An Integrated Framework for Geothermal Energy Storage with CO_(2)Sequestration and Utilization

Subsurface geothermal energy storage has greater potential than other energy storage strategies in terms of capacity scale and time duration.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is regarded as a potential medium for energy storage due to its superior thermal properties.Moreover,the use of CO_(2)plumes for geothermal energy storage mitigates the greenhouse effect by storing CO_(2)in geological bodies.In this work,an integrated framework is proposed for synergistic geothermal energy storage and CO_(2)sequestration and utilization.Within this framework,CO_(2)is first injected into geothermal layers for energy accumulation.The resultant high-energy CO_(2)is then introduced into a target oil reservoir for CO_(2)utilization and geothermal energy storage.As a result,CO_(2)is sequestrated in the geological oil reservoir body.The results show that,as high-energy CO_(2)is injected,the average temperature of the whole target reservoir is greatly increased.With the assistance of geothermal energy,the geological utilization efficiency of CO_(2)is higher,resulting in a 10.1%increase in oil displacement efficiency.According to a storage-potential assessment of the simulated CO_(2)site,110 years after the CO_(2)injection,the utilization efficiency of the geological body will be as high as 91.2%,and the final injection quantity of the CO_(2)in the site will be as high as 9.529×10^(8)t.After 1000 years sequestration,the supercritical phase dominates in CO_(2)sequestration,followed by the liquid phase and then the mineralized phase.In addition,CO_(2)sequestration accounting for dissolution trapping increases significantly due to the presence of residual oil.More importantly,CO_(2)exhibits excellent performance in storing geothermal energy on a large scale;for example,the total energy stored in the studied geological body can provide the yearly energy supply for over 3.5×10^(7) normal households.Application of this integrated approach holds great significance for large-scale geothermal energy storage and the achievement of carbon neutrality.

Distribution,exploitation,and utilization of intermediate-to-deep geothermal resources in eastern China

The part of China,east of the Hu Huanyong Line,is commonly referred to as eastern China.It is characterized by a high population density and a well-developed economy;it also has huge energy demands.This study assesses and promotes the large-scale development of geothermal resources in eastern China by analyzing deep geological structures,geothermal regimes,and typical geothermal systems.These analyses are based on data collected from geotectology,deep geophysics,geothermics,structural geology,and petrology.Determining the distribution patterns of intermediate-to-deep geothermal resources in the region helps develop prospects for their exploitation and utilization.Eastern China hosts superimposed layers of rocks from three major,global tectonic domainsd namely Paleo-Asian,Circum-Pacific,and Tethyan rocks.The structure of its crust and mantle exhibits a special flyover pattern,with basins and mountains as well as well-spaced uplifts and depressions alternatively on top.The lithosphere in Northeast China and North China is characterized by a thin,low density crust and mantle,whereas the lithosphere in South China has a thin,low density crust and a thick,high density mantle.The middle and upper crust contain geobodies with high conductivity and low velocity,with varying degrees of development that create favorable conditions for the formation and enrichment of geothermal resources.Moderate-to-high temperature geothermal resources are distributed in the MesozoiceCenozoic basins in eastern China,although moderate temperature geothermal resources with low abundance dominate.Porous sandstone reservoirs,karstified fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs,and fissured granite reservoirs are the main types of geothermal reservoirs in this region.Under the currently available technical conditions,the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in eastern China favor direct utilization over large-scale geothermal power generation.In Northeast China and North China,geothermal resources could be applied for large-scale geothermal heating purposes;geothermal heating could be applied during winter along parts of the Yangtze River while geothermal cooling would be more suitable for summer there;geothermal cooling could also be applied to much of South China.Geothermal resources can also be applied to high value-added industries,to aid agricultural practices,and for tourism.

Study on the Impact of Climatic and Environmental Factors on the Development and Utilization of Rooftop Solar Energy Resources in Inner Mongolia

Based on the data of 8 solar radiation stations and 119 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2017 as well as the comparative observation of rooftop solar distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment,the impact of climatic and environmental factors on the development and utilization of rooftop solar energy resources was studied.The results show that the main climatic factors affecting rooftop solar power generation were cloud cover,precipitation,relative humidity,visibility,gale,dust weather,temperature and lightning disaster.Except for temperature and lightning disaster,other meteorological elements were negatively correlated with rooftop solar power generation,namely reducing direct radiation.The high temperature in Inner Mongolia in summer could cause the solar cell efficiency to decrease by 40%-60%,while the low temperature in eastern region in winter was not suitable for the development of rooftop solar energy resources.Lightning is the main meteorological disaster affecting the safe operation of photovoltaic systems,and class-2 lightning protection equipment needs to be installed.Photovoltaic power generation equipment should be installed on a roof which is not covered by high buildings and on the windward side of a chimney as much as possible.Areas with heavy dust pollution need to remove dust on the surface of solar panels in time.Snow and ice should be removed timely during snowfall in winter.

