Poverty reduction within the framework of SDGs and Post-2015 Development Agenda

The eradication of poverty is one of the largest global challenges facing the world. This article examines poverty reduction goals within the framework of Post-2015 Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). It also discusses the relationship between poverty reduction and sustainable development. Poverty reduction and sustainable development are inseparable and poverty reduction is the premise for sustainable development. Furthermore, several key bones of contention on the role of poverty reduction and sustainable development and implications of Post-2015 Development Agenda are also discussed. It concludes that to end poverty and inequality should continuously be given top priority for the Chinese government, because poverty reduction is China's soft power. Meanwhile, new ways of poverty alleviation should be explored and government should make great efforts to create a new partnership for poverty reduction and development.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China's implementation

The concept of sustainable development has experienced great development and change at different levels of theoretical connotation and practical implementation since 1960 s and 1970 s when it was first proposed. People's understanding of the relationship between economy,society, and environment has been continuously deepened over the years. When it came to the end of 2015, it is necessary to examine the results of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on sustainable development, and at the same time, the post-2015 framework and guidance on sustainable development at the global level were to be made, including the ideas, action plans, key areas that would guide the global sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has developed a 5P theoretical framework of being peoplecentered, global environmental security, sustained economic prosperity, social justice and harmony and partnership promotion, including a political declaration, 17 overarching goals and 169 specific targets, specific ways of implementation, as well as the follow-up. It is the road map to achieve global sustainable development and meet the requirements of the millennium development goals. This paper summarizes the understanding of the concept of sustainable development from its origin, its significant development, to the proposition and development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its strategic impact on China.

Following the Charter of the United Nations: The Basic Guarantee for the Realization of the Right to Development——From the Perspective of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts regarding the people as the focal point, the dignity, the worth of the human being, as well as larger aspects of freedom, and other basic concepts within the Charter of the United Nations, guide the right direction of action for the realization of the right to development. The purpose and principles of the United Nations establishment in the Charter constitute the basic legal protection of the right to development. Values of peace, international dialogue, and international cooperation show the right path to the realization of the right to development.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sets Action Targets for Realizing the Right to Development in the New Era

During the three decades after the adoption of the Declaration on the Right to Development, the right to development has received wider acknowledgement throughout the international community, and has become a typical example of 'third-generation rights.' The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which puts forward 17 goals of sustainable development, was adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit on September 25, 2015. From the contents of the agenda, we can see that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highly conforms to the right to development. Both match, not only in purpose and content, but also in object and subject, as well as in demands for countries and the foundations needed. We may regard the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as setting action targets for the realization of the right to development in the new era. Meanwhile, to realize the right to development in the new situation is to accomplish the aim of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The two adopt different approaches that lead to the same destination.

Human Rights Dilemma of Migration Targets in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly and specifically includes migration in the global development agenda for the first time, and establishes relevant targets, including promoting regular migration and protecting the rights of migrant workers. These targets are significant achievements of the United Nations in promoting the topic “Migration and Development” and strengthening the human rights-based global migration governance.However, there are many difficulties in achieving these targets, especially when the rights of regular and irregular migration are undermining national sovereignty and security, or are not in line with national development needs. With the continued spread of the CoVID-19pandemic, rising tensions among major powers, and the prevalence of populism and anti-foreigner sentiment in the West, the process of migration and development has been seriously influenced, and the divergent positions and conflicting interests of countries have pushed the migration targets further out of reach. However, in the long run,exploration in this area will help promote global economic recovery in the post-pandemic era and benefit all parties from the positive interactions of migration, development, and human rights.

Post Millennium Development Goals Prospect on Child Mortality in India: An Analysis Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) Model

Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and lessons learned to incorporate into the SDGs. The present study reviews and predicts different components of under-five mortality rate beyond 2015 to assess the present situation and to determine the future possibilities of achieving the new targets for SDGs in India. Data and Methods: It uses available time series data on different components of U5MR from the India’s Sample Registration System (SRS). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model has been taken as the method of time series analysis to forecast the mortality rates beyond 2015. Results: There is a consistent pattern of faster decline in the under-five mortality compared with the neonatal mortality rate across all major states in India although neonatal mortality contributes largest share in under-five mortality. Again, share of neonatal death among under-five death is increasing steadily over the future projected years. This indicates very slow progress of reduction in neonatal mortality. Stimulating efforts with new intervention programmes will be needed to focus more on lowering neonatal mortality particularly in rural India.

Development and Protection: Reshaping Cultural Policies——A Study of the UN's Advancement of Cultural and Creative Industry in Developing Countries

Cultural diversity originates from modern cultural industries. The UN's decade–long promotion of cultural diversity coincides with the advancement of China's cultural and creative industries; however, China's situation is different from the creative economy advocated by the UN in terms of developmental logic. The policy of cultural diversity provides a basis for the UN to push forward the development of cultural and creative industries in developing countries. It is derived from the developmental theories of developed countries, which regard creativity(innovation) as a "technique" and overlook its uniqueness. The digital revolution has never given fair play to developing countries which explains why the UN's promotion of cultural diversity has not yet helped developing countries to substantially increase their exports of cultural goods and services in the past ten years. Nevertheless, the development of the in ternet and digital technology may create an opportunity for developing countries to catch up with and surpass their developed neighbors. China's unique approach to cultural and creative development may serve as a model for the international community to pursue sustainable development in the future.

