects.

Some Problems in the Economic Development of Ningbo City

I. Present SituationNingbo is the second largest city ofZhejiang Province and one of the 14 coastalcities which has been disignated for furtheropening up to the outside world. NingboCity is situated in the northeasten part ofZhejiang Province, with 5 counties and onecity under its jurisdiction (Qingxian,Fenghua, Ninghai, Xiangshan and

Enlightenment From the Development of Ancient City Planning in China in the Ancient Times

China is among the first countries in the world in developing the science of urban planning,and has evolved her own unique system.Through investigating the structural features of the plan-ning system,the laws governing its development and the causes of the rise and fall of the ancientplanning system,this article attempts to propose some insights useful to the establishment and de-velopment of the modern city planning in China.

City Planning and SocioEconomic Development——Also on the Further Implementation of the Master Plan for Beijing Development

At present,many people believe that wehave to strengthen the research on socioeconomic development when making citydevelopment plans,but problems remain asto what to research on,how to carry out theresearch and how to closely

The Rise of the Nantong Harbour and the Development Strategy of Nantong City

Nantong in Jiangsu Province is one ofthe 14 coastal port cities designated to opento the outside world. Recent years saw theincreasing importance of the Nantong Har-bour, with its cargo handling capacitymiraculously shooting up from 2.96 milliontonnes in 1980 to 10.19 million tonnes in1985. Nantong has grown from a lack-lus-ter inland river harbour into an importantsea port of China and the hub of theriver-sea coordinated transport system inthe Yangtze River Valley. Although it

Study on the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Tourism Development in Sanya City Based on Grey Relational Analysis

The development of tourism is closely related to Sanya’s economic growth.In this paper,the correlation between tourism development and economic growth in Sanya city is studied.Itwas first measured with grey correlation analysis.Then,tourism factors in Sanya was indicated,including tourism foreign exchange income,total value of accommodation and catering,the number of A-level and above scenic spots,tourism turnover,overnight domestic tourists,total passenger flow of airport and railway station and other factors.It is found that these factors have a significant impact on the output value of tourism in Sanya City.The analytical results show that tourism factors and economic growth in Sanya city is highly correlated.Improvement measures are put forward accordingly.

Forum Spotlight: City Development and Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Framework

With the theme of“The Belt and Road:Inclusive,Sustainable and Resilient Cities”,the 2016 Imperial Springs International Forum focused on city cooperation and emphasized the idea of“city”as the pilot for cooperation under the Belt and

Strive to Raise the Level of China's City Planning and Design to Suit the Needs of Development in the New Historical Stage

ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten years and more re-cently.This is manifested in the following5 respects.A.Thanks to the