Progress and Development Strategy of Biomass Energy Utilization Technologies in China

I. Preface Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.

Hydraulic Energy Development of Changjiang Valley in First 5 Decades of 21st Century

The Changjiang River Valley is rich in hydraulic energy resources. A rough estimation of the technically developable volume and the economically developable volume for the Changjiang River Valley was drawn out on the basis of new data. According to the estimation, the developable water energy resources of the whole valley is 257 627.60 MW with an annual energy output of 1 195.142 billion kW·h - respectively amounting to 120.6% and 116.3% of the General Investigation result in 1980. The proportion of economically developable volume in the technically developable volume ranges the medium level in the world. According to the 3-step plan for the national economic and social development, the economic situation of our country will come up to the standard of medium-developed countries in the mid of the 21st century. Calculation reports from related departments show that the national electric power requirement in the Year 2050 will be 6 200 billion kW·h (basic scheme) ～11 600 billion kW·h (ideal scheme) while the electric power requirement of the South-west, Central and East areas of the nation within the Changjiang River Valley will amount to 44% ～ 50 %. In order to satisfy the electric power requirement of the national economic and social development, the development and utilization of the hydraulic energy in the Changjiang River Valley should be speeded up by stressing its strategic position and taking effective measures. The structure of the electric energy components of the three areas will be improved with the increasing proportion of the hydroelectricity. The hydroelectricity should be mainly developed in the South-west area; both the hydroelectric and fossil-fired power should be developed in the Central China; the fossil-fired power should be mainly developed in the combination of hydropower while nuclear power will be properly developed in the East China. In the Year 2050, the development of the economically developable hydraulic energy in the whole valley will be basically completed and the proportion of the hydropower in the electric energy components will be 40%.

Geothermal Energy in China: Status and Problems

The application of geothermal energy in China has a long history. From the 70’s last century, the research and development of geothermal in the world has been greatly advanced, and the Chinese geologists have finished the fundmental work for geothermal prospecting. The application technology is much behind in china. With the fast growing of national economy, the public, as well as the government recognizes the importance of clean and renewable energy, large scale development of geothermal energy is on the gate in China. This paper gives an outline of the geothermal potentials in china, and points out the problems and technical needs in the research and development in the near future.

Application of machine learning and deep learning in geothermal resource development: Trends and perspectives

This study delves into the latest advancements in machine learning and deep learning applications in geothermal resource development,extending the analysis up to 2024.It focuses on artificial intelligence's transformative role in the geothermal industry,analyzing recent literature from Scopus and Google Scholar to identify emerging trends,challenges,and future opportunities.The results reveal a marked increase in artificial intelligence(AI)applications,particularly in reservoir engineering,with significant advancements observed post‐2019.This study highlights AI's potential in enhancing drilling and exploration,emphasizing the integration of detailed case studies and practical applications.It also underscores the importance of ongoing research and tailored AI applications,in light of the rapid technological advancements and future trends in the field.

Geothermal Research in Austria—An Overview on Recent Activities of the Geological Survey of Austria

Increasing demand on environmentally friendly energy supply enforces the need for geothermal research in Austria.Although geothermal utilization for recreational purposes and local heating has long tradition in Austria,the first geothermal heating facility has been launched in 1978 at Bad Waltersdorf, and the currently installed capacities exceed 60 MWth,fundamental researches,for example in

地热资源勘探开发技术与发展方向

地热资源是重要的非碳基可再生能源,具有本土能源、稳定可靠、绿色低碳等优势。21世纪以来,我国地热直接利用规模稳居世界首位,特别是中深层地热供暖利用快速增长,成为我国在世界地热产业中的鲜明特色。但与此同时,受限于我国绝大部分地区处于板块内部,东部用能旺盛区尚没有规模中高温地热资源发现,我国地热发电产业发展缓慢。基于对我国地热资源分布特征和开发利用情况的分析,总结归纳了我国中深层地热勘探开发利用技术现状,包括地热系统形成机制、选区评价技术、热储描述技术、可持续开发技术及“取热不耗水”关键工程技术等。地热能若要在能源转型中发挥更重要作用,未来需要向品位更高、应用范围更广的深层地热资源进军。建议持续加强基础理论研究和原始技术创新,尽快摸清我国深层地热资源家底,攻关高温钻完井、复杂结构井、深层热储改造、井下换热和干热岩EGS工程等关键技术,推进“地热+”多能协同,加大示范项目建设和应用市场培育。同时,需要建立健全政策法规制度体系,加大政策支持和管理监督力度,为地热产业健康、规范、可持续发展营造良好的环境。