Rise and Realization of the Right to Development after the WWⅡ

One basic conclusion which can be drawn from introspection on the evolution course of the right to development is that the realization of the right to development is not isolated but needs to be discussed from the three-dimensional perspective of war, peace and development. The study demonstrates that although the Charter of the United Nations doesn't directly use the phrase 'the right to development', it comprehensively regulates the issues of war, peace and the right to development and provides four legal sources for the right to development. The Declaration on the Right to Development specifies the legal status of the relationship between peace and the right to development in terms of norms, values, consequences, methods and countermeasures. The just historical conception towards war is the value prerequisite for realizing the right to development through development and cooperation, and we should adhere to equal development, mutual development and sustainable development during the process of this value consensus' being translated into system and action. Fully establishing the status of the right to development in the Post-2015 Development Agenda requirs widening the sphere and scope of the right to development, optimizing the concept and principle of the right to development and strengthening the efficiency and effectiveness of the right to development.

Influence of foreign direct investment from China on achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in African countries

The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs?This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores.Then,the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa,with the SDGs being grouped into social,economic,and environmental dimensions.Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa.FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy),SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth),SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure),SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production),SDG 13(Climate Action),and SDG 15(Life on Land).The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7,8,9,11(Sustainable Cities and Communities),and 14(Life below Water)was significantly positive.However,the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions,whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends.To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment,more investment scopes,particularly those in the social dimension,should be developed.Moreover,China-Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China-Africa community with a shared future.

Building quality primary health care development in the new era towards universal health coverage:a Beijing initiative

Primary health care(PHC)is the most effective way to improve people’s health and well-being,and primary care services should act as the cornerstone of a resilient health system and the foundation of universal health coverage.To promote high quality development of PHC,an International Symposium on Quality Primary Health Care Development was held on December 4-5,2023 in Beijing,China,and the participants have proposed and advocated the Beijing Initiative on Quality Primary Health Care Development.The Beijing Initiative calls on all countries to carry out and strengthen 11 actions:fulfill political commitment and accountability;achieve“health in all policies”through multisectoral coordination;establish sustainable financing;empower communities and individuals;provide community-based integrated care;promote the connection and integration of health services and social services through good governance;enhance training,allocation and motivation of health workforce,and medical education;expand application of traditional and alternative medicine for disease prevention and illness healing;empower PHC with digital technology;ensure access to medicinal products and appropriate technologies;and last,strengthen global partnership and international health cooperation.The Initiative will enrich the content of quality development of PHC,build consensus,and put forward policies for quality development of PHC in China in the new era,which are expected to make contributions in accelerating global actions.

A goal-based approach to the identification of essential transformation variables in support of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

The United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets seventeen Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to be achieved by 2030.Earth observation are needed that can support the development and validation of transformation policies to make progress towards the SDGs.A participatory and inclusive goal-based approach(GBA)is introduced that links societal goals,targets and indicators to Essential Transformation Variables(ETVs)of the human and non-human environment.The GBA is complementary to the widely used expertbased approach.The GBA is applied to the SDGs at the goal,target and indicator levels.The high-level conceptual model used for the SDGs is humanity embedded in the Earth’s life-support system(ELSS).At the goal level,very few of the SDGs are directly focusing on the ELSS and its physiology.Most of the SDG Targets focus on transformations in society and the built environment.Having targets that explicitly focus on the physiology of the ELSS would be important for sustainability.Most of the current indicator measure the built environment and the embedded social fabric.Sustainable development requires a functioning ELSS,and to ensure this,complementary indicators that bring environmental aspects to the monitoring of SDG targets are needed.

New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

Analysis on the Mode of Supply of Social Housing for Youth in Taiwan: A Case Study of New Taipei City in 2019

This study explores the framework of developmental welfare through means of literature review and case study, analyzes the mode of supply of social housing for youth in New Taipei City of Taiwan, with a view to providing a reference for the inclusive and sustainable social housing mode in Taiwan.

How China Protects the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

China prioritizes the rights to survival and to development both in abstract terms and in practical terms in its human rights efforts. As early as the United Nations began to draft the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, China maintained that the right to development should be part of human rights. In the implementation of the Convention, China focuses on the people’s livelihood, passes laws and makes policies that protect disability rights, and even prioritizes the protection as part of its economic and social development initiatives, particularly poverty reduction and the effort to make China into a moderately prosperous society. In the international community, China advocates the inclusion of disability rights into international development agendas, and plays a leading role in the implementation of the United Nations’ Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China’s unique way of protecting disability rights aptly demonstrates the country’s efforts to realize the right to development for its people.

China′s Agenda 21 and the Development of the Coal Industry

Ｃｈｉｎａ′ｓＡｇｅｎｄａ２１ａｎｄｔｈｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＣｏａｌＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ￥／／Ｃｈｉｎａ′ｓＡｇｅｎｄａ２１ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓ２０ｃｈａｐｔｅｒｓｏｆｗｈｉｃｈＣｈａｐｔｅｒ１ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｆａｃｅａｎｄＣｈａｐ...

务实制度主义:中国与中东欧国家的合作

国家为什么合作?国际制度研究重点探讨制度是否可以促进合作以及国际合作机制是如何发展演变的。但是尚未充分研究的一个核心问题是,怎样的国际制度能够更加有效地促成国家间合作?它是如何运作的?近年来,随着新兴经济体崛起且发起了越来越多的制度合作,一种不同于新自由制度主义的新型制度合作模式日益显现并在国际进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用,我们称之为务实制度主义。务实制度主义不拘泥于严格的、强约束力的规则和僵化的制度形式,而是以务实议程、自愿参与和灵活开放为特征,以经济社会可持续发展和发展安全利益为过程动力,在持续重复的国际实践中实现务实合作制度化,培育制度行为体的积极合作习惯,这是一种"弱"制度、高效率的合作进程。中国与16个中东欧国家以政策沟通、经贸合作和社会文化交流为主要内容开展合作实践,具有明显的务实制度主义特征。随着合作不断扩大和深化,务实制度效率不断提升,中国与中东欧国家的互动文化也越来越朝着积极合作的方向发展。