农村能源与信息技术研究现状与展望

农村地区作为全球能源消耗的重要组成部分,面临着能源供应不足、能源利用低效以及环境污染等挑战。为了解决这些问题并推动农村地区的可持续发展,农村能源技术的发展逐渐成为关注的焦点。本研究在介绍农村能源利用现状的基础上,从对农村能源供应不足、利用率低、对传统能源依赖以及造成的环境污染4个方面分析农村能源存在的问题,介绍了农村能源与信息技术相结合取得的进展。最后,从制定全面的政策框架以及建立合作机制,加强基础设施建设以及监管和政策执行,促进绿色能源、数字化农业等方面提出了相应的政策建议,并从发展可再生能源技术、进行能源整合、开发智能能源管理系统等方面推动农村能源与信息技术全面、健康和可持续发展展望了能源信息技术对农村地区发展的积极影响。

超长重力热管联合热泵的地热利用系统热力经济性分析

深层地热资源储量巨大,采用超长重力热管取热技术对深层地热资源进行开采,将其与热泵系统联合为用户供热是一种高效利用深层地热资源的方法。针对如何调节不同参数下超长重力热管与热泵联合运行以期获得最佳热力经济性的问题,建立了系统热力经济性模型,研究了热泵系统蒸发温度、超长重力热管热阻、井深、地温梯度以及蒸发器面积不同的情况下系统热力经济性变化规律。结果表明存在一个最佳蒸发温度使供热成本最低,如在地温梯度30℃/km、井深3 000 m的条件下,最佳蒸发温度为-2℃;超长重力热管热阻越小或地温梯度越大时可实现供热成本越低且最佳蒸发温度越高;存在最佳的井深和蒸发器面积使得供热成本最低。研究结果可为优化超长重力热管在开采深层地热联合热泵系统性能方面提供理论指导。

基于热藏-井筒-地面一体化的地热田智能开发研究与实践

地热能开发利用对于优化能源结构、实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。按照总体规划、逐步实施、突出重点的思路,进行了智能地热田整体架构设计,并结合地热供暖业务开展了实践,整体架构为“一个中心、两个平台”,即数据资源中心、地热余热生产指挥平台、地下地面一体化协同应用平台,以地质热藏、地热井筒作为地热资源开发的地面边界条件,建立基于IAM(综合资产模型)技术的地质热藏-井筒-地面一体化耦合模型,结合机器学习等技术初步实现了地热供热智能辅助决策,支撑预测预警、平稳开发、智能运维、安全生产。该技术方案在地热田开发优化调整、管网及换热站内工艺设备优化、智能供热运维等方面得到了应用,整体架构设计符合信息技术发展方向,对于地热资源智能开发具有参考价值。

LIBS测量飞灰含碳量的研究现状及展望

飞灰含碳量是评价燃煤锅炉燃烧效率的重要参数之一,实现其在线测量对于提高燃煤机组节能水平与智能化发展具有重要意义。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)作为一种具有竞争力的在线快速测量技术,在飞灰含碳量测量方面的应用已取得了较大进步。本文综述了LIBS测量燃煤飞灰含碳量的基础研究进展,根据测量时飞灰样品形态差异,梳理了LIBS在不同测量模式下的测量参数优化方法;总结了目前LIBS测量飞灰含碳量的光谱数据处理方法和定量分析算法的发展趋势;回顾了在实际工业中LIBS测量飞灰含碳量的应用现状,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

中国工业绿色低碳发展质量的演进、区域差异及政策建议

如何理解工业绿色发展的内涵,对于评价工作至关重要。已有研究忽视了绿色制造体系的重要作用,且较少探究区域工业绿色低碳发展差异的来源,有必要弥补这些不足。研究发现,中国工业绿色低碳发展指数呈现总体上升态势,反映了工业绿色低碳发展质量的不断提升向好趋势。分区域看,东、中、西三大区域呈现出明显的自东向西阶梯状过渡分布,工业绿色低碳发展质量较好的省份依然集中于东部地区;工业绿色低碳发展质量的区域差距表现为先增后降,区域工业绿色低碳发展质量的差异主要来自区域间,且区域内和区域间的差异来源有所不同。目前存在的主要问题在于,第一,绿色创新发展在实现工业绿色低碳发展中的核心作用尚未充分发挥;第二,绿色体系建设水平仍有一定的提升空间;第三,地方性环保法规等制度实施效果存在较大的地区性差异。由此,政府部门在推动区域协调发展战略的同时,需要重点关注区域工业绿色低碳发展水平的差异。

雄安新区浅层地热能资源潜力及经济环境效益评价

根据雄安新区雄东片区浅层地热能的地温场和热物性等赋存条件,估算了雄东片区浅层地热能静态储量和资源潜力,评价了开发利用的经济环境效益。经计算,雄东片区150 m以浅浅层地热能热容量为4.7×10^(12)kJ/℃,静态储量为23.4×10^(12)kJ,制冷工况下资源潜力为43.3万m^(2)/km^(2),供暖工况下资源潜力为85.9万m^(2)/km^(2)从经济效益角度评价,当浅层地热能开发利用率为25%时,雄东片区全年大约可节约6077吨标准煤,全年大约可节约费用2006万元,可减排二氧化碳14501吨、减排二氧化硫103吨、减排粉尘49吨。

地热资源勘查中水文地质调查的运用

随着社会经济的迅速发展和城镇化的有序推进,我国水文地质调查技术水平持续提升。水文地质调查是地热资源研究的重要组成部分,是有效开发利用地热资源的方向标,是地热资源开发科学性和效率性的基础保障。水文地质调查就是通过专业技术手段对勘查区进行勘测,得到地质、地貌和水文等数据信息,进而有效分析勘查区水文地质环境。水文地质调查是一种模式化、科学化和标准化的方法,有助于实现地热资源的开发利用与水文地质环境的可持续发展。因此,结合地热资源勘查中水文地质调查的实际案例,对勘查区调查数据进行评价,以期更好地将水文地质调查应用于地热资源勘查中,提高地热资源勘查技术水平。

德州市地热资源开发利用与管理探讨

地热能作为一种清洁低碳、安全稳定、开发技术先进、运行管理科学的非碳基能源,是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标不可或缺的能源。德州市是山东省地热资源富集区之一,目前已查明全市地热资源量约500亿m^(3),地热资源总储量3.80×10^(20) J,占全省的21.35%。而地热资源具有水资源和矿产资源的双重属性,是一种特殊的地下水。德州市聚焦矿产资源管理改革,推动矿产资源开发利用高质量发展。依托地热资源优势,秉持“在保护中开发、在开发中保护”发展理念,先行先试、因地制宜开展地热资源保护与开发利用监督管理工作,探索地热资源开发利用新模式、新路径,取得显著成效。

地热供暖梯级利用优化研究

提高地热能利用率是地热供暖节能增效的有效途径,尾水回灌是热储可持续开发利用的根本保障。不同的地热能供暖运行策略致使系统地热能利用率与系统总能效不同。不同的热储层具有不同的物化特征,为利于回灌、节能及安全,宜据其特性优化利用模式。基于砂岩热储供暖在不同运行模式下案例,定量分析不同侧重点之优缺,提供更合理的梯级利用策略参考模型。

兰考县地热资源地质特征及潜在环境地质问题研究

本文针对兰考县地热资源的地质特征及潜在环境地质问题展开深入研究。通过该地区地热资源的分布特征调查和分析,并从地热地质构造、热流场分布、地下水循环等方面揭示了地热资源的地质特征。分析了地热开发利用可能引发的环境地质问题,当地热能过度开采将造成地面沉降、地热流体水量和温度衰减等,地热尾水处理不当会产生“盐污染”和“热污染”,造成地质灾害频发和生态环境破坏。因此,针对地质环境问题,如何更安全、更合理地开发利用地热资源,显得尤为重要。

中深层地热井换热特性多因素影响规律研究

积极推进中深层地热能供暖技术,是践行国家碳达峰碳中和“双碳”目标的重要举措。中深层同轴套管式换热系统可避免对地下水资源和环境造成损害,且影响要素之间存在着复杂的非线性相互作用。基于中深层同轴套管式换热器的理论分析和数学描述,建立地热井分层换热模型,并验证其可靠性;以陕西关中盆地某中深层地热井为依托,采用数值模拟方法对各项因素影响下的地热井换热性能及连续运行过程的取热能力进行系统分析。结果表明:采用均质模型、分层模型计算地热井出水温度与实测值最大相对误差分别为14.08%、11.50%,平均误差分别为7.29%、6.93%,分层模型较均质模型具有较高的计算精度;影响因素中地热井深度、地温梯度及地层导热系数对取热功率影响最为显著,在一定程度上取热功率与地温梯度、进水温度、内管导热系数基本呈线性关系,且固井材料导热系数对传热过程具有热阻效应;中深层地热井取热量随运行年限的增加而降低,前5个供暖季取热量降幅较大,之后取热量降幅减缓,经过50个供暖季,年平均取热功率下降15.59%,将地温下降值超过1℃视为地温场受到影响,地温场平均受影响半径约为65 m,此外,由于地层的差异性,地热井周围地层温度下降及恢复等值线在地层交界面处出现了“阶梯式”变化,岩石导热系数较大的地层在地层交界面附近造成的温度扰动距离更远。研究成果可应用于中深层地热井取热换热能力的评估,同时为中深层同轴套管式换热系统的设计提供借鉴。